Greenhouse gas emissions as sustainability indicators in agricultural sectors’ adaptation to climate change: Policy implications

New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly since 1990. This article examines how the fact of increasing emissions is discussed and given significance in New Zealand's national public discourse on climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions became a serious public concern on 17 June 2005, when the New Zealand government estimated a $307 million Kyoto Protocol liability in its 2005 financial statements. Conservative media coverage of this report emphasised governmental miscalculation, the financial liabilities generated by Kyoto Protocol regulations and a struggle between Climate Change Minister Peter Hodgson and industry voices over how to define the problem. This article links the arguments and discursive strategies used in the 17 June 2005 newspaper coverage of increasing greenhouse gas emissions to the institutional actors shaping New Zealand climate change policy. The increased effectiveness of industry challenges to government climate change policy is noted and discussed.

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Norwegian Tax System from the Point of View of Climate Change Policy

Equilibrium ◽

10.12775/equil.2014.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 71-92

Author(s):

Michał Ptak

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Tax ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Environmental Taxes ◽

The European Union ◽

Tax System ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Change Policy

Norway was the first country in the world to fix a carbon dioxide target. Norway was also one of the first countries to implement taxes to increase incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the paper is to analyse the role of environmental taxes in Norwegian climate policy. The author also examines the differences between the climate change policy measures in Norway and in the European Union countries, especially Poland.The first part of the paper contains an analysis of data on greenhouse gas emissions in Norway in the years 1990-2011. In the further sections of the paper the discussion is focused on the characteristics of Norwegian tax system and design of taxes used in Norway as instruments for addressing climate change. Particular attention is paid to the carbon tax, in force since 1991. The tax is responsible for large CO2 emission reductions. The paper is largely based on review of various reports, literature and websites on climate change policy, energy policy and transport policy in Norway.

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Female Directors and Carbon Information Disclosure: Evidence from China

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2021/7772601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Ren He ◽

Mingdian Zhou ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Qing Yang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Information Disclosure ◽

Positive Association ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Global Consensus ◽

Female Directors ◽

The Social

In recent years, natural disasters and public health events caused by global warming have occurred frequently around the world. It has become a global consensus to actively respond to climate change. Firms are the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. The disclosure of carbon information is one of the most important ways for firms to respond to climate change. The effect of female directors on carbon information disclosure is still unclear. Considering that China is the largest country in greenhouse gas emissions and the social status of females in China is different from western countries, this paper explores the effect of female directors on carbon information disclosure by firms in China. Based on the sample of listed Chinese firms in high carbon industries during the period of 2012–2017, our empirical results show that female directors have a positive association with carbon information disclosure. In addition, we find that the power, educational level, and financial background of female directors have positive impacts on firms’ carbon information disclosure. Our findings make a significant contribution to the ongoing debate on the role of female directors and provide new insights and policy implications for firms, regulators, and other stakeholders.

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Developing Green Cities: Explaining Variation in Canadian Green Building Policies

Canadian Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0008423916000846 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 621-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Urban Politics ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Organizational Capacity ◽

Green Building ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Local Climate ◽

Change Policy ◽

Local Climate Change

AbstractBuildings produce a large proportion of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions and municipalities control a number of policy levers that can help to reduce those emissions. This article explains variation among Canadian cities regarding policies adopted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with a particular focus on green building standards. By applying insights from the study of the politics of public policy to urban politics, this article finds that while electoral disincentives prevent most cities from enacting high impact green building policies, the success of some cities can be attributed to the influence of independent municipal environment departments. These departments facilitate policy learning by providing information and resources. The findings suggest that policy makers could improve the effectiveness of local climate change policy by creating municipal environment departments that have organizational capacity—funding, staff, and a cross-cutting mandate—and are insulated from interference from politicians and line departments.

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Proposal for the Construction of a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Monitoring System for the ABC Plan—Sectoral Plan for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change for the Consolidation of a Low Carbon Agriculture Economy

Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Agriculture ◽

10.1201/b18652-6 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 69-92

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation

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Synthesis of Climate Change Policy in Judicial, Executive, and Legislative Branches of U.S. Government

PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies ◽

10.5130/portal.v8i3.1717 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Brinkmann ◽

Sandra Jo Garren

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

United States ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

The United States ◽

Court System ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The U.S

In recent years, the United States has struggled to develop a comprehensive policy for climate change and concomitant greenhouse gas emissions that addresses the current scientific thinking on the topic. The absence of any clear legislative or executive approach dominated national discussions and the court system was used to litigate a variety of issues associated with global warming. This paper synthesizes actions taken in the three branches of government prior to and immediately following the Obama election. In the Judicial branch, several branches of law have been used to force government and private parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the historic greenhouse gas lawsuit, Massachusetts et al. v. the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), and under the direction of the Obama administration, the U.S. EPA has taken significant action to regulate greenhouse gases. In the legislative branch, a comprehensive energy and climate bill passed the House of Representatives and comparable and alternate energy and climate bills were debated in the Senate indicating hope for legislation in the 111th Congress. However, these bills proved to be unsuccessful, therefore leaving the U.S. EPA and the courts the only options for national climate policy in the near future.

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Establishment of educational module “Climate Change” in the University of Liepaja

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 545

Author(s):

Ivars Javaitis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Distance Education ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Technical Equipment ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Educational Module

<p>Increase of awareness and high knowledge base of society in the field of climate change and environment in general in global and local ranges is vital to prevent future possible increase of climate changes in the world. In order to more involve society in prevention of future climate changes, national government has come up with National Climate Policy [1], which includes possibility for educational institutions such as University of Liepaja to develop educational programs, including lifelong and distance education programs. To achieve given objective, educational module “Climate Change” is created by University of Liepaja. Goal of this activity is to increase knowledge and capacity of governmental institutions, municipalities, scientific and educational institutions, private businesses, societies and foundations as well as separate members of society. Besides overall information on greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change, University of Liepaja concentrates more on practical questions, since, in our opinion, practical knowledge on how to use renewable resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions or even reuse them in industry will create larger impact on achieving the objective. Therefore University of Liepaja concentrates on following topics: practical use of different technical solutions in industry, technical equipment used in industry of renewable energy, technologies used to prevent greenhouse gas emissions and mathematical modeling of possible scenarios, when pollution occurs in populated areas. Developed materials will be available for society, especially for the members of the target group for educational purposes. Materials also can and will be used for distance education.</p>

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