scholarly journals Fertility intention and use of contraception among women living with the human immunodeficiency virus in Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kebogile Mokwena ◽  
Yenealem Reta Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic resulted in decreased fertility among HIV-positive women, who did not want to transmit the virus to their unborn children. With the availability of antiretroviral therapy that suppresses viral load, HIV-infected women live normal lives and even acknowledge the desire and intention to have children, a factor that is rarely acknowledged in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic services. This study examined fertility intentions and contraception use among a sample of women attending an ART clinic in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive design was used on a sample of 362 HIV-positive women. Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire. Results: The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 49 years and most were between the ages of 23 and 32. A desire and intention to fall pregnant was reported by 46.6% (n = 158) of the participants. A total of 114 (35.5%) had given birth after they were diagnosed with HIV and 4% were pregnant at the time of the study. Of the study participants who wanted to have children, 60.7% (n = 82) planned to have a child within two years. In the period before they were diagnosed with HIV, most participants used injectable contraceptives but this changed to using the condom after they were diagnosed with HIV. Conclusion: The high number of women who have both the desire and intention to have children among this sample of HIV-positive women requires that reproductive health services need to include family planning as an essential component of reproductive health services. The change to using the condom as a contraceptive method indicates the positive impact of health promotion received at ART clinic. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1254931

scholarly journals The Linked Response: Lessons Emerging from Integration of HIV and Reproductive Health Services in Cambodia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna White ◽  
Thérèse Delvaux ◽  
Chhorvann Chhea ◽  
Sarun Saramony ◽  
Vichea Ouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

A qualitative assessment was made of service provider and user perceptions of the quality of integrated reproductive health services established through a pilot intervention in Cambodia. The intervention aimed to promote pregnant women's HIV testing and general utilization of reproductive health facilities as well as improve the follow-up of HIV-positive women and exposed infants through strengthened referral and operational linkages amongst health facilities/services and community-based support interventions for PLHIV. The study was conducted in one operational district where the intervention was piloted and for comparative purposes in a district where integrated services had yet to be implemented. Service providers in the pilot district reported improved collaboration and coordination of services, more effective referral, and the positive impact of improved proximity of HIV testing through integrated local level facilities. Community-based support teams for PLHIV embraced their expanded role, were valued by families receiving their assistance, and were understood to have had an important role in referral, PMTCT follow-up and countering PLHIV stigmatization; findings which underscore the potential role of community support in integrated service provision. Challenges identified included stigmatization of PLHIV by health staff at district hospital level and a lack of confidence amongst non-specialized health staff when managing deliveries by HIV-positive women, partly due to fear of HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus type-specific risk of cervical cancer in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence: case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Flora Mabota da Costa ◽  
Joao Leopoldo da Costa ◽  
Otto Ljungberg ◽  
Antonio Bugalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. Previous studies have suggested that HPV 16 would be relatively less important as a causative agent among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. This study investigates HPV type-specific cervical cancer risk in a population in which HIV is endemic. At the Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, 221 cervical cancer cases and 203 hospital-based controls were consecutively enrolled. HPV typing from cervical samples, HIV testing and recording of socio-demographic factors were performed. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess HPV type-specific risk and effect modification between HIV and HPV infection. Infection with HPV 16, 18 and ‘high-risk non-HPV 16/18 types’ (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) was associated with cervical cancer in both crude and adjusted analyses. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types detected in cancer biopsies among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. There was no significant evidence of effect modification between any HPV type and HIV infection, and there were no significant differences in the HPV type-specific prevalence when cervical cancers among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were compared. Within the limitations of the study, the relative importance of different HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis appears not to be modified greatly by HIV infection, suggesting that HPV vaccines might not need to be type-specifically modified to be suitable for populations where HIV is endemic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Kidney Function Tests in HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
emre aydın ◽  
Fatma Yılmaz Aydın ◽  
Yakup Demir ◽  
Yaşar Yıldırım ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Çelen
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Group 5

