scholarly journals Sexual violence: 10 years of case studies in a hospital in Northern Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Maghin ◽  
Michele Campagnari ◽  
Giuseppe Ricca ◽  
Adelaide Conti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Italian Provinces

Background: In the past twenty years, the fight against sexual violence has become a common goal of the entire European Union, due to a greater socio-cultural awareness of the population and the need to create guidelines for common action. Italian Law no. 66 of February 15, 1996 regarding the “Rules against sexual violence” which, with the appropriate amendments, is still in force today, defines 3 types of sexual offenses through the articles 609 of the Penal Code. Design and Methods: This study analyzes the cases relating to one of the hospitals in Northern Italy, during the decade January 2010 - December 2019, relating to suspected/reported cases of sexual violence, group sexual violence and sexual acts with minors. This study was carried out by acquiring information relating to subjects who had been victims of a sexual crime through the analysis of the consultations drawn up by specialist medical staff in the submentioned hospital. These consultations are defined by specific medical protocols that must be activated every time a victim of a suspected sexual offense comes into the Emergency Room (ER). The data were processed with descriptive analyzes, the qualitative variables were synthesized with absolute and percentage frequencies, while the quantitative variables with mean and interpolation of the data, to identify a trend line. In order to hypothesize the possible future trend of the phenomenon, data were collected relating to the type of crime according to the Penal Code, gender and age of the victim. This article also outlines future directions for improving research. Results: Our data show that females, of any age, are the most affected in all sexual crimes, often share home with their aggressor, usually a man, and in most cases, they come to the medical observation without any lesion on their body. Conclusions: In order to provide a global vision of the situation and of the diffusion throughout the territory, studies like this one could be carried out in various Italian provinces. Besides, we hope that the high degree of commitment on the part of society and institutions in combating sexual violence, through information campaigns and incitements to report, will lead in a few years to a reduction in the number of victims of repeated violence (especially in family contexts) and, consequently, also in the total number of acts of violence that comes to the attention of the healthcare facilities. Finally, primary prevention of sexual violence must begin early because a substantial portion is experienced at a young age. It will be necessary to prevent these forms of violence with strategies that address known risk factors for perpetration (e.g., low family support, high poverty, low parental education, absent or single parenting, parental substance abuse, domestic violence, low caregiver warmth), by changing social norms and behaviors and by identifying protective factors that could be strengthened.

scholarly journals Pengalaman Orang Tua Sebagai Prediktor Pengetahuan, Sikap, Self Efficacy Orang Tua Dalam Edukasi Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
Crisdiansyah1 ◽  
Linda Suwarni ◽  
Selviana3 ◽  
Vidyastuti ◽  
Helfi Nolia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Design

Background: Parental education is important in preventing sexual violence against children. Parents need good knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy to educate their children, though their effectiveness is affected by various factors. Objective: This study aimed to predict the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of parents in education to prevent sexual violence in children. Methods: A quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was used. The sample is 400 parents who have children aged 12-17 years. Data was collected through direct interviews and analyzed using univariate and bivariate (Chi-Square test with 95% CI). Results: the experience of parents receiving education on preventing sexual violence against children correlate with knowledge (p-value = 0.012), attitude (p-value = 0.0000) and self-efficacy (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: The experience of parents helps predict knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in providing education to prevent sexual violence against children.)

scholarly journals The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Evidence-based Research Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Setti ◽  
Fabrizio Passarini ◽  
Gianluigi De Gennaro ◽  
Pierluigi Barbieri ◽  
Maria Grazia Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Italian Provinces

AbstractBackgroundAn epidemic model based only on respiratory droplets and close contact could not fully explain the regional differences in the spread of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 in Italy, which was fast and dramatic only in Lombardy and Po Valley. On March 16th 2020, we presented a Position Paper proposing a research hypothesis concerning the association between higher mortality rates due to COVID-19 observed in Northern Italy and the peaks of particulate matter concentrations, frequently exceeding the legal limit of 50 µg/m3 as PM10 daily averageMethodsTo assess environmental factors related to the spread of the COVID-19 in Italy from February 24th to March 13th (the date when the lockdown has been imposed over Italy), official daily data relevant to ambient PM10 levels were collected from all Italian Provinces between February 9th and February 29th, taking into account the average time (estimated in 17 days) elapsed between the initial infection and the recorded COVID positivity. In addition to the number of exceedances of PM10 daily limit value, we considered also population data and daily travelling information per each Province.ResultsPM10 daily limit value exceedances appear to be a significant predictor (p < .001) of infection in univariate analyses. Less polluted Provinces had a median of 0.03 infection cases over 1000 residents, while most polluted Provinces had a median of 0.26 cases over 1000 residents. Thirty-nine out of 41 Northern Italian Provinces resulted in the category with highest PM10 levels, while 62 out of 66 Southern Provinces presented low PM10 concentrations (p< 0.001). In Milan, the average growth rate before the lockdown was significantly higher than Rome (0.34 vs. 0.27 per day, with a doubling time of 2.0 days vs. 2.6), suggesting a basic reproductive number R0>6.0, comparable with the highest values estimated for China.

scholarly journals Potential role of particulate matter in the spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: first observational study based on initial epidemic diffusion

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e039338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Setti ◽  
Fabrizio Passarini ◽  
Gianluigi De Gennaro ◽  
Pierluigi Barbieri ◽  
Sabina Licen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Lag Period

