scholarly journals Relationship between HIV stage and psychomotor speed neurocognitive score at a Kenyan sub-county hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael N. Kinuthia ◽  
Joseph M. Thigiti ◽  
Benson N. Gakinya
Keyword(s):  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
County Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with cognitive impairment which affects psychomotor speed. Psychomotor slowing is a predictor of dementia and death in people living with HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between HIV disease stage and psychomotor speed neurocognitive score which will add to the body of knowledge required to manage patients with HIV and AIDS. Objective: To determine the relationship between psychomotor speed neurocognitive score and the HIV disease stage in adults at initiation of care. Setting: This study was conducted at Kangundo Sub-county hospital comprehensive care centre. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. All HIV seropositive patients aged 18 to 50 years recently initiated into care were studied. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. The World Health Organization (WHO) stage was used during data collection to classify study participants into asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. The grooved pegboard test was used to obtain psychomotor speed neurocognitive scores. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data. Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s rho and multiple linear regression were employed in the analysis; p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The WHO stage did not have a significant effect on the psychomotor speed neurocognitive score (p ≥ 0.05). The CD4 count had a significant effect on psychomotor speed neurocognitive score (p = 0.001). Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between CD4 counts and psychomotor speed neurocognitive score. Efforts should be made to ensure that the CD4 counts of people living with HIV and AIDS do not continue to fall after initiation into care in order to preserve psychomotor function.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Persons Living With HIV by Enrollment Status in Washington, DC: Evaluation of a Large Longitudinal HIV Cohort Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenevieve Opoku ◽  
Rupali K Doshi ◽  
Amanda D Castel ◽  
Ian Sorensen ◽  
Michael Horberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND HIV cohort studies have been used to assess health outcomes and inform the care and treatment of people living with HIV disease. However, there may be similarities and differences between cohort participants and the general population from which they are drawn. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to compare people living with HIV who have and have not been enrolled in the DC Cohort study and assess whether participants are a representative citywide sample of people living with HIV in the District of Columbia (DC). METHODS Data from the DC Health (DCDOH) HIV surveillance system and the DC Cohort study were matched to identify people living with HIV who were DC residents and had consented for the study by the end of 2016. Analysis was performed to identify differences between DC Cohort and noncohort participants by demographics and comorbid conditions. HIV disease stage, receipt of care, and viral suppression were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression assessed correlates of health outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS There were 12,964 known people living with HIV in DC at the end of 2016, of which 40.1% were DC Cohort participants. Compared with nonparticipants, participants were less likely to be male (68.0% vs 74.9%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) but more likely to be black (82.3% vs 69.5%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and have a heterosexual contact HIV transmission risk (30.3% vs 25.9%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). DC Cohort participants were also more likely to have ever been diagnosed with stage 3 HIV disease (59.6% vs 47.0%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), have a CD4 &lt;200 cells/µL in 2017 (6.2% vs 4.6%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), be retained in any HIV care in 2017 (72.9% vs 59.4%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and be virally suppressed in 2017. After adjusting for demographics, DC Cohort participants were significantly more likely to have received care in 2017 (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.70-2.00) and to have ever been virally suppressed (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.20-1.40). CONCLUSIONS These data have important implications when assessing the representativeness of patients enrolled in clinic-based cohorts compared with the DC-area general HIV population. As participants continue to enroll in the DC Cohort study, ongoing assessment of representativeness will be required.

An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Spirituality, Coping, and Emotional Distress in People Living with HIV Infection and AIDS

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton M. Somlai ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kelly ◽  
Seth C. Kalichman ◽  
Gregg Mulry ◽  
Kathleen J. Sikkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Evaluates levels of psychological distress, coping mechanisms, and their relationship with the religious beliefs and spiritual practices of people (N=65) living with HIV and AIDS. Results of the research indicate a strong relationship for spiritual dimensions with mental health, psychological adjustment, and coping. Concludes that a blending of spiritual traditions and mental health approaches are needed to facilitate the coping of people living with HIV and AIDS.

