scholarly journals The impact of employee remuneration inequalities on employee productivity in the South African workplace

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhardus Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
South African ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
The South ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Impact

Orientation: This article is part of an ongoing research project on various aspects of employee productivity in the South African workplace.Research purpose: The aim of this article is to determine firm-based employee productivity impacts as a result of employee remuneration inequalities (excess-remuneration and under-remuneration) in the South African workplace.Motivation for the study: The study focuses on understanding the impact and magnitude of employee remuneration inequalities on employee productivity in a unionised South African workplace.Research design: The article adopts two distinct estimation models. The aim of the additive multivariate linear estimation model is to determine the sign and the significance of the impact of both under- and excess-remuneration levels on employee productivity when employee characteristics such as levels of training, work experience and managerial involvement are considered. The second model is a fixed-effect panel data estimation where the full sample set of the relevant firm-based data is used. The aim of the panel data estimations is to estimate the robustness of the additive multivariate linear estimates. The manufacturing industry of Gauteng has been chosen as the case study, given the importance of this industry, in the gross geographical product of Gauteng province and the availability of firm-based data.Main findings: Estimation results indicate a strong and significant negative impact of under-remuneration on employee productivity levels. Excess-remuneration levels have a small positive impact on employee productivity levels.Practical/managerial implications: The estimations indicate the necessity to eliminate remuneration inequalities and opt for equalised remuneration structures for similar occupations in the market to enhance employee productivity levels.Contribution/value-added: The study contributes to our understanding of the impact of remuneration inequalities for similar occupations on employee productivity.

scholarly journals A Panel Data Analysis Model to Assess the Impact of Institutional Factors on Crop Diversification of Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
The Impact

The process of crop diversification is generally used in agriculture to mitigate both production and price risk. Crop diversification is a process through which farmers diversify his farm activities from one crop to different value added crops so that he minimizes the existing risk in his farm operation. Most of the studies in literature in context to crop diversification have identified different factors that influence crop diversification in their study area. However, very few studies have attempted to examine the impact of institutional factors on crop diversification at macro level by using district level panel data in Assam. Therefore, this study makes an attempt to examine the impact of institutional factors on crop diversification through panel analysis. To fulfill the objective of this paper secondary data have been collected from different issues of Statistical Hand Book of Assam, assamstate.com, RBI, etc. The overall results of this paper show that institutional factors like farm size have positive impact on crop diversification except institutional credit. Institutional credit has negative impact on crop diversification. This paper will definitely help to bring some policy changes in the macro level to optimize crop diversification in the region.

scholarly journals The impact of incentive schemes on employee productivity in the South African workplace

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhardus Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
The South ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Size Firm ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to determine the impact that various incentive schemes have on employee productivity in the South African workplace. A firm-based model is used to estimate the dimensional relationships (different skill levels, gender-mix, firm size, firm-sponsored training incentives) of the incentive scheme-employee productivity link. The main conclusions of the study are, firstly, that finance-based incentive schemes (especially performance-linked bonus schemes) have a greater positive impact on employee productivity for the higher-skilled segment, secondly, that non-financial incentives (especially consultative committee incentive schemes) have a greater positive impact on employee productivity for the lower-skilled segment, and, finally, that greater female participation in the workplace and the awarding of incentive schemes is important if general employee productivity is to be enhanced.

scholarly journals Determinants of Basmati Exports from Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Munwar Hayat ◽  
Raheela Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to estimate the impact of different factors of basmati exports from Pakistan to its trading partner. Results are obtained by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and panel data methodology with a sample of 22 countries for the period of 2003-2019. To estimate the impact of different variables on basmati exports Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model is used on the panel dataset. The results revealed that the inflation rate of Pakistan has a negative and significant effect on the export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. The exchange rate of Pakistan has a positive and significant impact on the basmati export, the population of Pakistan has a negative and significant impact on basmati export. Basmati production in Pakistan also has a significant and negative impact on basmati export. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan has a significant and positive impact on the basmati export while the GDP of the trading partner has a significant and negative impact on the basmati export. The dummy variable for joint border also has a positive and significant impact on basmati exports of Pakistan.

