E-COMMERCE LIVE STREAMING – AN EMERGING INDUSTRY IN CHINA AND A POTENTIAL FUTURE TREND IN THE WORLD

With the widespread use of the Internet, many industries have developed rapidly. The economy based on the Internet poses a significant threat to the traditional economy. Live streaming plus e-commerce, which is acknowledged as the current global economic status, is the result of combing live streaming and various industries through the Internet. E-commerce live streaming is one of the most essential types of online live streaming. In this article, it is defined as the live streaming of the e-commerce platform used by Key Opinion Leaders or product sellers through the built-in live streaming function of the platform to propagate goods, brands, events, etc. to achieve goals of brand exposure and product sales. Compared with the traditional economic model, the combined model of e-commerce and live streaming has its advantages and characteristics. This kind of marketing tool is now prevalent. However, there are many deficiencies in e-commerce live streaming that need to be improved since the development of e-commerce is immature and supervision of Internet use is ongoing.

BASHKIR PROVERBS AS A SOURCE OF STUDING TRADITIONAL ECONOMY AND FOOD CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE

Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение отражения в паремическом наследии башкирского народа такой важной составляющей системы жизнеобеспечения, как традиционная пищевая культура, а также прошлых хозяйственных занятий народа. Многие башкирские пословицы дошли до нас из глубокой древности, некоторые появились несколько позднее, иные — даже ближе к нашему времени. В качестве основного источника нами использованы башкирские пословицы в переводе на русский язык из 7-го тома свода «Башкирское народное творчество» (Уфа, 1993); оригиналы пословиц на башкирском языке содержатся в издании «Башkорт халыk ижады» (Уфа, 1980). Значительный вклад в сбор и изучение паремического наследия башкир внесли дореволюционные и советские исследователи башкирского края, а также современные ученые-фольклористы. Среди них особо следует выделить доктора филологических наук Ф. А. Надршину, сфера научных интересов которой, в числе прочих вопросов, касалась и изучения паремического наследия башкирского народа. Из пословиц можно получить представление и о древнейших, допроизводственных видах хозяйственной деятельности башкир (охота, рыболовство, собирательство, в том числе собирательство меда диких пчел — бортничество), и о производящих — скотоводство, птицеводство, земледелие, садоводство и огородничество. Продукты питания, о которых упоминается в башкирских пословицах, можно условно разделить на несколько категорий — это продукты животного происхождения (мясо, молоко, яйца, рыба); растительная пища (крупы, злаки, овощи, дикие коренья и травы); а также мед, специи и т. д. Большое внимание в пословицах уделялось качеству продуктов; в них отображен и порядок приема пищи; гостеприимство народа, традиционные башкирские праздники и обряды, а также пища, приготовляемая к ним; пищевые табу, соблюдение которых было обязательным в башкирском обществе и т. д. Так, например, осуждалось пьянство; водка считалась причиной многих болезней и даже смерти. В народной среде было принято бережное, рачительное отношение к продуктам питания, что также нашло отражение в пословицах и поговорках. В далеком прошлом у башкир, как у многих других язычников, с пищей были связаны определенные культы и поверья. К тому же, сохранившиеся в народной памяти отголоски неурожайных голодных лет, дали значительный материал для появления пословиц о необходимости ценить еду. Исходя из анализа имеющихся материалов, можно еще раз подтвердить, что пословицы — это ценный источник для изучения истории башкирского народа, его духовной и материальной культуры. The purpose of this article is to consider the reflection in the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people of such an important component of the life support system as traditional food culture, as well as the past economic activities of the people. Many Bashkir proverbs originated come down to us from ancient times, some appeared a little later, others-even closer to our time. As the main source, we used Bashkir proverbs translated into Russian from volume 7 of the series “Bashkir folk Art” (Ufa, 1993); The originals of proverbs in the Bashkir language are contained in the publication “Bashkort Halyk Izhady” (Ufa, 1980). A significant contribution to the collection and study of the Bashkir paremic heritage was made by pre-revolutionary and Soviet researchers of the Bashkir territory, as well as modern folklore scientists. Among them, it is particularly necessary to highlight F. A. Nadrshina, whose sphere of scientific interests, among other issues, concerned the study of the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people. The food products mentioned in Bashkir proverbs can be divided into several categories: animal products (meat, milk, eggs); vegetable food (cereals, vegetables, wild roots and herbs); fish, honey, spices, as well as dishes prepared from them. Much attention was paid to the quality of products in the paremias; they also reflect the order of eating; the hospitality of the people, traditional Bashkir holidays and rituals, as well as food prepared for them; food taboos, the observance of which was mandatory in Bashkir society, etc. For example, drunkenness was condemned; vodka was considered the cause of many diseases and even death. Among the people, a careful, prudent attitude to food was promoted, which was also reflected in proverbs and sayings. In the distant past, the Bashkirs, like many other pagans, had certain cults and beliefs associated with food. In addition, the echoes of the lean famine years preserved in the people's memory also provided significant material for the appearance of proverbs about the need to appreciate food. Based on the analysis of the available materials, we can conclude that proverbs are a valuable source for studying the ethnography of Bashkirs, its spiritual and material culture.