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus is a chronic infection that attacks the immune system of the human body, particularly CD4 T lymphocytes. Combined antiretroviral therapies are highly effective in virological suppression of human immunodeficiency virus infection. It has been shown that some retroviral therapies have a higher nephrotoxicity potential. As a result of renal injury, serum creatinine increases, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate is reduced. The aim of our study was to assess changes in kidney function during a 24-month period in HIV-positive patients who were begun on combined antiretroviral therapy. Material-method: A total of 127 HIV positive patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into five groups; patients who received no therapy were designated as Group 1; those that received Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine combination as Group 2; those that received Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate combination as Group 3; those that received Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Dolutegravir combination as Group 4; and those that received Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Raltegravir combination as Group 5. We compared the effects of these drugs on estimated glomerular filtration rate during a 24-month follow-up period. Results: At the 24th month of therapy, a significant difference was observed between the eGFR levels of the study groups (p:<0.001). eGFR level was significantly higher in Group 4 compared to Groups 1, 2, and 3 (p:0.009, p:<0.001, p:<0.001, respectively) while it was significantly lower in Group 5 than groups 1, 2, and 3 (p:0.005, p:<0.001, p:<0.001, respectively). No significant eGFR difference was found between Group 4 and Group 5 (p>0.05). Serum creatinine level was significantly higher in Groups 4 and 5 compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of TDF-containing regimens causes renal dysfunction. Therefore, we recommend close monitoring of renal function, especially in patients treated with TDF.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and HPV16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Italian women

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lina Tornesello ◽  
Maria Luisa Duraturo ◽  
Paolo Giorgi-Rossi ◽  
Matilde Sansone ◽  
Roberto Piccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women have high rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections with a variety of genotypes whose oncogenic risk is poorly documented. The prevalence and persistence of HPV genotypes and HPV16 variants were analysed in 112 HIV-positive and 115 HIV-negative Italian women. HIV-positive women were more likely than HIV-negative women to be infected by HPV at the initial examination (39.3 vs 13.9 %, P<0.001) and to have a higher period prevalence of HPV infection over a 3-year follow-up (43.8 % vs 17.4 %, P<0.001), regardless of CD4+ cell counts and anti-retroviral therapy. ‘High-risk’ and ‘probable high-risk’ HPVs (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58 and 66), among the 20 different viral genotypes identified, were predominant in HIV-positive (33.9 %) compared with HIV-negative (13.9 %) women. Among HIV-infected women, with normal cytology as well as with SIL of any grade, the most common genotypes were HPV16 followed by HPV81, -58, -72, -33 and -62. HPV16 isolates from 18 HIV-positive and eight HIV-negative women were classified into variant lineages based on sequencing analysis of E6 and E7 genes and the long control region. Whilst the HPV16 G350 European variant was prevalent in both HIV-positive (10.7 %) and -negative women (3.5 %), HPV16 African 2 variant was only detected in HIV-positive women (3.6 %), suggesting different sexual mixing behaviours. The increased prevalence of uncommon viral genotypes and HPV16 variants in HIV-positive Italian women underscores the need to target a wide range of HPV types in cervical screening of high-risk women.

Reduction in Size and Number of Plantar Verrucae in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals After the Implementation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endri Afesllari ◽  
Timothy J. Miller ◽  
Michael J. Huchital ◽  
Christy M. King ◽  
James S. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Clinical Type ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background Implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly increased the life expectancy of those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Except for prevalence, scientific reports regarding clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae in the post-HAART era are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae between HIV-infected and noninfected individuals and then to compare these findings with those observed before the implementation of HAART. Methods Nineteen patients with plantar verrucae (ten with HIV and nine without HIV) were examined to determine the size, number, and clinical type of verrucae present. The two groups were first compared with each other and then with previously collected data from a similar analysis conducted in 1995, before the implementation of HAART. Statistical significance was determined using the Fisher exact test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results No significant differences were observed in the size, number, or clinical type of verrucae between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients. Compared with the 1995 data, there was a significant decrease in the number of verrucae lesions per individual and a nonsignificant decrease in the average size of verrucae in HIV-positive patients. Conclusions Study results indicate that the implementation of HAART has impacted the clinical manifestations of plantar verrucae in HIV-positive individuals. Further analyses with a larger number of patients are required to confirm and substantiate these findings.

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