ObjectivesA number of studies have shown that the airborne transmission route could spread some viruses over a distance of 2 meters from an infected person. An epidemic model based only on respiratory droplets and close contact could not fully explain the regional differences in the spread of COVID-19 in Italy. On March 16th 2020, we presented a position paper proposing a research hypothesis concerning the association between higher mortality rates due to COVID-19 observed in Northern Italy and average concentrations of PM10 exceeding a daily limit of 50 µg/m3.MethodsTo monitor the spreading of COVID-19 in Italy from February 24th to March 13th (the date of the Italian lockdown), official daily data for PM10 levels were collected from all Italian provinces between February 9th and February 29th, taking into account the maximum lag period (14 days) between the infection and diagnosis. In addition to the number of exceedances of the daily limit value of PM10, we also considered population data and daily travelling information for each province.ResultsExceedance of the daily limit value of PM10 appears to be a significant predictor of infection in univariate analyses (p<0.001). Less polluted provinces had a median of 0.03 infections over 1000 residents, while the most polluted provinces showed a median of 0.26 cases. Thirty-nine out of 41 Northern Italian provinces resulted in the category with the highest PM10 levels, while 62 out of 66 Southern provinces presented low PM10 concentrations (p<0.001). In Milan, the average growth rate before the lockdown was significantly higher than in Rome (0.34 vs 0.27 per day, with a doubling time of 2.0 days vs 2.6, respectively), thus suggesting a basic reproductive number R0>6.0, comparable with the highest values estimated for China.ConclusionA significant association has been found between the geographical distribution of daily PM10 exceedances and the initial spreading of COVID-19 in the 110 Italian provinces.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI SANKSI KEBIRI KIMIA DI INDONESIA DI TINJAU DARI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-164
Author(s):  
Endik Wahyudi ◽  
Gerry Gerry Joe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
The Government

The crime of sexual violence in Indonesia is increasing every year. Criminal penalties for perpetrators of sexual violence as stated in the Penal Code and Child Protection Act were considered ineffective until the Government issued The Replacement Government Regulation No. 1 of 2016 that applies criminal sanctions to perpetrators of sexual violence among others by chemically applying castration. This is the background to conducting normative research on the policy of chemicalbirth sanction formulations that apply in Indonesia today. His arrangement of chemical castration and rehabilitation as an additional punishment, to date has not been published, so the mechanisms and technicalities are unknown. In addition, interested sectors are not involved in the establishment of such rules resulting in rejection as executors.

scholarly journals Seeking Justice for Physical and Sexual Violence against Women in Lebanese Society

1970 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Mirella Abdel Sater McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
First Category

Violence against women has no definition in Lebanese law. Domestic violence, defined as violence happening within a household and between members of a family, is ruled by the general articles of the Lebanese Penal Code. The Lebanese Penal Code has only a very few articles punishing acts of violence that cause bodily harm or injury (Articles 554-559 - Legislative Decree 340/NI dated March 1, 1943). These articles address physical violence that can occur between any individuals, strangers or relatives, at any place, whether in the street, in a bar or anywhere else. Penalty categories for injuries range from six months to ten years in jail if the injury leads to disfigurement or mutilation. In the first category, the penalties are not applicable if the charges are dropped by the victim. Indeed, the absence of a special law prohibiting domestic violence in Lebanon makes this crime almost beyond punishment.

scholarly journals Do uzupełnienia

Probacja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Paulina Masłowska
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
The Subject

On 17 July 2017, the Act of 23 March 2017 amending the Act - Criminal Code, the Act on juvenile proceedings and the Act - Code of Criminal Procedure entered into force. The legislator's aim was to increase the level of protection of minors and the helpless due to physical or mental condition. The implementation of the indicated purpose took place by introducing changes to art. 53 § 2 of the Penal Code determining the circumstances affecting the sentence and by introduction of modifications in the scope of certain types of prohibited acts (Article: 156, 189, 207, 210, 211, 240 of the Penal Code). The article discusses issues related to the application of art. 240 of the Penal Code in the case of offenses committed to the detriment of minors. Then from article 240 of the Penal Code were selected and discussed prohibited acts, witch protecting minors under 15 years of age and those that protecting everyone against the most severe forms of physical and sexual violence. Further considerations focus on the analysis of issues related to the subject side of the crime, the assessment of the premises for promptness and reliable information, the circumstances abrogating criminal liability and doubts related to the application of art. 240 of the Penal Code by persons obliged to keep professional secrecy.

scholarly journals Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in northern Italy, July to August 2011

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gaibani ◽  
S Ambretti ◽  
A Berlingeri ◽  
M Cordovana ◽  
P Farruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Intensive Surveillance

Between July 2011 and August 2011, the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) gene was detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates obtained from six patients hospitalised in four healthcare facilities in northern Italy. The patient who had been hospitalised in New Delhi, India, from February to May 2011 and subsequently in the Bologna area, Italy, from May to July 2011, may have been the source of the outbreak. Our findings suggest ongoing spread of this carbapenem-resistance gene in Italy and highlight the need for intensive surveillance.

scholarly journals KEJAHATAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL (PERKOSAAN) DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF KRIMINOLOGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Dwi Kristiani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Research Approach

This study aims to describe and analyze in depth abaout sexual violence (rape) from persepektive of criminology. The methods that are in the form of normative research approach conceptually, with the study of documents as well as primary and secondary legal materials. Arrangements regarding crimes of sexual violence (rape) subject to the provisions of Article 285 of the Penal Code which has elements that must be met, one of which is the absence of violence. Any element of violence is an element that distinguishes the crime of rape with another morality set forth in Penal Code. In the perspective of criminology that really is not an element of violence that will be the main point, but the element of consent. Elements of consent is a decisive and qualify an act as rape or not. In addition,it also examined the factors causing crimes of sexual violence (rape) and mitigation efforts.

Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242
Author(s):  
Celeste Domsch ◽  
Lori Stiritz ◽  
Jay Huff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

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