Self-Reported Disability in Persons With HIV-Related Neuropathy Is Mediated by Pain Interference and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2174-2185
Author(s):  
David M Kietrys ◽  
James Scott Parrott ◽  
Mary Lou Galantino ◽  
Tracy Davis ◽  
Todd Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
World Health ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Painful Neuropathy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare disability in people with HIV and peripheral neuropathy with those without neuropathy and explore how neuropathy and other relevant factors are associated with disability. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants completed the Brief pain inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), and a health and demographic questionnaire. Additional data were extracted from the medical record. A raw score of ≥1 on the Subjective Peripheral Neuropathy Screen questions about lower extremity numbness or paresthesia was used to identify peripheral neuropathy. Predictors of disability (as determined by association with World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores) were evaluated bivariately and in a multivariable model. Path modeling was used to identify a parsimonious model to elucidate the mediated effects of peripheral neuropathy on disability. Results Participants with peripheral neuropathy had more depression symptoms, more pain (severity and interference), and higher disability scores compared with participants without neuropathy. The relationship between neuropathy and disability was mediated by pain interference and depression (standardized root mean residual = .056). Conclusion In this sample of people with HIV, those with lower extremity peripheral neuropathy reported more severe disability, worse pain, and more depression symptoms than those without neuropathy. The relationship between peripheral neuropathy and disability may be mediated though pain interference and depression. Impact Distal sensory polyneuropathy is a common comorbidity experienced by people living with HIV and frequently causes pain. This study can help providers direct care toward lessening disability experienced among people with HIV and peripheral neuropathy by targeting interventions for treatment of pain and depression. Lay Summary People living with HIV may experience disabling painful neuropathy. Treatment for pain and depression may help reduce the disability associated with painful neuropathy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Persons Living With HIV by Enrollment Status in Washington, DC: Evaluation of a Large Longitudinal HIV Cohort Study

10.2196/16061 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e16061
Author(s):  
Jenevieve Opoku ◽  
Rupali K Doshi ◽  
Amanda D Castel ◽  
Ian Sorensen ◽  
Michael Horberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background HIV cohort studies have been used to assess health outcomes and inform the care and treatment of people living with HIV disease. However, there may be similarities and differences between cohort participants and the general population from which they are drawn. Objective The objective of this analysis was to compare people living with HIV who have and have not been enrolled in the DC Cohort study and assess whether participants are a representative citywide sample of people living with HIV in the District of Columbia (DC). Methods Data from the DC Health (DCDOH) HIV surveillance system and the DC Cohort study were matched to identify people living with HIV who were DC residents and had consented for the study by the end of 2016. Analysis was performed to identify differences between DC Cohort and noncohort participants by demographics and comorbid conditions. HIV disease stage, receipt of care, and viral suppression were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression assessed correlates of health outcomes between the two groups. Results There were 12,964 known people living with HIV in DC at the end of 2016, of which 40.1% were DC Cohort participants. Compared with nonparticipants, participants were less likely to be male (68.0% vs 74.9%, P<.001) but more likely to be black (82.3% vs 69.5%, P<.001) and have a heterosexual contact HIV transmission risk (30.3% vs 25.9%, P<.001). DC Cohort participants were also more likely to have ever been diagnosed with stage 3 HIV disease (59.6% vs 47.0%, P<.001), have a CD4 <200 cells/µL in 2017 (6.2% vs 4.6%, P<.001), be retained in any HIV care in 2017 (72.9% vs 59.4%, P<.001), and be virally suppressed in 2017. After adjusting for demographics, DC Cohort participants were significantly more likely to have received care in 2017 (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.70-2.00) and to have ever been virally suppressed (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.20-1.40). Conclusions These data have important implications when assessing the representativeness of patients enrolled in clinic-based cohorts compared with the DC-area general HIV population. As participants continue to enroll in the DC Cohort study, ongoing assessment of representativeness will be required.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRIP STRENGTH AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN MEN LIVING WITH HIV REFERRED TO A METABOLIC CLINIC

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
P. Debroy ◽  
J.E. Lake ◽  
A. Malagoli ◽  
G. Guaraldi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to assess the relationship between grip strength (GS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in treated HIV-infected men. We included 169 HIV-infected men. GS was assessed using a hand-grip dynamometer. NALFD was defined by liver-spleen attenuation ratio <1.1 on computed tomography. Mean (SD) age was 57 (6) years and BMI 24.5 (2.9) kg/m2. NAFLD was diagnosed in 33% of men; sarcopenia was present in 28%. Mean (SD) hand grip strength in the dominant hand was 37.5 (7.6) kg. In multivariate logistic regression, intermediate and low GS were associated with higher risk of NAFLD (OR 3.05; CI 1.27-7.61, p=0.01; OR 2.47; CI 1.01-6.19, p=0.05, respectively). GS has an inverse association with NAFLD prevalence in HIV-infected men. Specific mechanisms through which muscle weakness and NAFLD are related require further exploration but are not accounted for merely by the burden of comorbid illness, HIV disease stage, or ART exposure.

