scholarly journals ‘Mycoplasma hominis does not share common risk factors with other genital pathogens’: Findings from a South African pregnant cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meleshni Naicker ◽  
Fazana Dessai ◽  
Ravesh Singh ◽  
Nireshni Mitchev ◽  
Partson Tinarwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South African ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Tract Pathogen ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Background: The role of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) as a genital tract pathogen was still debatable. This study identified the risk factors associated with the prevalence of M. hominis in South African pregnant women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of n = 221 prenatal patients attending a Durban hospital during November 2017 to April 2018. M. hominis was detected from urine samples using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The population characteristics were described using frequencies stratified by the infection status of M. hominis. In addition, a univariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between each risk factor and infection status. The analysis further considered logistic regression to assess the influence of these risk factors univariately and in the presence of other factors. The coinfection rate between M. hominis and bacterial vaginosis (BV), Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) and Candida species was also determined. All the tests were conducted at 5% level of significance.Results: The prevalence of M. hominis in this study population was 48% (106/221). In the univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with M. hominis positivity included having past abnormal vaginal discharge (p = 0.037), having current abnormal vaginal discharge (p = 0.010) and a borderline significance (p = 0.052), which were noted for previous pre-term delivery. However, none of these factors were sustained in the multivariate analysis. There was a statistically significant association between M. hominis and BV positivity (p 0.001). Similarly, M. hominis and M. genitalium positivity was significant (p = 0.006).Conclusion: This study showed that M. hominis does not share common risk factors with known genital tract pathogens in a population of pregnant women and therefore cannot be considered a genital tract pathogen.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its risk factors in HIV/AIDS patients with abnormal vaginal discharge

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nwadioha ◽  
Daniel Egah ◽  
Edmond Banwat ◽  
Julie Egesie ◽  
Ifeanyi Onwuezobe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Aspek Klinis dan Diagnosis Kandidiasis Vulvovaginal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nora Harminarti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Causative Species

Candidiasis vulvovaginal is an infection of the vaginal and vulva area caused by yeast Candida. The most causative species is Candida albicans. This fungus is commensal in the vagina but it can become a pathogen, causing the infection under certain conditions. Several conditions can be risk factors for this infection. Women are mostly getting infections, especially of productive age. Complaints experienced cause disturbances in the form of itching accompanied by abnormal vaginal discharge. The clinician can make diagnostics based on anamnesis, clinical and microscopic examination. This paper provides information about the causes, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory testing.

scholarly journals “Management of Shweta Pradara with local application of Palashadi Yoga with special reference to Abnormal Vaginal Discharge”

The Healer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Subhadra Karki ◽  
Anupam Tamrakar ◽  
Sharma Sushila
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Effective Remedy

Women are always prone to several forms of infection in their genital tract.It ranges from simple form of infectious discharges to malignant conditions in the genital tract. The infectious types of discharge though appear to be a simple form it can be the start of bigger problems in future if left untreated.The tract infection is also important for the fact that it is a most useful part in process of progeny continuation. So, to find out an effective remedy in Ayurveda Palashadi Yoga was selected.15 patients were selected randomly for present clinical trial study. Highly significant results were observed in discharge per vagina and pain in lower abdomen.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy and Missed Opportunities for Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi Joyisa ◽  
Dhayendre Moodley ◽  
Thandeka Nkosi ◽  
Raesetja Talakgale ◽  
Motshedisi Sebitloane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South African ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Vaginal Ph ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. High rates of bacterial vaginosis (BV) have been described in nonpregnant South African women. Studies of BV in South African pregnant women are sparse. Diagnosis and prompt treatment of BV in pregnancy are expected to have a positive impact on pregnancy outcomes and HIV prevention. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of BV in pregnant women in a high HIV burden periurban setting in KwaZulu-Natal and explore how to enhance BV diagnosis in this setting where syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases is the standard of care.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, consenting HIV uninfected pregnant women were examined for abnormal vaginal discharge; nurses determined the vaginal pH and collected a vaginal swab for Gram-stain and Nugent scoring.Findings. Among 750 HIV uninfected pregnant women, 280 (37.3%; 95%CI 33.9-40.9) tested positive for BV. Using a vaginal pH > 4.4, 65% of women with BV were correctly identified, while an abnormal vaginal discharge correctly identified a significantly lower proportion (52.9%) of women with BV (p=0.005). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of vaginal pH testing were 65.9% (95%CI 60.0 – 71.5%), 61.4% (95%CI 56.8 – 65.9%), and 50.1% and 75.4%, respectively. The 20-24 year-old pregnant women were twice more likely to test positive for BV than the adolescent pregnant women (43.6% vs 21.1%) (p = 0.037) and BV was not associated with the duration of a sexual relationship, frequency of unprotected sex during pregnancy, number of lifetime sex partners, or the partner’s age.Conclusion. There is a high burden of primarily asymptomatic BV in HIV uninfected pregnant women in this periurban setting. Both the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal pH testing are superior to the symptomatic diagnosis of BV but not good enough to be used as a screening tool.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Preinvasive and Invasive Cervical Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
P Shrestha ◽  
P Koirala ◽  
M Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors of preinvasive and invasive cervical cancer.Methods: This was a prospective hospital based case control study conducted from April 2012 to April 2013, which included 91 patients in each group. Among cases, 34 were Cervical Cancer and 57 were Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Simple random method was adopted for selecting patients. Prefixed questionnaire was used. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.0.Results: In multivariate analysis, history of abnormal vaginal discharge and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with cervical cancer (p value of 0.001 and 0.003 respectively) and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (p <0.001). Whereas, early age at first sexual intercourse ≤ 16 years and more than one sexual partner of husband had only borderline significance for Cervical cancer (p value 0.049 and 0.038 respectively).Conclusions: Cigarette smoking and abnormal vaginal discharge were significantly associated with cervical cancer. 