scholarly journals The South African wildlife ranching sector: A Social Accounting Matrix Leontief multiplier analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippus C. Cloete ◽  
Riaan Rosouw
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South African ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Multiplier Analysis ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Orientation: There is startlingly little economic research on the South African wildlife sector which contributes toward disputes regarding the economic contribution of the sector.Research purpose: The purpose of this article is to put into context the relative economic contribution of the wildlife ranching sector, as opposed to other land-use options in South Africa.Motivation for the study: Growth in the wildlife ranching sector at the cost of other traditional farming practices resulted in disagreements amongst various role players about the impact thereof on the national economy. The controversy can most probably be explained by different beliefs, coupled with the lack of a proper understanding and quantification of the wildlife ranching sector’s contribution toward the economy.Research methodology: The study employed a Social Accounting Matrix-based Leontief multiplier analysis for South Africa.Main findings: Results from the multiplier analysis revealed that developments within the wildlife ranching sector are likely to make a relatively more superior contribution towards the economy, especially when compared to similar land-use options such as extensive livestock production.Practical/managerial implications: It has been acknowledged by both academia and private sector that a major need exists for more research on the South African wildlife ranching industry, specifically looking at issues such as the industries, economic and social contributions, potentials and constraints. The research, therefore, contributes toward the depth of economic information and research regarding the South African wildlife sector.Contribution/value added: The research provides valuable information in dealing with the ‘popular belief’, especially amongst some of South Africa’s decision makers, namely, that growth in the wildlife ranching sector is not or does not have the ability to contribute significantly toward economic and socioeconomic factors.

THE IMPACT OF THE CHINESE TEXTILE IMPORTS ON EMPLOYMENT AND VALUE ADDED IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
LUMENGO BONGA-BONGA ◽  
MDUDUZI BIYASE
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Counterfactual Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Sign Restriction

With the increased trade linkage between China and African economies, this paper endeavours to assess the dynamic impacts of Chinese textile imports on employment and value added in the South African textile industry. This paper makes use of the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) methodology with sign restriction. Moreover, based on this methodology, this paper conducts a counterfactual analysis to uncover what would have happened to employment and value added trends in the South African textile industry in the absence of trade with China. The results of the empirical analysis show that total employment responds negatively to shocks to import from China. Moreover, the results of the counterfactual analysis show that the South African economy could perform better without textile imports from China.

scholarly journals Projectification in the South African mining industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smith ◽  
M.C. Bekker ◽  
C. Marnewick
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
South African ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Project Work ◽  
The South ◽  
Project Management Office ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Projects or project-orientated approaches have become a common form of work in nearly all sectors of economies. This has led to concepts such as 'projectified' and 'project orientated' organizations. By defining projectification of a company, industry, or economy as the share of project work in total work, one can reasonably determine the impact that project management, and by default projectification, has had on that company, industry, or economy in terms of staff optimization and allocation. This paper presents the results for such a projectification study of the South African mining industry. This sector has long been a significant contributor to the country's economy from a gross value added (GVA) and employment point of view. Understanding the impact of projectification and the project management way of work on this industry may potentially add significant value to both the mining and project management knowledge areas. We show that although the mining industry is considered by some to operate in archaic ways, the level of projectification has increased over time, and now represents approximately one third of all work conducted. Keywords: rojectification, mining projects, project management, project management office.