The traditional economic culture of the Tatars in N.A. Khalikov’s works (in memory of the scholar and colleague)

The article highlights the main directions of scientific work of Nail Alfredovich Khalikov, a well-known Russian ethnographer who studied the life and traditional economy of the Tatars, the author of significant academic works on the ethnography of the people. The main research of the scientist is related to the collection and interpretation of ethnographic sources (expedition, museum, archival, visual) and preparation for publishing “Historical and Ethnographic Atlas of the Tatar People”, where he was the author and a permanent member of the editorial board. In the 1970s–2000s, rural settlements of the Volga-Ural Tatars (Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Bashkiria, Mari El, Kirov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanovsk, Perm, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk regions), then Astrakhan (Astrakhan, Saratov regions) and Siberian Tatars (Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk regions) were examined according to a special program developed by N.A. Khalikov. As a result of that work, a source base on traditional farming, including agriculture and folk crafts, as well as numerous monographs, publications in scientific collections, articles in the multi-volume “Tatar Encyclopedia” was created. Currently, N.A. Khalikov’s expedition materials (field diaries, photographs, sketches and drawings) have been partially digitized and are stored in the archive of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences.

An Economic System And Its Elements

An economic system is a set of interrelated elements that make up a common economic structure. It is common to distinguish 4 types of economic structures: traditional economy, command economy, market economy and mixed economy. The following article discusses all the four types of an economic system.

IMPERATIVES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The priority vector of development of many countries of the world is digital transformation and creation of a hypercompetitive digital economy. The key trend of modern global economic development in all countries of the world is the rapid spread of information and communication, digital technologies and the development of the digital economy, which causes changes in the business environment, transaction methods and the level of connections between individual entities. The digital economy is an innovative dynamic economy based on the active introduction of innovations and information and communication technologies in all types of economic activities and spheres of society, which increases the efficiency and competitiveness of individual companies, the national economy and living standards. In the third wave of globalization, the digital economy plays an important role in the development of countries, the most important factor of which is information and knowledge, as well as ways to access them. Increasingly, the digital economy is intertwined with the traditional economy, making clear demarcations increasingly difficult. The main products of the digital economy are the same goods and services of the traditional economy provided by computer equipment and digital systems such as the global Internet. However, the rapid development of digitalization is becoming a source not only of new opportunities, but also of serious threats and problems for all segments of the population that need to be taken into account. That is, the digitalization of the economy and all spheres of public life, on the one hand, becomes a challenge and threat to established business models and successful strategies of behavior of enterprises in a market economy, on the other - opens new opportunities for improvement and competitive advantage. Digitalization has significant benefits for economic development. Benefits at the level of the whole society include: economic and social effect of digital technologies for business and society; improving the quality of life; increasing the productivity of all social labor; the emergence of new models and forms of business that can increase profitability and competitiveness; increasing the transparency of economic transactions and ensuring the possibility of their monitoring. Key words: digital economy, innovative activity, innovative development, competitiveness, scientific and technological progress, information and communication technologies, information society.