scholarly journals Assessment of the Common Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jeddah

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal A. Murad ◽  
Samia S. Abdulmageed ◽  
Rahila Iftikhar ◽  
Bayan Khaled Sagga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Common

Risk factor management is important in avoiding life-threatening complications and preventing new-onset diabetes. We performed a case-control study in 2013 at ten primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to determine the common risk factors of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and the demographic background of adult Saudi patients with DM2. Known diabetic patients were recruited as cases, while nondiabetic attendants were selected as controls. A pretested designed questionnaire was used to collect data from 159 cases and 128 controls. Cases were more likely than controls to be men (P<0.0001), less educated (P<0.0001), natives of eastern Saudi Arabia (P<0.0001), retired (P<0.0001), lower-salaried (P<0.0001), or married or divorced (P<0.0001). By univariate analysis cases were likely to be current smokers (P<0.0001), hypertensive (P<0.0001), or overweight/obese (P<0.0001). Cases were also more likely to have a history of DM in a first-degree relative (P=0.020). By multivariate analysis, cases were more likely to be older than 40 years (P<0.0001), less educated (P=0.05), married or divorced (P=0.04), jobless/housewives (P<0.0001), or current smokers (P=0.002). They were also more likely to have salaries <7000 Saudi riyals (P=0.01). Overall, prediabetic and high risk groups should be identified and counseled early before the occurrence of diabetes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors and Establishment of a Prediction Model for Endoscopic Primary Bile Reflux: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Guoying Zhu ◽  
Ling She ◽  
Yongnian Ding ◽  
Changqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Erosive Gastritis ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Endoscopic primary bile reflux is one of the main diagnostic criteria for bile reflux gastritis (BRG). Presently, the risk factors and prediction models of endoscopic primary bile reflux (EPBR) in gastropathy patients who cannot or will not undergo endoscopy due to contraindications are not clear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of EPBR and to establish and verify a prediction model.Methods: A series of 844 patients (564 subjects with EPBR and 280 control subjects) were retrospectively selected for this study and divided into a training set (n = 591) and a validation set (n = 253) according to the usual ratio of 70:30% for the subsequent internal validation of the logistic regression model for EPBR. Fifteen parameters that might affect the occurrence of EPBR were collected. Subsequently, univariate and stepwise logistic regression analyses were introduced to reveal the risk factors and the multivariate prediction model. An R package was dedicated to the corresponding internal validation of the EPBR model.Results: The univariate analysis showed that gender, age, smoking, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status, metabolic syndrome (MS), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use history, and previous medical histories of chronic liver diseases, cholelithiasis, and erosive gastritis were statistically significant between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate regression described that being a male [OR (95%confidence interval (CI)) = 2.29 (1.50–3.50), P &lt; 0.001], age≥45 years old [OR (95% CI) = 4.24 (2.59–6.96), P &lt; 0.001], H. pylori infection status [OR (95% CI) = 2.34 (1.37–4.01), P = 0.002], MS [OR (95% CI) = 3.14 (1.77–5.54), P &lt; 0.001], NSAIDs use history [OR (95% CI) = 1.87 (1.03–3.40), P = 0.04], cholelithiasis history [OR (95% CI) = 3.95 (2.18–7.18), P &lt; 0.001] and erosive gastritis history [OR (95% CI) = 6.77 (3.73–12.29), P &lt; 0.001] were the risk factors for the occurrence of EPBR. Based on the results of these risk factors, an EPBR prediction model with an adequate calibration and excellent discrimination was established [area under the curve (AUC): 0.839, 95% CI = 0.806–0.872].Conclusions: Being a male, age ≥ 45 years old, H. pylori infection, histories of MS, NSAIDs use, cholelithiasis, and erosive gastritis appear to be the risk factors for EPBR, and our favorable prediction model might be an option for the prediction of EPBR.

Reasoning of medical tactics at the preconception in patients with a history of miscarriage and abnormal vaginal discharge

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
N.V. Schuruk ◽  
◽  
V.I. Pyrohova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy

The objective: evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the drug complex hinekit during preconception preparation for women with complicated pregnancy loss history and uncomplicated mixed genital infections. Patients and methods. The study involved 65 women with reproductive losses in history, who turned over the abnormal vaginal discharge. Diagnosis of sexual transmitted infections (C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, HSV-II, HPV), assessment of vaginal microbiota was performed by PCR with detection results in real time. Bacterial Vaginosis verified by the Amsel system. Results. All the examinees in the history have miscarriage in the first (56.9%) or the second (43.1%) trimester of pregnancy. According to the results of the patient survey were divided into clinical groups. In 26.2% of women infectious pathology of the lower genital tract has not been confirmed, 26.2% of patients did not give consent to participate in the study and were formed in the control group that received therapy according to existing clinical settings. 31 patients with mixed genital infection (study group) received complex preparation gіnekit. This positive trend was observed in all the patients of the main group (the disappearance of subjective sensations on average 2.2±0.3 hours). After treatment T. vaginalis, BV were not detected in one patient, active mycotic process in the absence of complaints remained at 4.8% of women, complete eradication of C. trachomatis was achieved in 92.3% of patients. Conclusions. Reducing the duration of treatment of mixed genital infections at the preconception in women with reproductive losses in the history is achieved in terms of clinical, microbiological and pharmaco-economic benefits by prescribtion an gіnekit preparation. Summary of clinical and microbiological effects of the proposed approach is 96.0 ± 0.9%, which corresponds to all requirements for multimodal therapy of genital infections, and no side effects, short course of treatment provides a high compliance of patients (9.2±0.7 points). Key words: mixed genital infections, miscarriages, gіnekit, azithromycin, fluconazole, seknidazol.

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