scholarly journals La conciencia del médico y el respeto a la vida humana Juan Pablo II y el Juramento de Hipócrates

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Herranz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Collective Ethos ◽  
Main Message

Para analizar el pensamiento de Juan Pablo II sobre la conciencia del médico y el respeto ético a la vida humana, el autor ha elegido como punto de referencia las alusiones que el Papa hizo al Juramento de Hipócrates, en sus discursos, cartas y encíclicas; y las ha agrupado, de acuerdo con su contenido, en torno a las dos versiones clásicas del Juramento: la original pagana y la versión cristiana. Juan Pablo II concedió al Juramento un apoyo entusiasta y lo citó con frecuencia en su Magisterio. Veía en él una conjunción armónica de los principios de la ética natural con los ideales de la vocación médica, que había servido de referente ético a los médicos durante siglos. La fidelidad al Juramento consolidó en la conciencia colectiva y profesional de los médicos el respeto a la vida humana. Fue preocupación del Papa señalar que el Juramento no deriva de una ética de prohibiciones. Decir no a la destrucción de la vida humana impone el deber de decir sí a las rectas virtualidades que encierran la atención sanitaria y la investigación biomédica. Ese es un importante mensaje del Juramento para el médico de hoy, especialmente para el médico cristiano. El Juramento no induce en sus seguidores actitudes negativistas o timoratas. Obliga, por el contrario, ayudar al enfermo “según mi capacidad y mi juicio”, esto es, a actuar con todo el empeño de la responsabilidad profesional. Juan Pablo II insistía en de la necesidad que los médicos tienen de una conciencia generosa y desinteresada. En cierto modo, el Juramento protege contra el riesgo de limitar el esfuerzo ético. ---------- To analyze John Paul II’s teachings on doctor’s conscience and ethical respect for human life, the Author has excerpted and commented on the texts alluding to the Hippocratic Oath present in the Pope’s discourses, letters and encyclicals. The chosen texts have been grouped, according to their contents, around the two classic versions of the Oath: the pagan original and the Christian version. John Paul II awarded the Oath an enthusiastic support, and frequently quoted it in his speeches and writings. He perceived in the Oath a harmonic amalgamation of the principles of sound natural ethics with the human ideals of the medical calling. Along many centuries the Oath served to physicians as a ethical compass, and helped to consolidate in the collective ethos of the profession a deep conscience of respecting human life. The Pope insisted in the notion that the Oath is not the expression of a forbidding or negativist ethos. On the contrary, the Oath’s prohibitions lead, as do the negative moral precepts of the Decalogue, to an affirmative promotion of life. In medicine, to oppose an absolute “no” to kill engenders the duty to tell “yes” to the immense possibilities of health care and research. This is the main message the Oath sends today to doctors. The injunction of helping the sick according doctor’s ability and judgment must awake in doctors an enhancing of personal and collective responsibilities and a search of new ways to serve life. In some way, the Oath protects doctors against the risk of unduly limiting their ethical efforts.

scholarly journals Maintaining fair and efficient health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Theoretical context and practical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Milionis ◽  
Maria Ntzigani ◽  
Stella Olga Milioni ◽  
Ioannis Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Community Health Systems ◽  
Health Care Efficiency ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Practical Implications

Coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory infection that has evolved to a pandemic with an enormous burden both on human life and health care. States throughout the world have pursued strategies to restrict the transmission of the virus in the community. Health systems have a crucial dual role as they are at the frontline of the fight against the pathogen and at the same time they must continue to offer emergency and routine health services. The provision of health care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic finds certain barriers. The simultaneous protection of both universal health coverage and health care efficiency is a difficult task due to conflicting challenges of these two goals. Key actions need to be decided and implemented in the fields of health policy, operation of health services, and clinical interaction between health personnel and patients, so that health care continues to perform its mission in a sustainable manner. As the scientific community prepares for the widespread production and application of effective protective and therapeutic agents against COVID-19, it is vital for the general population to remain safe and for the health systems to survive. Allocation of resources and priority setting need to be applied fairly and efficiently for the achievement of the maximum benefit.

