scholarly journals Psychological career resources of working adults: A South African survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinde Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Career Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Organisational Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The main objective of this study was to explore broad trends regarding how individuals from various age, educational, marital, race and gender groups in the South African organisational context differ in terms of their psychological career resources, as measured by the Psychological Career Resources Inventory. A sample of 2 997 working adults registered as students at a South African higher distance education institution participated in this study. The results indicate significant differences between the various biographical variables and the participants’ psychological career resources. In the context of employment equity, and with more women entering the workplace, this study is expected to contribute important knowledge that will inform career development practices concerned with enhancing employees’ career meta-competencies as an important element of their general employability.

scholarly journals Producing subjectivities, taking risks: New directions for teaching women?s poetry in South Africa

Literator ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
P.D. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This paper is based on five years experience of teaching an innovative poetry course at third-year level at a distance education institution. Conceived at a time when universities across the country were in the throes of academic and institutional transformation, the course departed radically from the so-called knowledge-as-accumulated-capital ethos and pointed toward assumptions initiated by Paulo Freire that knowledge can meaningfully emerge from the interaction of students from different backgrounds and asymmetrical social positions, especially when such knowledge is situated within a context which allows for creativity, self-reflexivity and critique. Most significantly, this course made available for students a forum for expressing subjectivity without the accompanying anxiety that they would be penalised for doing so. Questions are raised as to the value of presumed “objectivity” as a criterion for academic discourse, and theoretical considerations concerning the privileging of certain epistemologically suspect procedures are aired. Finally, I describe my particular contribution to the course as teacher of gender theory and show how students react to new, even revolutionary, ideas about the intersections of race and gender in relation to reading and writing about poetry.

Selection of Postgraduate Students in a South African Management Programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Fatima Abrahams ◽  
Christian Friedrich ◽  
Nanette Tredoux
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
South African ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Student Group ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Gender Groups

South African higher education institutions are experiencing challenges regarding access, redress and the successful completion of programmes in an environment where there are still imbalances in the schooling system. Tools are needed that will assist with the process of selecting students. The aim of this study is to determine whether a test battery predicts academic success for postgraduate students at a historically disadvantaged university, and whether there are differences relating to gender and racial and language groups. The test battery considered, GRT2, was designed to measure three areas of ability – verbal, numerical and abstract reasoning. The sample consisted of an applicant group (774 candidates) and a student group (178 candidates). The internal consistency of the three subtests on the total applicant group was sufficiently reliable (above 0.8). Significant mean differences were found between the language groups and the race group for all three subtests, but only significant differences were found between the gender groups, with males obtaining higher scores. For the student group as a whole, correlations of all three subtests with both academic total and academic average marks were highly significant. In addition, the test exhibits predictive bias with regard to language, race and gender in the prediction of the academic total, and particularly for the numeric subtest. The results suggest that the test battery can help in identifying potentially successful students. However, cognisance must be taken of the differences between language groups and gender when interpreting test results. The paper contributes to the presently limited research on the validity of selection tools used in postgraduate programmes in African universities.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER: GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
South African Women

This article explores the complexities of gender-based violence in post-apartheid South Africa and interrogates the socio-political issues at the intersection of class, ‘race’ and gender, which impact South African women. Gender equality is up against a powerful enemy in societies with strong patriarchal traditions such as South Africa, where women of all ‘races’ and cultures have been oppressed, exploited and kept in positions of subservience for generations. In South Africa, where sexism and racism intersect, black women as a group have suffered the major brunt of this discrimination and are at the receiving end of extreme violence. South Africa’s gender-based violence is fuelled historically by the ideologies of apartheid (racism) and patriarchy (sexism), which are symbiotically premised on systemic humiliation that devalues and debases whole groups of people and renders them inferior. It is further argued that the current neo-patriarchal backlash in South Africa foments and sustains the subjugation of women and casts them as both victims and perpetuators of pervasive patriarchal values.

scholarly journals Towards establishing biographical and business background profiles of entrepreneurs from two ethnic and gender groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Schutte ◽  
A. B. Boshoff ◽  
H. F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Entrepreneurs ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The literature on the biographical backgrounds of entrepreneurs seems to contain many contradictory findings. This situation can partly be due to the assumption that samples of entrepreneurs were homogeneous rather than heterogeneous. It appears as if female entrepreneurs have been less well researched than their male counterparts. Differences in the biographical backgrounds and business situation of, respectively, the white and the black entrepreneurs in South Africa have been assumed but little empirical evidence exists in this respect. Black en-trepreneurs, and female entrepreneurs are in most developed societies' minority groups and have not specifically been studied in depth - hence the present study. The biographical and business backgrounds of 569 South African entrepreneurs (106 Black and 463 White; 136 female and 433 male) were studied. One-way Analyses of Variance and Chi-squared followed by Discriminant analyses were carried out to determine whether, respectively, black and white entrepreneurs and male and female entrepreneurs differed in terms of the variables studied. Significant differences between the total group of male and female subjects were found on only five variables. White and black entrepreneurs differed statistically significantly on 16 of the 30 variables studied. Opsomming Die literatuur oor die biografiese agtergronde van entrepreneurs skyn baie teenstrydige bevindinge te bevat. Hierdie kan moontlik deels toegeskryf word aan die aanname dat steekproewe van entrepreneurs eerder homogeen eerder as heterogeen is. Dit skyn asof minder navorsing oor vroulike as oor manlike entrepreneurs gedoen is. Ten spyte van aannames in die verband, bestaan min empiriese gegewens oor die biografiese agtergronde en sake-situasie van respektiewelik wit en swart Suid-Afrikaanse entrepreneurs. Swart en vroulike entrepreneurs is in meeste gemeenskappe minderheidsgroepe en is nog nie in diepte bestudeer nie, daarom die huidige studie. Die biografiese en sake-agtergronde van 569 Suid-Afrikaanse entrepreneurs (106 swart en 463 wit; 136 vroulik en 433 manlik) is bestudeer. Een-rigting Analise van Variansie en Chi-kwadraat gevolg deur Diskriminant Analise is uitgevoer ten einde te bepaal of respektiewelik swart en wit en manlike van vroulike entrepreneurs in terme van die veranderlikes wat bestudeer is, verskil. Betekenisvolle verskille tussen die totale groep van manlike en vroulike entrepreneurs is slegs in terme van vyf veranderlikes gevind. Swart en wit entrepreneurs het statistics beduidend op 16 van die 30 veranderlikes in die studie ingesluit, verskil.