Industry perspectives on Malaysian hotel minimum wage issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Ann Selvaranee Balasingam ◽  
Kashif Hussain ◽  
Alwie Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the impact of the minimum wage order from the perspectives of two different stakeholders, namely, hotel managers and employees, in the Malaysian hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach For the study, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews from three managers and three employees from hotels in West Malaysia. Findings From the managers’ perspective, minimum wage implementation has resulted in managers adopting the best payment structure to reduce labour costs for the operators, deciding to reduce the service charge allocation to employees and having to deal with minimal improvement in employee productivity and motivation. In contrast, the positive impact from the managers’ perspective is lower turnover intentions and social justice for foreign workers. From the employees’ perspective, there is a rather negative impact – minimum wage policy has resulted in a minimal increase in the salary. From a positive perspective, employees said that they have experienced an improvement in living standards. Originality/value This research presents current responses from hotel participants regarding the latest wage increase impact, some six years after its implementation.

scholarly journals Impact of pharmaceutical companies upon the economy and public finance in Poland: The Sanofi case study

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Ewelina Nojszewska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses a two-channel impact of pharmaceutical companies upon the economy and public finance. Firstly, pharmaceutical companies predominantly impact the net value added, employment, income of people employed by their suppliers and customers as well as public finance revenue in the countries where they are based. The mechanisms of such an influence are presented in the input-output matrix (input-output analysis) that shows how output from one industrial sector in the economy may become an input to another industrial sector. The input-output model was developed by Leontief and earned him the Nobel Prize. This kind of influence upon the Polish economy has been illustrated with the case study of the Sanofi company. Secondly, pharmaceutical products improve the effectiveness of medical treatment, by which they contribute to the higher standard of living and economic growth.In this part of investigation into the impact of pharmaceutical companies upon the economy the key method consists in calculating indirect costs, that is, the lost productivity (lost GDP). Non-generated GDP as well as the negative impact of diseases and the treatment thereof on public finance can be significantly reduced by using more effective pharmaceutical products. This second channel through which pharmaceutical companies exert influence on the economy has been illustrated with an example of economic consequences calculated from the social viewpoint for three gynaecological–oncology diseases. Our calculations for both channels in this exercise have led us to conclude that a pharmaceutical company positively influences its business partners and the economy while by improving the health of the population it exerts a positive impact upon the economy and public finance.

scholarly journals How Does the Digital Economy Affect the Domestic Value-Added Rate of Chinese Exports?

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Yibing Ding ◽  
Hongyuan Zhang ◽  
Sitong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Traditional Economy

The digital economy continuously injects new momentum into the traditional economy and has become an important driving force for national economic development. Against this backdrop and using input-output data from the WIOD from 2002 to 2014, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the development of the digital economy on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese manufacturing industry exports and the mechanism underlying this relationship. The results show that (1) digital economic input significantly promotes growth in the domestic value-added rate of manufacturing industry exports, (2) digital economic input mainly increases the domestic value-added rate of intermediate-product exports, (3) digital input has a significant positive impact on the capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries, and (4) technological progress and cost reduction are important mechanisms through which the digital economy promotes the domestic value-added rate of exports.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Opening of Producer Services on the International Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11224
Author(s):  
Cuiping Yu ◽  
Decai Tang ◽  
Acheampong Paul Tenkorang ◽  
Brandon J. Bethel
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Producer Services ◽  
Producer Service ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

Countries participating in the international division of labor each try to occupy the industrial highlands, obtain competitive advantages, and promote sustainability of economic development. Based on Porter’s Diamond model, it is widely believed that producer services are vital to support the manufacturing industry. Consequently, this paper selects samples of 55 countries and uses data from 2010 to 2017 to empirically test the impact of producer service’s opening on the export competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. The results show that the opening of producer services in a country promotes the improvement of international competitiveness of manufacturing industry, and the improvement effect is more significant in developed countries than in developing countries. Additionally, the negative impact of foreign capital access restrictions on the export competitiveness of the manufacturing industry is greater than the positive impact of service trade opening. It is also found that the restrictions on foreign capital’s opening in the financial sector have the biggest negative impact on manufacturing exports than that of other divisions of the producer service industry. To improve national competitiveness, it is suggested that the integration of service and manufacturing industries should be enhanced and to decrease FDI access to financial and transportation services restrictions.

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