scholarly journals The occurrence of dermatosparaxis in a commercial Drakensberger cattle herd in South Africa : article

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Holm ◽  
E. Van Wilpe ◽  
C.K. Harper ◽  
N.M. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Loose Packing ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
Skin Abnormalities

Dermatosparaxis is a heritable collagen dysplasia causing skin extensibility and fragility. In Belgian Blue cattle this mutation has been described as a 3 base pair (bp) change followed by a 17 bp deletion in the gene coding for procollagen 1 N-Proteinase (pNPI). An outbreak in a commercial Drakensberger herd in South Africa followed the introduction in late 2000 of a 3-year-old bull that developed skin lesions in 2001 and was culled in 2002. Some of his offspring were similarly affected, 1 of which was kept as a breeding bull after his sire's death. Two affected calves were referred to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital in October 2005. Detailed examination revealed only skin abnormalities limited to the lateral extremities of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, viz. either acute lacerations of varying sizes, slow healing defects or thin scars in chronic cases. During a subsequent farm visit, 13 animals with similar wounds were seen in the herd of 146 animals. Electron microscopic examination of skin biopsies revealed haphazard arrangement and loose packing of dermal collagen fibrils within collagen fibres. The fibrils showed size variation and slightly irregular outlines on cross-section, consistent with mild dermatosparaxis. DNA samples of affected calves were analysed using primers designed to amplify the region of the pNPI gene that contained the mutation described in Belgian Blue cattle, but this mutation could not be demonstrated in any of the animals tested. It is concluded that a form of dermatosparaxis with a different gene mutation from that described in Belgian Blue cattle exists in Drakensberger cattle in South Africa. This possibly also explains the milder and more delayed clinical signs and the milder dermal collagen ultrastructural abnormalities.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) attenuates clinical disease in a spontaneously demyelinating transgenic mouse and induces remyelination

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Moscarello ◽  
B Mak ◽  
T A Nguyen ◽  
D D Wood ◽  
F Mastronardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Paclitaxel Treatment

Treatment with paclitaxel by four intraperitoneal injections (20 mg/kg) 1 week apart attenuated clinical signs in a spontaneously demyelinating model, if given with onset of clinical signs. If given at 2 months of age (1 month prior to clinical signs), disease was almost completely prevented. The astrogliosis, prominent in our model, was reversed by paclitaxel as determined by astrocyte counts and quantitation of GFAP. Electron microscopic examination of affected regions at 2.5 months demonstrated that the myelin was generally normal. By 4 months of age, demyelination was common in the superior cerebellar peduncle, maximal at 6 months, but continued to 8 months. In addition to myelin vacuolation and nude axons, the presence of many thin myelin sheaths suggested remyelination or partial demyelination. Although no evidence of oligodendrocyte loss was seen, nuclear changes were observed. To substantiate that remyelination was occurring, we measured MBP (18.5 kDa), MBP-exon II, Golli-MBP, TP8, Golli-MBP-J37, platelet-derived growth factor a (PDGFRa) and sonic hedgehog (SHH). Of these TP8, PDGFRa and SHH were up-regulated in the untreated transgenic. After paclitaxel treatment, MBP-Exon II, TP8, PDGFRa and SHH were further up-regulated. We concluded that some of the effects of paclitaxel were to stimulate proteins involved in early myelinating events possibly via a signal transduction mechanism.

scholarly journals Multiple Osteomas in Mice

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Höger ◽  
J. Gialamas ◽  
F. Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Cement Lines ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mature Bone

Osteomas (dense compact neoplasms of mature bone tissue) are rare in nearly all strains and stocks of mice. Of 224 Him: OF1 mice maintained until natural death or until terminally ill. 116 (51.8%) had one or more osteomas. Osteomas had a predilection for the skull and the larger bones of the limbs. Plasma alkaline phosphatase concentrations were elevated significantly in osteoma-bearing mice (446 ± 153 U/liter versus 206 ± 65 U/liter in age-matched controls without osteomas). Only very large osteomas resulted in clinical signs, and longevity was not shortened. Histologic examination showed clearly separated dense bony tissue irregularly arranged and forming a mosaic pattern, with distinct cement lines and medullary spaces filled with fibroreticular connective tissue. Electron microscopic examination revealed virus-like structures in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and fibroblasts and in the place of remnants of necrotic cells.

