The Jivaro shrunken heads from the National Museum , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Authentic or Counterfeits?

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Mendonça de Souza ◽  
Fatima Nascimento ◽  
Karl Jan Reinhard ◽  
Adauto Araújo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Cultural Details ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Feather Ornaments

The Jivaro people from Ecuador, Amazonia, skillfully mummified human heads by shrinking them to the size of a fist. The Jivaro became famous as the Amazonian headhunters. This mummification was practiced in the context of a ritual in which individuals developed more and more spiritual power supported by the submission of their enemy souls. In the original ritual the heads were discarded or “buried” in the rivers. Historical contacts and religious conversion prohibited the practice and only a few shrunken heads can be found in museums today. Six Jivaro shrunken heads, probably from adult men with ornaments including a Caucasian, are described in this presentation. Some of them date to the 19th century, and were acquired by the Brazilian emperor. The discovery of nits and eggs of Pediculus humanus in those mummified scalps makes their description still more interesting. Cultural details like feather ornaments, hair styles, cordage, and other characteristics are discussed

scholarly journals The music of sorcery in Brazil (Literary Conference)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Brazilian Music ◽  
Mario De Andrade ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Afro Brazilian

Abstract “The music of sorcery in Brazil” was given as a lecture by Mário de Andrade to the Brazilian Music Association (Associação Brasileira de Música), in Rio de Janeiro, in 1933. The author never managed to complete its revision for publication. This was undertaken by Oneyda Alvarenga, who published the text of the lecture and a series of related documents in Volume XIII - Música de Feitiçaria no Brasil-of the Complete Works of Mário de Andrade (Editora Itatiaia/Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1983, p.23-70). The author is in search for the role of music, with its distinctive rhythms and melodic form, in the mystical trance of Afro-Brazilian religions. The text combines the flavour of his direct research experience in the catimbó of the Brazilian Northeast; his erudite bibliographical studies that were strongly influenced by evolutionary and diffusionist anthropology at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the twentieth; and an analysis of the music of macumba in the Rio de Janeiro around the 1930s as found in the recordings that Andrade so much enjoyed collecting and listening to.

scholarly journals Wesley in Oxford and the Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight: The Study about the Root of Methodism to the World, and the Foundation of Kwansei-Gakuin in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Kawanishi Takao
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Round Table ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodist Episcopal Church ◽  
New States ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract John Wesley (1703-91）is known as the founder of Methodism in his time of Oxford University’s Scholar. However, about his Methodical religious theory, he got more spiritual and important influence from other continents not only Oxford in Great Britain but also Europe and America. Through Wesley’s experience and awakening in those continents, Methodism became the new religion with Revival by the spiritual power of “Holy Grail”. By this research using Multidisciplinary approach about the study of Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight, - from King Arthur and Knights of the Round Table in the Medieval Period, and in 18th century Wesley, who went to America in the way on ship where he met the Moravian Church group also called Herrnhut having root of Pietisms, got important impression in his life. After this awakening, he went to meet Herrnhut supervisor Zinzendorf (1700-60) in Germany who had root of a noble house in the Holy Roman Empire, - and to Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight Opera “Parsifal” by Richard Wagner at Bayreuth near Herrnhut’s land in the 19th century, Wesley’s Methodism is able to reach new states with the legend, such as the historical meaning of Christianity not only Protestantism but also Catholicism. I wish to point out Wesley’s Methodism has very close to Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight. In addition, after the circulation in America, in the late 19th century Methodism spread toward Africa, and Asian Continents. Especially in Japan, by Methodist Episcopal Church South, Methodism landed in the Kansai-area such international port city Kobe. Methodist missionary Walter Russel Lambuth (1854-1921) who entered into Japan founded English schools to do his missionary works. Afterward, one of them became Kwansei-Gakuin University in Kobe. Moreover, Lambuth such as Parsifal with Wesley’s theories went around the world to spread Methodism with the Spirit’s the Legend of Holy Grail’s Knight as World Citizen.