scholarly journals EXPECTING THE RETURN OF UIN SUMATERA UTARA'S latHIVa IN THE PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS IN NORTH SUMATERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>As a reflection, when latHIVa was established as a non-structural institution at UIN Sumatera Utara (UiN SU) to tackle HIV and AIDS, the discovery of HIV and AIDS cases at the international level were around 34.3 million people living with HIV, while in 2019 it was estimated that 36.9 million people living with HIV. The cases of HIV and AIDS at the national level in 2000 were 1500 people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) while in 2019 there were 349,882 PLWHA in North Sumatra, and in 2000 there were 30 people living with HIV, while the cases of HIV / AIDS at the level of North Sumatra Province up to August 2019 were 9362 PLWHA. The description of the HIV and AIDS case above describes the epidemic process since the formation of the UIN Sumatera Utara's latHIVa until August 2019. The HIV and AIDS epidemic is like an iceberg phenomenon, which means the numbers of HIV and AIDS cases found above are not the actual numbers. HIV and AIDS do exist. Therefore, WHO (World Health Organization) has formulated that to find out the real numbers, the numbers obtained must be multiplied by 100-200. Thus, if 9362 cases of HIV and AIDS in North Sumatra is  multiplied by 100, then there might be 936,200 cases of PLWHA in North Sumatra. Thus, there are around 900 thousand PLWHA who have not been found in North Sumatra.</p>

scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis screening in anti-retroviral treated adults living with HIV in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Gersh ◽  
Ruanne V. Barnabas ◽  
Daniel Matemo ◽  
John Kinuthia ◽  
Zachary Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) who reside in high tuberculosis burden settings remain at risk for tuberculosis disease despite treatment with anti-retroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). The performance of the World Health Organization (WHO) symptom screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV receiving anti-retroviral therapy is sub-optimal and alternative screening strategies are needed. Methods We enrolled HIV-positive adults into a prospective study in western Kenya. Individuals who were IPT-naïve or had completed IPT > 6 months prior to enrollment were eligible. We evaluated tuberculosis prevalence overall and by IPT status. We assessed the accuracy of the WHO symptom screen, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and candidate biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio for identifying pulmonary tuberculosis. Some participants were evaluated at 6 months post-enrollment for tuberculosis. Results The study included 383 PLHIV, of whom > 99% were on antiretrovirals and 88% had received IPT, completed a median of 1.1 years (IQR 0.8–1.55) prior to enrollment. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis at enrollment was 1.3% (n = 5, 95% CI 0.4–3.0%): 4.3% (0.5–14.5%) among IPT-naïve and 0.9% (0.2–2.6%) among IPT-treated participants. The sensitivity of the WHO symptom screen was 0% (0–52%) and specificity 87% (83–90%). Xpert and candidate biomarkers had poor to moderate sensitivity; the most accurate biomarker was CRP ≥ 3.3 mg/L (sensitivity 80% (28–100) and specificity 72% (67–77)). Six months after enrollment, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis following IPT completion was 0.84 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.31–2.23). Conclusions In Kenyan PLHIV treated with IPT, tuberculosis prevalence was low at a median of 1.4 years after IPT completion. WHO symptoms screening, Xpert, and candidate biomarkers were insensitive for identifying pulmonary tuberculosis in antiretroviral-treated PLHIV.

The Mae on Project: Using Acupuncture for Symptom Relief and Improved Quality of Life for People Living with Hiv and Aids in Rural Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Louie ◽  
Nopporn Pathanapornpandh ◽  
Unchalee Pultajuk ◽  
Robert Kaplan ◽  
Ian Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Acupuncture in combination with antiretroviral therapies is a potentially useful treatment for HIV-related symptom relief in resource-poor settings. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of being used to enhance immune function. In the setting of HIV, Chinese traditional medicine allows for symptom treatment without adding extra medications to a complex drug regime. This paper provides details of a project at Mae On Hospital in rural northern Thailand where allopathic/conventional treatments are used in tandem with acupuncture. A preliminary evaluation of the project suggests that an integrated approach to symptom relief is viewed positively by respondents receiving acupuncture, though further studies are required to confirm the association between acupuncture and symptom relief. The project also demonstrates the feasibility of developing a cost-effective acupuncture programme using local healthcare staff.

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