scholarly journals Role of community nurses in the prevention of tuberculosis in the Tshwane Health District of Gauteng

Curationis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphiwe D. Mnisi ◽  
Mmapheko D. Peu ◽  
Salomé M. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurses ◽  
South African ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health District ◽  
Short Course

The objectives of this study were to identify the role of community nurses in the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and to identify problems experienced by them when fulfilling this role in the Tshwane Health District of Gauteng. A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative research design method was used to collect data from community nurses. The sample included 59 registered nurses who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data and quantitative data analysis methods were employed. Various opinions and ideas on the role of community nurses in the prevention of TB and the problems experienced were identified. Based on the results of this research, measures to protect community nurses from contracting TB whilst on duty should be a priority. Government should support TB programmes by providing money to non-governmental organisations and direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) supporters to make follow-up visits to patients possible, thus reducing the number of defaulters. Stringent measures should be taken at all border points to ensure that foreigners are screened for TB, multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drugresistant TB. This study was limited to community nurses in the Tshwane Health District of Gauteng who were registered with the South African Nursing Council (SANC) and therefore this study could not be generalised to registered nurses in the hospital setting or even to clinics in the rest of South Africa.

Social Advertising As A Socialization Factor Of The Contemporary Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Marcela Göttlichová
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Advertising Agencies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
Primary Socialization ◽  
And Training

The study focuses on the growing problem of the contemporary society which we may observe in the increasing impact of the media, namely advertising, reflecting in the consumer behavior of the contemporary youth influencing their value systems, in continuity with a significant weakening of the role of primary socialization factors, i.e. families and schools. The study should not only reveal the power of the media affecting the young but also to answer the question of whether social advertising can become a significant socializing factor in the current postmodern society. To find the answer, an extensive quantitative research was carried out in 1,080 primary school respondents, as well as in 1,080 secondary school respondents at 54 schools in the Czech Republic - the sample being directly proportional for girls x boys, and towns/cities x villages. The study also includes conclusions based on the follow-up qualitative research realized in the form of focus groups for pupils of primary and secondary schools, specifically aimed at specifying the effectiveness of social advertising according to the priority presentation of different socially problematic areas. The final part of the study presents the possibility to effectively use social advertising in the role of an educational and training agent in the system of primary and secondary education in the continuity of cooperation with university students with the focus on marketing communications, as well as with marketing employees of advertising agencies.

scholarly journals MANAGERS’ INFLUENCE ON COMPANY CAPABILITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA C. N. COSTA ◽  
SHIRLEI M. CAMARGO ◽  
ANA M. M. TOALDO ◽  
SIMONE R. DIDONET
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Marketing Capability ◽  
Human Element ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to verify the moderating role of managers’ characteristics, age, and tenure (time in the sector, position, company), in the relation between the realized absorptive capacity (RACAP) and the architectural marketing capabilities (CAM). Originality/value: The present study considers the human element as a factor that affects the relations between the capacities of the company. It contributes theoretically to help understand what can impact the formulation and implementation of marketing strategies and theoretically strengthen the role of the human element. As a practical contribution, it has been shown that it is not enough to seek external knowledge, it is necessary that it is transformed and then used effectively in the design and implementation of marketing strategies. Design/method/approach: Quantitative research, with transverse temporal data collection. This study empirically tested the hypotheses based on a sample of 343 marketing managers from Brazilian manufacturing industries. Data were collected through a survey. Data were processed by means of modeling of structural equations in AMOS software. Findings: The characteristics of managers (age and tenure) moderate the relationship between a part of RACAP (knowledge transformation) and CAM (architectural marketing capability). More experienced managers should be valued because it has been proven that in this sector, they make a difference when it comes to transforming knowledge and using it in their strategies.

