scholarly journals Calculation of freight externality costs for South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan Swarts ◽  
David King ◽  
Zane Simpson ◽  
Jan Havenga ◽  
Leila Goedhals-Gerber
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this study is to quantify the marginal external costs associated with freight transport in South Africa. Six cost elements are included as externality cost items, namely, costs related to accidents, emissions, roadway land availability, policing, noise and congestion. Inputs in the calculations were a gravity-oriented freight flow model, a road transport cost model, actual transport costs for other modes, a warehousing cost survey, an inventory delay calculation and various national sources of information such as accident statistics and government budgets. Estimation techniques resulted in advances for externality cost measurement in South Africa. The quantification of the cost elements will be used to update the South African Freight Demand Model. The results show that the cost of transportation would have been 20% more if external factors were taken into account. The marginal rates of externalities can be used to develop scenarios based on alternative choices for South Africa's freight transport infrastructure configuration.

scholarly journals Supply chain cost improvement opportunities through streamlining cross-border operations

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Jan Hendrik Havenga ◽  
J. van Eeden ◽  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Logistics Cost ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Product Profile ◽  
Trading Partners

The Cross-Border Road Transport Agency (CBRTA) in South Africa aims to encourage and facilitate trade between South Africa and its neighbouring countries. The CBRTA sponsored a study by Stellenbosch University (SU) to determine the logistics cost impact of cross-border delays between South Africa and its major neighbouring trading partners, and prioritise opportunities for improvement. SU is the proprietor of both a comprehensive freight demand model and a logistics cost model for South Africa, which enable extractions and extensions of freight flows and related costs for specific purposes. Through the application of these models, the following information is identified and presented in this paper: South Africa’s most important border posts (based on traffic flows); a product profile for imports and exports through these border posts; the modal split (road and rail); the annual logistics costs incurred on the corridors feeding the border posts, as well as the additional costs incurred due to border delays. The research has proved that the streamlining of border-post operations that take a total supply chain view (i.e. of both border operations and those that could be moved from the border) is beneficial.

Analysis and Comparison of Road Freight Transport Cost in 20 European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kotsios ◽  
Dimitrios Folinas
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Road transport is one of the most popular and practical means of freight transport in the world today. However, the cost of road freight transport may differ from one country to the next due to variances in a number of cost factors, including fuels, wages, taxation, tolls, insurance, maintenance, tyres, repairs, parking spaces, etc. The goal of this research was to measure and compare the cost of road freight transport in the 20 European countries with the highest recorded volume of tonne-kilometres, in order to draw conclusions about the cost competitiveness of road freight transport among them. Cost competitiveness in the sample was measured by 4 main cost categories: fuels, drivers' wages, tyres, and tolls. The results show large cost variations between countries. The countries found to have the lowest road freight transport cost were Lithuania, Poland and Bulgaria, and those with the highest costs were Norway, Austria, and the UK. The largest differences in costs were met in tolls and other road taxes, followed by drivers' wages, fuels, and finally tyres.

scholarly journals Framework for rail freight transport revival in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hendrik Havenga ◽  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Critical Requirement

Most long-distance land freight in South Africa is transported by road, which (i) places harsh constraints on the country’s transport infrastructure; and (ii) gives rise to excessive external costs. This is ascribable to the high demand for road freight transport, which is dependent on imported fuel at unstable prices and which is damaging to the environment. The critical requirement is to determine how much freight, and specifically which freight, can switch to rail transport. In order to identify the freight flows that can exploit the economic principles of rail transport, a market segmentation model was developed. A feasible target market was identified that enables key stakeholders (government, the national railway and major road transport service providers) to engage in ensuring that sufficient investment in suitable transport infrastructure takes place timeously to support the country’s economic growth and development ideals in a sustainable fashion.

scholarly journals Rationalization of Public Road Passenger Transport by Merging Bus Lines on the Example of Zadar County

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Goran Kos ◽  
Predrag Brlek ◽  
Igor Franolić
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Place Meaning ◽  
Public Road ◽  
The City

This study consists of the analysis of public passenger transport in Zadar County, that is, transport on the County and school lines and suggestions of transport rationalization. The rationalization comprises the application of the County and school lines integration, as well as suggestions of other measures which aim to reduce transport costs financed by Zadar County. The objectives to rationalize public passenger transport have been defined, all County transport lines of schoolchildren and other passengers have been analysed as well as actual deficiencies in the city, County and school transport needs. Road transport infrastructure, carriers and transportation vehicles have been analysed. The future transport demand has been reviewed and the prediction of passengers on lines has been provided. Within the next five to ten years no relevant changes will take place, meaning that the balance in transport supply and demand will not be disrupted significantly. This study presents the measures for transport cost reduction and increase in the safety level in the performance of public transport.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of road transport infrastructure investment on economic development in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anathi Hlotywa ◽  
Emeka A. Ndaguba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The Impact

Background: There has been considerable decline in the investment on road transport infrastructure in recent times, as a result of the dwindling economic investment owing to lowering gross domestic product (GDP) since 2009.Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between road transport investment (ROTI) and economic development (ED) in South Africa. This article adopts the Harrod–Domar (HD) model of economic growth and development theory, endogenous growth theory and Solow–Swan neoclassical growth model.Method: Data were derived from the South African Reserve Bank, Quantec database and Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) between 1990 and 2014. It used time series, econometric models cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) to analyse.Result: The results of the estimation demonstrate that the explanatory variables account for approximately 86.7% variation in ED in South Africa. Therefore, there exists a positive relationship between ROTI and ED.Conclusion: This study established a long-run relationship between phenomena and demonstrates the role of road transport investment on economic development in South Africa.