How Does the Digital Economy Affect the Domestic Value-Added Rate of Chinese Exports?

The digital economy continuously injects new momentum into the traditional economy and has become an important driving force for national economic development. Against this backdrop and using input-output data from the WIOD from 2002 to 2014, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the development of the digital economy on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese manufacturing industry exports and the mechanism underlying this relationship. The results show that (1) digital economic input significantly promotes growth in the domestic value-added rate of manufacturing industry exports, (2) digital economic input mainly increases the domestic value-added rate of intermediate-product exports, (3) digital input has a significant positive impact on the capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries, and (4) technological progress and cost reduction are important mechanisms through which the digital economy promotes the domestic value-added rate of exports.

Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia in Socio-Cultural Processes Modern Buryatia

Using the example of Buddhism in Buryatia, the article examines the problem of the post-Soviet return of religion from the periphery to the center of socio-cultural processes. It is noted that this means their secularization in the sense of the active participation of the clergy in a variety of secular practices, including the spheres of economics, politics and ideology. The author pays attention to the identification role of religion, based on the definition of Buddhism as the main cultural marker of the region, contributing to the formation of a territorial cultural text, the involvement in which is felt by all residents of the republic, regardless of the declared religiosity. Based on many years of research, the author analyzes the qualitative changes in the activities of the Buddhist traditional Sangha of Russia, aimed at protecting the Buryat culture and traditional economy, which makes it enter into both dialogue and confrontation with the secular authorities of the republic. It is shown that in the conditions of high secularization of social and individual consciousness, the Khambo Lama and other clergymen see their task in the spiritualization of everyday practices through the preservation of the social basis of Buddhism, represented by rural Buryats.

Transition to a Sustainable Bioeconomy

Exceeding planetary boundaries, and especially climate change, requires economies worldwide to decarbonize and to incorporate principles of sustainable development. Transforming a traditional economy into a sustainable bioeconomy by replacing fossil resources through renewable biogenic resources offers a solution to this end. However, seemingly opposing transition perspectives (i.e., technology-based vs. socio-ecological) lead to fragmented efforts, and the exact form of the transition pathway to the goal of a bioeconomy remains unclear. We examine the issue by involving an international expert sample in a Delphi survey and subsequent cross-impact analysis. Based on the experts’ views, we present a list of events necessary to achieve the transformation ranked by the experts to reflect their urgency. The cross-impact analysis facilitates combining the eight most urgent events to create an integrated model of the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Our findings suggest that, rather than bioeconomy strategies, investment in the relevant sectors currently constitutes the main bottleneck hindering such a transition.

The Change of Sources of Growth and Sustainable Development in China: Based on the Extended EKC Explanation

This paper extends the “sources of growth” explanation for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) proposed by Copeland and Taylor in a concise theoretical framework, that is, when the sources of growth are transformed from physical capital and labor to human capital and knowledge, the environmental pollution could at first rise and then fall with a sustainable growth in per capita income. Using the provincial panel data from 1995 to 2017 in the mainland of China, an empirical analysis is carried out by the System Generalized Method of Moment (sys-GMM). The results show that: first, the EKC hypothesis exists in China. The inflection point for SO2 emissions has been passed in all of the provincial regions, and for CO2 and comprehensive environmental pollution losses have not been passed in some regions, but the inflection point from the national average level in China has been passed; second, the main production factors of the traditional economy, physical capital and labor, are positively correlated with environmental pollution, while human capital and green technological progress, the main production factors of the knowledge economy, are negatively related to environmental pollution; third, human capital and green technological progress have become important factors to promote economic growth, and human capital, in particular, has become the primary factor, which indicates that China is in the process of transforming traditional economy into a knowledge economy. The stage of China’s economic development and the trend of environmental pollution is consistent with the extended “sources of growth” explanation for the EKC, which proved the theoretical hypothesis. This has an important practical significance for China’s current economic reform and important theoretical value for the economic transformation and sustainable development of developing countries. The paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.