scholarly journals Clinical and Pathologic Features of Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis in a Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nibe ◽  
Y. Miwa ◽  
S. Matsunaga ◽  
J. K. Chambers ◽  
K. Uetsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Pathologic Features

Clinical and pathologic features of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a 4-month-old ferret are reported. Clinical signs including neurological symptoms appeared at 3 months of age and progressed rapidly. By magnetic resonance imaging, severe cerebral atrophy was recognized. Histopathologically, there was severe neuronal loss and diffuse astrogliosis with macrophage accumulations; lesions were found predominantly in the cerebral cortex. Intracytoplasmic pigments were observed in surviving neurons and macrophages throughout the brain. The pigments were intensely positive for periodic acid–Schiff, Luxol fast blue, and Sudan black B and exhibited a green autofluorescence. Electron microscopic examination revealed the accumulation of electron-dense granular material within lysosomes of neurons and macrophages. Immunohistochemically, a large number of saposin-positive granules accumulated in the neuronal cells, astrocytes, and macrophages of the lesions, but significant immunoreactivity for subunit c of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase was not observed. Based on these findings, the animal was diagnosed as affected by neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

Chlamydiosis in Mariculture-reared Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas)

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Homer ◽  
E. R. Jacobson ◽  
J. Schumacher ◽  
G. Scherba
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Light Microscopic Examination ◽  
Myocardial Fibers

From August 1990 to June 1991, a moderate die-off of 4- to 5-year-old green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas) occurred at Cayman Turtle Farm, Grand Cayman, British West Indies. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and inability to dive. Many of the ill turtles floated on the surface of their tanks. There was no apparent sex predilection. Complete necropsies, including histopathologic examination of tissues, were performed on eight turtles. Necropsies revealed multiple irregular discrete to patchy 1–10-mm pale gray foci throughout the hearts of four turtles. By light microscopic examination, the most severe and consistent lesions were necrotizing myocarditis, histiocytic to fibrinous splenitis, and hepatic lipidosis and necrosis. A mixed leukocytic infiltrate of acidophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes was present in affected areas of the heart. Other lesions included lymphocytic/plasmacytic interstitial nephritis, subacute interstitial pneumonia, subacute mesenteric vasculitis, chronic/active enteritis of the small intestine, and occasional granulomas associated with spirorchid trematode ova. Chlamydiae could be demonstrated in macrophages in sections of paraffin-embedded heart, liver, and spleen and in myocardial fibers and hepatocytes using a modified Macchiavello's stain. Chlamydial antigen was detected by light microscopic examination in the cytoplasm of myocardial fibers and in occasional hepatocytes using a commercially available genus-specific antichlamydial monoclonal antibody and the avidin biotin peroxidase complex staining method. Electron microscopic examination of the heart of the most severely affected turtle revealed developmental stages of chlamydial organisms. A suspension of heart from this turtle was inoculated into the yolk sacs of chicken embryos. Chlamydial elementary bodies could be demonstrated in infected yolk-sac membranes approximately 7 days after inoculation.

scholarly journals Co-infection with papillomavirus and Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Acari: Knemidokoptidae) in a chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) and a case of beak papillomatosis in another chaffinch

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Literak ◽  
B. Smid ◽  
F. Dusbabek ◽  
R. Halouzka ◽  
L. Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusions ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fringilla Coelebs ◽  
Viral Aetiology

Nodular papillomatous lesions combined with proliferation and formation of scales and crusts were observed on both tarsi of a dead chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) found in February 2004 in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of papillomavirus virions in the lesions. The parasitological examination of crust scraps revealed the presence of mites Knemidokoptes jamaicensis. Skin lesions were caused by a co-infection with the two pathogens. This paper is the first report of such a co-infection. In another chaffinch netted in May 2004 in the northern part of the Czech Republic, marked papillomatous lesions were found at the base of the beak. Proliferation of basal epidermal cells with sporadic intranuclear inclusions in the keratinocytes of stratum granulosum of the epidermis observed in the histopathological examination was suggestive of a viral aetiology of the papillomatous lesions. This is the first reported case of beak papillomatosis in the chaffinch.