Statistical criteria for separate reference intervals: race and gender groups in creatine kinase

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1580-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
E K Harris ◽  
E T Wong ◽  
S T Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Statistical Criteria

Abstract Previously published data confirming differences in creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) among various race and gender subgroups in the Los Angeles area have been re-examined with use of recently proposed statistical criteria for defining separate reference intervals. Results indicate that one criterion may be too lenient, whereas another is clearly too restrictive in suggesting the need for separate intervals. Further experience with other analytes in both large and small population samples would be helpful.

Sathima Bea Benjamin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Muller
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Career Development ◽  
York City ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

This chapter explores the life and career of Sathima Bea Benjamin, who grew up in Cape Town, South Africa, during the transition to apartheid in the 1940s. Taking melodies she heard on her grandmother's radio, Sathima developed her own jazz singing voice, weaving in her own compositions. With a life embedded in an awareness of race and gender, she left for Europe in 1962. Her migratory lifestyle took her through tours in Europe, supporting her husband musician and caring for her daughters, to her own career development in New York City as a jazz singer with her own trio—where she continues to record, create, and perform. Sathima's vocality and life-stories reveal risks, freedoms, and creative processes as she creates a counternarrative to the discourses of masculinity in jazz.

scholarly journals The psychological contract in relation to employment equity legislation and intention to leave in an open distance higher education institution

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Snyman ◽  
Nadia Ferreira ◽  
Alda Deas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
White Males ◽  
Significant Relationships

In recognition of the injustices of South Africa’s apartheid past, employers have a responsibility to ensure that employment equity practices are implemented, without harming important aspects of the employment relationship, such as the psychological contract and the intention to leave. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the psychological contract, employment equity legislation practices and the intention to leave (as measured by structured questionnaires comprising standardised scales) in an open distance higher education institution. In this regard, special attention was given to the influence of employment equity on employees’ intention to leave, which forms an important part of the psychological contract. The study also focused on the differences that exist between the three different social groupings (Africans, white males and white females, coloureds and Indians), gender and qualification levels regarding their perceptions about how the psychological contract influences employment equity legislation practices and intention to leave. A quantitative survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of employees (N = 339) who were white (58.4%), male (50.1%) and between the ages of 31 and 60 and were all employed at an open distance higher education institution. Correlational statistics and multiple regression analyses revealed a number of significant relationships between the three variables. In the South African employment equity context, the findings provide valuable information that can be used to inform managers and human resource practitioners on employment equity strategies. The practical implications of the findings also add new insights in terms of the psychological contract, intention to leave and management of the employment relationship.

scholarly journals Deaths, Disparities, and Cumulative (Dis)Advantage: How Social Inequities Produce an Impairment Paradox in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Jackson ◽  
Michal Engelman
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Research on health across the life course consistently documents widening racial and socioeconomic disparities from childhood through adulthood, followed by stabilization or convergence in later life. This pattern appears to contradict expectations set by cumulative (dis)advantage (CAD) theory. Informed by the punctuated equilibrium perspective, we examine the relationship between midlife health and subsequent health change and mortality and consider the impact of earlier socioeconomic exposures on observed disparities. Methods Using the Health and Retirement Study, we characterize the functional impairment histories of a nationally-representative sample of 8,464 older adults between 1994-2016. We employ non-parametric and discrete outcome multinomial logistic regression to examine the competing risks of mortality, health change, and attrition. Results Exposures to disadvantages are associated with poorer functional health in midlife and mortality. However, a higher number of functional limitations in midlife is negatively associated with the accumulation of subsequent limitations for white men and women and for Black women. The impact of educational attainment, occupation, wealth, and marriage on later life health differs across race and gender groups. Conclusions Observed stability or convergence in later-life functional health disparities is not a departure from the dynamics posited by CAD, but rather a result of the differential impact of racial and socioeconomic inequities on mortality and health at older ages. Higher exposure to disadvantages and a lower protective impact of advantageous exposures lead to higher mortality among Black Americans, a pattern which masks persistent health inequities later in life.

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