On the Historical Relationship between Port (In)Efficiency and Transport Costs in the Developing World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Herrera Dappe ◽  
Tomás Serebrisky ◽  
Ancor Suárez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Parametric Approach ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Port Efficiency ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Historical Relationship

Do differences in port performance explain differences in maritime transport costs? How much would improvements in port performance reduce maritime transport costs in developing countries? To answer this question, we use a widely used transport cost model, but we provide a new measure of port efficiency, estimated through a non-parametric approach. Relying on data from the early 2000s, this paper shows that for a sample of 115 container ports in 39 developing countries, becoming as efficient as the country with the most efficient port sector would reduce average maritime transport costs by 5 percent. For the most inefficient country, the reduction in transport costs could reach 15 percent. These findings point out the potential gains that can be achieved from the combination of betterquality investment and more efficient service provision in the port sector. The estimates in this paper cannot be updated because the databases were discontinued and it therefore highlights the need to generate data to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that are key to competitiveness.

ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME OF PASSENGERS AND CARGO IN RAIL AND ROAD TRANSPORT IN POLAND IN 2009-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Elżbieta MACIOSZEK
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Transport plays an important role in the economy of any country. Efficient and developed transport infrastructure of various modes of transport significantly affects the availability of transport services, and consequently, the well-being of citizens. This article presents an analysis of the volume of passengers and cargo transport using rail and road transport in Poland in 2009-2019. These analyses were carried out based on data obtained from the Central Statistical Office. All data concerns Polish entities that provide services in the field of passenger and freight transport in Poland and focuses on such information as the volume of passengers and cargo by individual means of transport, broken down into domestic and international transport. Further, the presented analyses concern the length of the available rail and road routes, tracks, the size of the rolling stock as well as the groups of transported loads.

An Assessment of the Belt and Road Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Sedat Baştuğ ◽  
Turgay Battal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Belt And Road

The aim of the chapter is to propose a methodology to illustrate the cost and time components of door-to-door movement by One Belt and One Road (OBOR) and traditional routes alongside with modes. The study is concentrated on a case study and uses established multimodal transport cost model as a research framework. Interviews with industry practitioners and observation from primary methods of data collection. The use of multimodal transport cost model is common in the containerized cargoes. Hence, this study provides an original analysis for OBOR initiative. The volumes of OBOR shipments are large, with a high value-to-volume ratio. The research initially confirms that multimodal transport alternatives and modal combinations may successfully be applied and assess the performance of OBOR initiative.

A Computational Model for Estimating the Cost of Spent Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste Transport

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Johnson ◽  
R. E. Best
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

JAI has developed a simple computer program for use in determining a preliminary estimate of costs for transporting spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste by legal weight truck or by rail. The JAI Corporation Spent Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste Transportation Cost Model © is a Microsoft Excel 2000-based collection of spreadsheets. Both the truck and rail sub-models consist of three spreadsheets, or modules — as follows: • The “Input” spreadsheet accepts the user’s inputs (the user’s configuration of the transportation scenario to be modeled); • The “Cost Calculations” spreadsheet lists cost components and associated calculations; • The “Results” spreadsheet summarized the calculated transportation costs. The program does not calculate costs between two specific points, but rather over a specific distance. The individual inputs required can be entered by the user — or the user can accept the default values built into the program. The input to the program is divided into the following elements: 1. Scenario configuration; 2. Financial assumptions; 3. Capital-related costs; 4. Operating costs; 5. Freight-related costs; 6. Security-related costs. The rail portion of the program also permits the calculation of the cost of heavy haul and barge transport. The cost calculation spreadsheet contains all the algorithms used for calculating each element of cost and summing them — and the results spreadsheet shows the separate cost of capital, operations, freight, security and miscellaneous costs, plus the total cost for the shipment(s). The program offers an easy way for obtaining preliminary estimates of the cost of transporting spent fuel or high-level radioactive waste, and a way to quickly estimate the sensitivity of transport costs to changes in conditions or shipping scenarios.

scholarly journals Overview of salient economic features of the modes of freight transport for use in the formulation of national transport policy in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
The Cost

Defining the economic role of the various modes of freight transport should be one of the basic ingredients of both an economically rational transport policy and the effective functioning of the existing free freight transport market in South Africa. In the interest of the national economy and in the commercial interest of freight carriers, national policy on freight transport should take cognisance of (1) why governments involve themselves in transport, (2) the policy instruments of governments that affect the performance of the freight transport sector, and (3) the salient economic features of the freight transport market that should be considered in the formulation of transport policy. The goal of the research was to compile an overview of these three aspects. The research approach and methodology combine (1) a literature survey; (2) an analysis of the cost structures of freight transport modes; and (3) interviews conducted with specialists in the freight transport industry.

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