Virtual learning solutions in COVID-19 era: University Italian Ophthalmology department perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110155
Author(s):  
Carla Enrica Gallenga ◽  
Luca Agnifili ◽  
Rossella D’Aloisio ◽  
Lorenza Brescia ◽  
Lisa Toto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Virtual Learning ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Surgical Simulator ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
Initial Results

Introduction: Few months after the COVID-19 pandemic burst, many aspects of the human life, including education, dramatically changed. Because of the lockdown measures taken to limit the virus spread in Italy, in-person teaching and learning have been interrupted in all health care disciplines and readapted in virtual formulae. Methods: As academic ophthalmology departments, we had to maintain the educational needs of medical and orthoptic students, internships, surgical training of residents, as well as to cover the scientific update of health care personnel (HCPs), and the continuation of research and academic activities. To assure these needs we ideated an educational strategy and a team, which was then translated on a multichannel virtual platform created with Microsoft Teams. Results: In this platform there were 21 channels organized in a public view mode, open to all Team members, or in private view mode to separate non-permanent HCPs, internships, residents, and students’ tasks, from permanent HCPs tasks. Virtual channels were dedicated to provide theoretical lessons, clinical cases, surgical video, internal meetings and webinar, to offer news from scientific societies, requests of appointments from biomedical companies, links with ophthalmological websites, to move forward research projects, to participate at institutional academic duties, and to obtain feedbacks from users. Residents continued their training on surgery using a surgical simulator, after consulting an agenda uploaded into the dedicated virtual channel. Conclusion: These positive initial results should represent a boost to rapidly proceed with the development of even more versatile virtual learning solutions, given that the forecasts for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic are not encouraging.

Protecting Patient Goals in Palliative Care and Hospice

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Marie T. Hilliard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Patient Goals

Palliative care and hospice, while distinct programs, are quite often given to the same individuals. The complexities of achieving goal-oriented care often lead to utilitarian ethics in health care, particularly as societal respect for human life and dignity weakens. This article examines these complexities with a particular emphasis on ensuring personalized care from physicians who know the goals of the patient.

scholarly journals An Awakening Alarm for Dental Professionals in Pandemic of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1098-1101
Author(s):  
Aditi Vinay Chandak ◽  
Surekha Dubey Godbole ◽  
Tanvi Rajesh Balwani ◽  
Tanuj Sunil Patil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New York Times ◽  
World Health ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Ecosystem, which consists of the physical environment and all the living organisms, on which we all depend, is declining rapidly because of its destruction caused by humans. It’s a two-way relationship between the humans and mother nature. If we destroy the natural environment around us, human life will be seriously affected, and the life of next generation will be endangered unless serious steps are taken. One such effect of human overexploitations has come in the form of coronavirus outbreak. Coronavirus, a contagious disease of 2019 known as Covid-19, is the latest swiftly spreading global infection. The aetiology of Covid-19 is different from SARS-CoV which has the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but it has the same host receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The novel coronavirus which is zoonotic (spreading from an animal to a human) and mainly found in the bats and pangolins is a single stranded ribonucleic acid virus of Coronaviridae family. 1 The typical structure of 2019-nCoV possessed ‘spike protein’ in the membrane envelope, also expressed various polyproteins, nucleoproteins and membrane protein. The S protein binds to the receptor cell of host to facilitate the entry of virus in the host. Currently four genera for coronavirus are found α-CoV, ßCoV, γ-CoV, δ-CoV. SARS-CoV first originated in Wuhan, China and has spread across the globe. World Health Organization (WHO) and public health emergency of international concern declared it as 2019 - 2020 pandemic disease.2 According to WHO report, (7th April 2020) update on this pandemic coronavirus disease, there have been more than 13,65,004 confirmed cases and 76,507 deaths across the world and these figures are rapidly increasing. Therefore, actions for proper recognition, management and its prevention must be prompted for relevant alleviation of its outspread.3 Health care professionals are mainly indulged in the national crises and are working diligently around-the-clock, small ratio of the health care workers have become affected and few died tragically. Dentists are most often the first ones to be affected because they work with patients in close proximity. On 15th March 2020, the New York Times published an article titled “The workers who face the greatest Coronavirus risk” described the dentists are highly exposed, than the paramedical staffs and general physicians, to the risk of novel coronavirus disease 19.4

scholarly journals Some aspects of means of individualization on the market of medical and pharmaceutical services

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Olena Ponomarova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Name