scholarly journals ESBL plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae: diversity, transmission, and contribution to infection burden in the hospital setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hawkey ◽  
Kelly L Wyres ◽  
Louise M Judd ◽  
Taylor Harshegyi ◽  
Luke Blakeway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Additional Strain ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Background Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, often mediated by extended–spectrum beta–lactamases (ESBLs), is a considerable issue in hospital-associated infections as few drugs remain for treatment. ESBL genes are often located on large plasmids that transfer horizontally between strains and species of Enterobacteriaceae and frequently confer resistance to additional drug classes. While plasmid transmission is recognised to occur in the hospital setting, the frequency and impact of plasmid transmission on infection burden, compared to ESBL+ strain transmission, is not well understood. Methods We sequenced the genomes of clinical and carriage isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex from a year long hospital surveillance study to investigate ESBL burden and plasmid transmission in an Australian hospital. Long term persistence of a key transmitted ESBL+ plasmid was investigated via sequencing of ceftriaxone resistant isolates during four years of follow–up, beginning three years after the initial study. Results We found 25 distinct ESBL plasmids. One (Plasmid A, carrying blaCTX–M–15 in an IncF backbone similar to pKPN–307) was transmitted at least four times into different Klebsiella species/lineages and was responsible for half of all ESBL episodes during the initial one-year study period. Three of the Plasmid A–positive strains persisted locally 3–6 years later, and Plasmid A was detected in two additional strain backgrounds. Overall Plasmid A accounted for 21% of ESBL+ infections in the follow–up period. Conclusions Whilst ESBL plasmid transmission events were rare in this setting, they had a significant and sustained impact on the burden of ceftriaxone resistant and multidrug resistant infections.

scholarly journals The application of psychometric tests in human resource management

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-307
Author(s):  
R. P. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Labour Legislation

Psychometric tests are widely used as aids in occupational decisions, including the selection and classification of human resources. Recent and ongoing developments in South African labour legislation, especially the implications of the Employment Equity Act, highlight once again the importance of validating all instruments used for assessment and selection purposes. This is a follow-up study, reporting on an investigation into psychometric testing in industry today. Information was gathered to establish which psychometric tests are presently used, and for what purpose. Biographical information on each company concerned is supplied, including the number of employees. The role of psychometric tests in the selection procedure is discussed, as well as the levels at which the tests were applied. The various tests used, as well as the users, are indicated, and comments, recommendations and shortcomings discussed.

scholarly journals Early Short-Course Corticosteroids in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 2114-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raef Fadel ◽  
Austin R Morrison ◽  
Amit Vahia ◽  
Zachary R Smith ◽  
Zohra Chaudhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Median Hospital

Abstract Background There is no proven antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease progression associated with the proinflammatory host response prompted us to examine the role of early corticosteroid therapy in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Methods We conducted a single pretest, single posttest quasi-experiment in a multicenter health system in Michigan from 12 March to 27 March 2020. Adult patients with confirmed moderate to severe COVID were included. A protocol was implemented on 20 March 2020 using early, short-course, methylprednisolone 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day divided in 2 intravenous doses for 3 days. Outcomes of standard of care (SOC) and early corticosteroid groups were evaluated, with a primary composite endpoint of escalation of care from ward to intensive care unit (ICU), new requirement for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. All patients had at least 14 days of follow-up. Results We analyzed 213 eligible subjects, 81 (38%) and 132 (62%) in SOC and early corticosteroid groups, respectively. The composite endpoint occurred at a significantly lower rate in the early corticosteroid group (34.9% vs 54.3%, P = .005). This treatment effect was observed within each individual component of the composite endpoint. Significant reduction in median hospital length of stay was also observed in the early corticosteroid group (5 vs 8 days, P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated an independent reduction in the composite endpoint at 14-days controlling for other factors (adjusted odds ratio: 0.41; 95% confidence interval, .22 – .77). Conclusions An early short course of methylprednisolone in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 reduced escalation of care and improved clinical outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04374071.