scholarly journals De islandske museers placering i kulturdebatten

1970 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ragnheiður H. Þhorarinsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Culture ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century

Icelandic museums and their position in public culture Icelandic museums are rooted in the national romantic movement of the 19th century and - as in the other Nordic countries - in the romantic search for a cultural identity. The National Museum was founded in 1863 in a period when the struggle for independence from Denmark culminated. Icelandic nationalism was again challenged in World War 2 which was also coincided with a period of an accelerated modernization. 

scholarly journals Collections of Japanese Art in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(6)) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Alla Ozhoha-Maslovska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 19Th Century

The stages of the formation of Japanese art collections on the territory of Ukraine from the beginning of the 19th century to the present are highlighted on the basis of archival materials, periodicals and professional literature. Information about Japanese collections of the pre-war and post-war periods are systematized, while their composition and sources of formation are determined. The influence of the socio-political system on the development of the process of collecting Japanese art in Ukraine is also analysed. The sources of the formation of collections of Japanese art in the collections of The Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts in Kyiv, Odessa Museum of Western and Oriental Arts, the Chinese Palace of “Zolochiv Castle” Museum-Reserve, as well as Kharkiv Art Museum are explored. Finally, modern tendencies in the collection of Japanese art in Ukraine are determined.

scholarly journals Um estudo comparativo entre a Fundição de Typos Henrique Rosa e a Funtimod | A comparative study between Henrique Rosa Type Foundry and Funtimod

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
Isabella Aragão ◽  
Edna Lucia Cunha Lima
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

A partir do começo do século 19, o Brasil abrigou fundições tipográficas habilitadas a manufaturar ou comercializar todo tipo de material utilizado nas oficinas tipográficas, entre elas encontra-se a Fundição de Typos Henrique Rosa, do Rio de Janeiro, e Funtimod – Fundição de Tipos Modernos, de São Paulo. Recentemente, as duas autoras deste artigo desenvolveram pesquisas com foco na firma carioca. Enquanto Edna Lucia Cunha Lima estava interessada na narrativa da família Rosa, Isabella Ribeiro Aragão intencionava responder questões comerciais, levantadas durante sua pesquisa doutoral sobre a Funtimod. Este artigo, portanto, visa contribuir com a história da tipografia no Brasil por meio da relação dos resultados dos estudos realizados, respectivamente, no Rio de Janeiro e Recife.*****Since the beginning of the 19th century, Brazil has housed type foundries qualified to manufacture or commercialize all types of material used at printing workshops, among them the Fundição de Typos Henrique Rosa, from Rio de Janeiro, and Funtimod – Fundição de Tipos Modernos, from São Paulo. Recently, the two authors of this paper have developed researches with interest in the carioca firm. While Edna Lucia Cunha Lima was interested in the story of the Rosa family, Isabella Ribeiro Aragão intended to answer commercial questions raised during her doctoral research on Funtimod. This paper, therefore, aims to contribute to the history of typography in Brazil by the results of the studies carried out, respectively, in Rio de Janeiro and Recife.

scholarly journals Three Sabers with Wooden Hilts of the 17th – Mid 19th Centuries from the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
L. A. Bobrov ◽  
Daniyar Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Metal Tip ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Written Sources

Purpose. The article provides a detailed description of three sabers with wooden hilts stored in the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PMO 3025-1.2, PMO 6265, PMO UK 8227), Astana. Results. Based on the structural analysis of the items and their design, we identified that Saber 1 from the NMRC (PMO 3025-1.2) is one of the varieties of Persian Shamshirs. The blade with the shank, garda and a wooden sheath with hoop could have been made by Iranian or, less likely, Central Asian armorers in the 18th – middle of the 19th centuries. The wooden hilt with rivets, leather-covered scabbard and a metal tip were added while the saber was in the museum collection. A distinctive feature of Saber 2 of NMRC (PMO 6265), which originates from the territory of Southern Kazakhstan, is a relatively small bending of an acute-angled blade, an authentic wooden hilt and a leather case covering the hilt. The last two elements are not typical for products of Persian craftsmen but are quite often found on the weapons of the Uzbek and Kazakh soldiers of the New Age. According to the construction and design we conclude that Saber 2 could have been made by Central Asian, or, less likely, Iranian armorers in the 18th – mid 19th centuries (in the latter case, the hilt and the cover might have been made by Uzbek or Kazakh masters). Saber 3 (ПМО УК 8227) combines the classic “shamshirs” blade and a pommel with a wooden hilt and a relatively rare version of the guard. Based on the design features, the saber is dated to the end of the 18th – mid 19th centuries. The fastening system of its “cheeks” indicates that the wooden hilt might have been made and added in the 19th century. Conclusion. The weapons of the series under review vividly illustrate the data from written sources on the prevalence of sabers with long blades imported from Iran and Central Asia among Kazakh soldiers during the 18th – 19th centuries.