Ponomarova O. Some aspects of means of individualization on the market of medical and pharmaceutical services. The article deals with some aspects of means of individualization in the market of medical and pharmaceutical services. Of particular importance is the identification of goods or services in the field of health care, in conditions of high competition in the pharmaceutical and medical markets, is for patients who consume (use) the product or service of this manufacturer, because brand awareness will not allow the patient to confuse one drug with another. Confusion in the names of medicines is quite common, but such confusion can lead to the appointment, purchase and use of a medicine with a similar name, which can have threatening consequences for human life and health.In the market of medical and pharmaceutical services, in most cases, we trace such means of individualization of participants in economic activities as trade names and trademarks (signs for goods and services). Individualization tools on the one hand individualize the entrepreneur (manufacturer) from a number of other participants in the market of medical and pharmaceutical services, and on the other - are a link between the manufacturer of the drug and the patient or between the doctor (health care facility / clinic) and the patient. A trade name is a designation under which an entity may act in a business relationship. Trademarks intended to identify and individualize the goods (services) of the manufacturer (provider) are usually associated with the name of the doctor who provides medical services or with the name of the medicinal product under which the medicinal product enters into commercial circulation and is sold on market of medical and pharmaceutical goods.There are many lawsuits regarding the similarity of the trade name of a medicinal product to another. In Ukraine, the owner of a trademark for a medicinal product may apply for protection of his rights against unfair competition to the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and to the court for protection of infringed intellectual property rights to the mark.Companies that manufacture medicines in the process of creating a new drug name must remember that the main function of the brand name of the drug is to protect patients from misleading them, as well as to prevent medical errors due to the similarity of drug names, which can lead to to risks to life and health of patients. At the same time, the correctly and successfully chosen trade name of the drug plays an important commercial and legal role in the implementation of pharmaceutical companies in the market of medicines.Key words: means of individualization, trademark, medicine, pharmacy, intellectualproperty

scholarly journals The Application of Mathematical Modeling in Building of Social and Environmental Competence of Future Technical Specialists in the Health Care Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Elena Chekanushkina ◽  
Elena Ryabinova ◽  
Diera Pirova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Events

The paper considers building of social and environmental competence of future technical specialists. It shows that health care competence building is becoming more pressing issue each year. Behavioral patterns are formed in the process of training, upbringing and observing people around. They allow forming the ability or readiness to use the acquired interdisciplinary knowledge in professional activities related to health, safety of human life, as well as in the process of studying such disciplines as the “Elective Courses on Physical Education and Sports” and “Physical Education and Sports”. The patterns offer the possibility to develop a behavioral socio-ecological algorithm efficiently. In pedagogy and didactic processes, mathematical modeling is aimed at clarifying phenomena that are not amenable to experiment or unobservable as well as patterns of education for the development of efficient teaching technologies. The paper considers mathematical descriptions of the models for formation, interaction and efficiency of various target groups exemplified by Nordic walking, indoor soccer and interdisciplinary teams. It shows the dependence of student group population on an activity and quantitative composition of potential participants of sports group. This mathematical model is also applicable for building socioecological competence of future technical specialists in the framework of participation in interdisciplinary projects, research activities, Olympiads, social and environmental events that contribute to the assimilation of socio-ecological patterns of behavior, the condition for the development of which is the unity of cognitive and practical activities in the process of studying at the university. The paper includes the interim experiment results.

Avoidance of Killing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Veatch ◽  
Amy Haddad ◽  
E. J. Last
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Withholding Treatment ◽  
Moral Consideration ◽  
Withdrawing Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Outcome

Avoidance of killing is a moral consideration that arises in health care controversies involving the notions that human life is sacred or that killing is morally wrong. Pharmacists may find themselves in positions where they must reconcile the idea that generally killing is a harm to be avoided based on the principle of nonmaleficence with the idea that death might be perceived by a particular patient as a beneficial outcome. This chapter explores the principle of avoidance of killing, highlights differences between active, merciful killing and decisions to forgo treatment, and discusses the concept of proportionality. The cases presented involve topics such as withholding treatment and withdrawing treatment and direct versus indirect killing.

Sind Marktpreise gerecht?

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Michel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Right To Health Care ◽  
The Right ◽  
Full Protection

AbstractThis article objects to two major economistic shortcomings of Philippe Van Parijs’s Real Freedom for All: (1) Van Parijs claims that market prices are the best metric for equal real freedom. This is challenged. Market prices admittedly are the best instrument for distributive purposes at hand. They are, however, a means of transport for supply and demand contingendes. Hence market prices are to be considered as an insufficient metric for equal freedom. (2) Van Parijs claims that Real Freedom for All is all there is to social justice. This claim is rejected. Despite its demanding egalitarian ambition, Real Freedom for All fails to protect a flourishing human life. Basic human rights like the right to social recognition and, in part, the right to health care are violated. Curiously even the right to autonomy is in want of full protection. These lacks are caused by the monetarism and the Straightforward market optimism of Real Freedom for All.

Challenging some myths about the right to life at the end of life. 1: Not an absolute right

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Health Care Context ◽  
The Right

This article, and a related one in the next issue, investigates some myths surrounding the application of the right to life at the end of life. The present article focuses upon the myth that the right to life is an absolute right, always requiring the preservation of life. It identifies three distinct situations in which state authorities may be justified in declining to take intervening action in order to save a life. It argues that the right to life encompasses recognition of the impossibility and undesirability of preserving human life in all circumstances and that recognition of this fact will render the right more useful in a health-care context.

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