scholarly journals Intra-abdominal Infections: The Role of Anaerobes, Enterococci, Fungi, and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Marcus ◽  
Samuel Levy ◽  
Ghaleb Salhab ◽  
Bethlehem Mengesha ◽  
Oran Tzuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) constitute a common reason for hospitalization. However, there is lack of standardization in empiric management of (1) anaerobes, (2) enterococci, (3) fungi, and (4) multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). The recommendation is to institute empiric coverage for some of these organisms in “high-risk community-acquired” or in “healthcare-associated” infections (HCAI), but exact definitions are not provided. Methods Epidemiological study of IAI was conducted at Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (May–November 2013). Logistic and Cox regressions were used to analyze predictors and outcomes of IAI, respectively. The performances of established HCAI definitions to predict MDRO-IAI upon admission were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results After reviewing 8219 discharge notes, 253 consecutive patients were enrolled (43 [17%] children). There were 116 patients with appendicitis, 93 biliary infections, and 17 with diverticulitis. Cultures were obtained from 88 patients (35%), and 44 of them (50%) yielded a microbiologically confirmed IAI: 9% fungal, 11% enterococcal, 25% anaerobic, and 34% MDRO. Eighty percent of MDRO-IAIs were present upon admission, but the area under the ROC curve of predicting MDRO-IAI upon admission by the commonly used HCAI definitions were low (0.73 and 0.69). Independent predictors for MDRO-IAI were advanced age and active malignancy. Conclusions Multidrug-resistant organism-IAIs are common, and empiric broad-spectrum coverage is important among elderly patients with active malignancy, even if the infection onset was outside the hospital setting, regardless of current HCAI definitions. Outcomes analyses suggest that empiric regimens should routinely contain antianaerobes (except for biliary IAI); however, empiric antienterococcal or antifungals regimens are seldom needed.

scholarly journals Military Sexual Trauma Survivor Preferences for Provider Gender and Associations with Mental Health Evaluation Attendance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minden Sexton ◽  
RaeAnn Elizabeth Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Military Sexual Trauma ◽  
Gender Preference ◽  
Attendance Rate ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Follow Up Care

This study seeks to explore the role of preference in provider gender for treatment-seeking, survivors of military sexual trauma (MST) in a Midwestern VHA hospital setting. The subjects were one hundred ninety-seven veterans enrolled in care who endorsed a history of MST and agreed to referral for follow-up care related to concerns associated with their experiences. Patients indicated their preference, if any, for provider gender. Overall, 47.2% of participants requested a female clinician, less than 1% requested a male clinician (this group not further analyzed), and the remainder had no gender preference. Among women, 53.5% requested a female provider in contrast with 29.4% of men. The patient gender difference in provider gender preference was significant with a small-to-medium effect. The rate of attendance at evaluation appointments was 73.6%. Attendance rates were 74.6% and 70.6% for women and men respectively. Requesting a female provider was associated with an 80.2% attendance rate while those indicating no gender preference demonstrated a 67.6% attendance rate. This comparison was statistically significant though the magnitude of the effect was small. Incorporation of a screener for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms from a screener did not significantly improve the models or interact with gender and provider preferences.The findings of this study clarify gender preferences among those articulating a desire for MST-related care and that articulating a provider gender preference, rather than patient gender, is associated with improved chance of attending scheduled follow-up care. These findings have important policy and clinical implications for the potential role of veteran preference in augmenting liaison to care.

Fast track to cricket: occupational therapists in hospital palliative medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002970
Author(s):  
Mary Miller ◽  
Rebecca Ford ◽  
Bronwen Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital

The role of occupational therapy in palliative care has been described and unique contributions have been highlighted. This case report describes the support provided by specialist palliative care occupational therapists (OTs) for a patient in an emergency department in a large teaching hospital. This support enabled the patient to return home to die and enabled him to achieve his most important goal, watching ‘The Ashes’ on television.Having specialist palliative care OTs in an acute setting has not been described. Their presence as part of the team helps mitigate the risk of urgent discharge as the specialist OTs provide continuity of care from the hospital setting to follow-up in the community. They help support families in providing care for their dying relative. Communication skills training is vital for the specialist OTs enabling honest and timely conversations including the documentation of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation discussions.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) outcome at long-term follow-up and the role of elective neurosurgical approach: A report of 22 cases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Menegazzo ◽  
Melissa Rosa Rizzotto ◽  
Martina Bua ◽  
Luisa Pinello ◽  
Elisabetta Tono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up
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