scholarly journals Recepção da poesia erótica latina no séc. XIX: José Feliciano de Castilho e sua edição dos Amores, de Ovídio

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Latin Literature ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>This paper presents some results of the research project “José Feliciano de Castilho and classical tradition in the 19th Century”, financed by FAPESP. My aim is to offer a presentation to the “Grinalda Ovidiana”, a large commentary to Ovid’s <em>Amores </em>that ends up the paraphrastic translation of romantic poet Antônio Feliciano de Castilho published in Rio de Janeiro in 1858. The wise comments of José Feliciano de Castilho constitute a concrete evidence of the reception of ancient Latin Literature during the “Segundo Reinado”. Some considerations about how Castilho Antônio and Castilho José read and translated erotic classical poetry will be made too.</p>

scholarly journals Frei Francisco do Monte Alverne: Plano de Reforma para a Província Franciscana da Imaculada Conceição do Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (270) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Sandro Roberto da Costa
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Reform Project ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

O estudo da situação de decadência em que se encontrava a vida religiosa tradicional no Brasil em meados do século XIX fornece subsídios para se compreender a dinâmica da própria vida religiosa, ao mesmo tempo em que nos ajuda a entender um momento importante da relação Igreja-Estado. No presente artigo debruçamo-nos sobre o tema, a partir da ótica de um dos personagens mais representativos deste momento histórico, frei Francisco do Monte Alverne. Franciscano do Convento de Santo Antônio do Rio de Janeiro, homem culto, um dos mais famosos pregadores imperiais, com bom trânsito entre as personalidades da corte, Monte Alverne nos legou um Projeto de Reforma, cuja análise permite conhecer a situação da vida religiosa a partir da trajetória e do ponto de vista de um personagem que, de certa forma, é a própria personificação deste momento de crise.Abstract: The study of the decadent condition in which the traditional religious life found itself in the middle of the 19th century provides us with the necessary information to understand the dynamics of religious life itself; it also helps us to understand an important moment of the relationship between the Church and the State. In this present article we deal with this subject from the perspective of one of the most representative characters of that historical moment, Friar Francisco de Monte Alverne. A Franciscan from the St. Anthony Convent in Rio de Janeiro, Monte Alverne was not only a cultured man but also one of the best known preachers of the Empire and had easy access to the most important courtiers. The analysis of his Reform Project enables us to find out about the situation of the religious life at that time through the trajectory and the opinions of someone who was, to a certain extent, the very personification of that moment of crisis.

scholarly journals Recepção da poesia erótica latina no séc. XIX: José Feliciano de Castilho e sua edição dos Amores, de Ovídio

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Latin Literature ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper presents some results of the research project “José Feliciano de Castilho and classical tradition in the 19th Century”, financed by FAPESP. My aim is to offer a presentation to the “Grinalda Ovidiana”, a large commentary to Ovid’s Amores that ends up the paraphrastic translation of romantic poet Antônio Feliciano de Castilho published in Rio de Janeiro in 1858. The wise comments of José Feliciano de Castilho constitute a concrete evidence of the reception of ancient Latin Literature during the “Segundo Reinado”. Some considerations about how Castilho Antônio and Castilho José read and translated erotic classical poetry will be made too. 

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