scholarly journals Matthew as marginal scribe in an advanced agrarian society

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Duling
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Cultural Marginality

Analysis of 22 references to scribes in the Gospel of Matthew shows that a few of them are positive comments and that  the author himself was a scribe.   What type of scribe was he and how can we clarify his social context? By means of the models of Lenski and Kautsky, by recent research about scribes, literacy, and power, and by new marginality theory, this article extensively refines Saldarini’s hypothesis that the scribes were “retainers”. The thesis is that in “Matthew’s” Christ-believing group, his scribal profession and literacy meant power and socio-religious status. Yet, his voluntary association with Christ believers (“ideological marginality”), many of whom could not participate in social roles expected of them (“structural marginality”), led to his living between two historical traditions, languages, political  loyalties, moral codes, social rankings, and ideological-religious sympathies (“cultural marginality”). The Matthean author’s cultural marginality will help to clarify certain well-known literary tensions in the Gospel of Matthew.  

Negotiating Boundaries Between Gender and Social Identities in the Principality of Samos: The Case of Divorces (1902–1911)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Vasilios Gialamas ◽  
Sofia Iliadou Tachou ◽  
Alexia Orfanou
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

This study focuses on divorces in the Principality of Samos, which existed from 1834 to 1912. The process of divorce is described according to the laws of the rincipality, and divorces are examined among those published in the Newspaper of the Government of the Principality of Samos from the last decade of the Principality from 1902 to 1911. Issues linked to divorce are investigated, like the differences between husbands and wives regarding the initiation and reasons for requesting a divorce. These differences are integrated in the specific social context of the Principality, and the qualitative characteristics are determined in regard to the gender ratio of women and men that is articulated by the invocation of divorce. The aim is to determine the boundaries of social identities of gender with focus on the prevailing perceptions of the social roles of men and women. Gender is used as a social and cultural construction. It is argued that the social gender identity is formed through a process of “performativity”, that is, through adaptation to the dominant social ideals.

Nutopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Yael Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
John Lennon ◽  
Yoko Ono

This chapter discusses the establishment of Nutopia, a borderless state anyone can voluntarily join, founded by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It argues that a borderless world is far from ideal; it can be neither democratic nor just. The chapter also analyzes how a social contract eroded the rationality of transgenerational commitments, as the children of those who now invest in structuring some institution or another will grow up, be educated, mature, and age in another social context. It asserts that Nutopia is an attractive vision for those who do not depend on the existence of a social network for either their security or their livelihood. The chapter then shifts to examine the concept of borders and the movement across borders. It argues that all solutions presuppose closure and some restricted degree of free movement — hence no society is a voluntary association of people gathering together out of their own free will.

scholarly journals Matthew and marginality

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis C. Duling
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
The Real ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Victor Turner ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sample Inventory

This article explores marginality theory as it was first proposed in  the social sciences, that is related to persons caught between two competing cultures (Park; Stonequist), and, then, as it was developed in sociology as related to the poor (Germani) and in anthropology as it was related to involuntary marginality and voluntary marginality (Victor Turner). It then examines a (normative scheme' in antiquity that creates involuntary marginality at the macrosocial level, namely, Lenski's social stratification model in an agrarian society, and indicates how Matthean language might fit with a sample inventory  of socioreligious roles. Next, it examines some (normative schemes' in  antiquity for voluntary margi-nality at the microsocial level, namely, groups, and examines how the Matthean gospel would fit based on indications of factions and leaders. The article ,shows that the author of the Gospel of Matthew has an ideology of (voluntary marginality', but his gospel includes some hope for (involuntary  marginals' in  the  real world, though it is somewhat tempered. It also suggests that the writer of the Gospel is a (marginal man', especially in the sense defined by the early theorists (Park; Stone-quist).

Beyond our origin: Adding social context to an explanation of sex differences in emotion expression

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotion Displays ◽  
Relational Framework

AbstractVigil's socio-relational framework of sex differences in emotional expressiveness emphasizes general sex differences in emotional responding, but largely ignores the social context in which emotions are expressed. There is much empirical evidence showing that sex differences in emotion displays are flexible and a function of specific social roles and demands, rather than a reflection of evolutionary-based social adjustments.

Intertextualidade e identidade social

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
André R. N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Ma Thesis

This paper analyses the discursive process of the press based on a social view of literacy. It attempts to show how the institution of the press constructs social roles and how a particular form of intertextuality is set to work. The texts which are analysed come from the MA thesis O discurso da imprensa sobre os militares (The discourse of the press about the Armed Forces, 1992). Five texts are analysed focussing on the category of intertextuality, on the immediate social context and on the context of culture. The paper tries to identify the social role of the Armed Forces in Brazil and how such a role is contructed by the press.

Real and imagined Greek women in Victorian perceptions of ‘1821’

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Despotopoulou ◽  
Efterpi Mitsi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Victorian Popular Culture

The article explores the reception of ‘1821’ in Victorian popular culture, focusing on the representation of Greek women in stories published in contemporary periodicals. The two dominant tropes of Greek womanhood that emerge in popular fiction and poetry published from the 1830s to the 1890s – the captive harem slave and the intrepid warrior – arouse sympathy for the enslaved women but also evoke liberal ideas on women’s national and social roles. These texts foreground the position of Greek women within a nineteenth-century social context and imbue in them virtues and conflicts such as radicalism, the enfranchisement of women and middle-class domesticity that concerned Britain as much as Greece. Greek women, as represented in these stories, construct a Victorian narrative of ‘1821’ and of the Greek nation that oscillates between familiarity and strangeness, freedom and enslavement, real and imaginary. These largely neglected texts challenge traditional definitions of philhellenism, which depended on the legacy of ancient Greece as justification for the cause of the country’s liberation, and instead construct new myths about Greece, participating in the discursive production of its national fantasy. They also provide the opportunity of reconsidering the cultural position of Modern Greece in the Victorian period beyond the division between Hellenism and Orientalism.

scholarly journals Social niche specialization under constraints: personality, social interactions and environmental heterogeneity

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1618) ◽  
pp. 20120343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Montiglio ◽  
Caterina Ferrari ◽  
Denis Réale
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Niche

Several personality traits are mainly expressed in a social context, and others, which are not restricted to a social context, can be affected by the social interactions with conspecifics. In this paper, we focus on the recently proposed hypothesis that social niche specialization (i.e. individuals in a population occupy different social roles) can explain the maintenance of individual differences in personality. We first present ecological and social niche specialization hypotheses. In particular, we show how niche specialization can be quantified and highlight the link between personality differences and social niche specialization. We then review some ecological factors (e.g. competition and environmental heterogeneity) and the social mechanisms (e.g. frequency-dependent, state-dependent and social awareness) that may be associated with the evolution of social niche specialization and personality differences. Finally, we present a conceptual model and methods to quantify the contribution of ecological factors and social mechanisms to the dynamics between personality and social roles. In doing so, we suggest a series of research objectives to help empirical advances in this research area. Throughout this paper, we highlight empirical studies of social niche specialization in mammals, where available.

Sociability: Personality, social context, and physical setting.

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gifford ◽  
Timothy M. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Physical Setting
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