scholarly journals A novel poxvirus lethal to red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 3337-3341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Thomas ◽  
Daniel M. Tompkins ◽  
Anthony W. Sainsbury ◽  
Ann R. Wood ◽  
Robert Dalziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom

A parapoxvirus has been implicated in the decline of the red squirrel in the United Kingdom. Virus was isolated from an outbreak of lethal disease in red squirrels in the north-east of England. Experimental infection of captive-bred red squirrels confirmed that this virus was the cause of the severe skin lesions observed. Electron microscopic examination of the virus showed that it had a morphology typical of parapoxviruses whilst preliminary sequence data suggested a genomic G+C composition of approximately 66 %, again similar to that found in other parapoxviruses. However Southern hybridization analysis failed to detect three known parapoxvirus genes, two of which have been found so far only in the genus Parapoxvirus. Comparative sequence analysis of two other genes, conserved across the eight recognized chordopoxvirus genera, suggests that the squirrel virus represents a previously unrecognized genus of the Chordopoxviridae.

scholarly journals The Pathologic Features of Neurocutaneous Melanosis in a Cynomolgus Macaque

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
W. Deng ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Brain

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare phakomatosis characterized by proliferation of melanin-producing cells in both the skin and the brain. In this study, we describe the clinical and pathologic features of NCM in a 4.5-year-old female cynomolgus macaque. Histopathologically, skin lesions showed foci of nests and cords of pigmented cells in the dermis similar to blue nevi in humans. In the brain, focal pigmented cell infiltration was observed in the connective tissue under the leptomeninges and in the brain parenchyma. The pigmented cell was moderately reactive with a pan-melanoma antibody (melanoma(pan)) in the skin. In the brain, the pigmented cell was moderately to strongly positive for melanoma(pan) in subleptomeningeal areas and in the cerebral cortex. Melanosomes were observed in pigmented cells in the brain by electron microscopic examination. Based on the histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic results, the diagnosis of NCM was made. This case is possibly the first report of the condition in animals.

Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Joseph Szroeder
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

A Comparative Study of Fractographic Replicas

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Loren Anderson ◽  
Pat Pizzo ◽  
Glen Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscopy of replicas has long been used to study the fracture surfaces of components which fail in service. Recently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gained popularity because it allows direct examination of the fracture surface. However, the somewhat lower resolution of the SEM coupled with a restriction on the sample size has served to limit the use of this instrument in investigating in-service failures. It is the intent of this paper to show that scanning electron microscopic examination of conventional negative replicas can be a convenient and reliable technique for determining mode of failure.

Novel methods for demonstrating osseointegration of hydroxylapatite-coated titanium hip prostheses

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frayssinet ◽  
J. Hanker ◽  
D. Hardy ◽  
B. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Diamond Saw ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

Prostheses implanted in hard tissues cannot be processed for electron microscopic examination or microanalysis in the same way as those in other tissues. For these reasons, we have developed methods allowing light and electron microscopic studies as well as microanalysis of the interface between bone and a metal biomaterial coated by plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite(HA) ceramic.An HA-coated titanium hip prosthesis (Corail, Landos, France), which had been implanted for two years, was removed after death (unrelated to the orthopaedic problem). After fixation it was dehydrated in solutions of increasing ethanol concentration prior to embedment in polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA). Transverse femur sections were obtained with a diamond saw and the sections then carefully ground to a thickness of 200 microns. Plastic-embedded sections were stained for calcium with a silver methenamine modification of the von Kossa method for calcium staining and coated by carbon. They have been examined by back-scatter SEM on an ISI-SS60 operated at 25 KV. EDAX has been done on cellular inclusions and extracellular bone matrix.

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