Trends of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in new cases and previously treated cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in referral hospitals in northern India

The present study was undertaken to determine the drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis isolated from 225 pulmonary and 45 extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) media for isolation of M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance to first line anti tubercular drugsnamely isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (ETH) and streptomycin (SM) were determined by indirect proportion method. The overall drug resistance of M. tuberculosis was 53.6% to any of the first line anti tubercular drugs. Rate of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the untreated cases was 4.2%, while it was 36.0% in previously treated cases. It was found that 83.3% rifampicin resistant M. tuberculosis was cross resistant to one or more of other first line anti-tubercular drugs, while cross resistance of INH, ETH and SM resistant isolates was much low. The present study revealed that high level of drug resistance exists to individual anti tubercular drugs and MDR-TB is an emerging problem, particularly in treated cases. Rifampicin resistance could be used as a surrogate marker for drug resistance to other first line anti tubercular drugs.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(2): 41-46

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Mycobacterial Lineages Associated with Drug Resistance in Patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2021/5239529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Getu Diriba ◽

Abebaw Kebede ◽

Habteyes Hailu Tola ◽

Ayinalem Alemu ◽

Bazezew Yenew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Limited Information ◽

East African ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

Background. In Ethiopia, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of illness and death. However, there is limited information available on lineages associated with drug resistance among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia. In this study, researchers looked into Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages linked to drug resistance in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. On 151 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, a cross-sectional analysis was performed. Spoligotyping was used to characterize mycobacterial lineages, while a phenotypic drug susceptibility test was performed to determine the drug resistance pattern. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results. Among 151 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genotyped isolates, four lineages (L1–L4), and Mycobacterium bovis were identified. The predominantly identified lineage was Euro-American (73.5%) followed by East-African-Indian (19.2%). Any drug resistance (RR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis was identified among 16.2% and 7.2% of the Euro-American lineage, respectively, while it was 30.8% and 15.4% among the East-African-Indian lineages. Among all three preextensively drug-resistance (pre-XDR) cases identified, two isolates belong to T3-ETH, and the other one strain was not defined by the database. There was no statistically significant association between any type of drug resistance and either lineage or sublineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion. A higher proportion of any type of drug resistance and MDR was detected among the East-African-Indian lineage compared to others. However, there was no statistically significant association between any type of drug resistance and either lineages or sublineages. Thus, the authors recommend a large-scale study.

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The association of rpoβ gene polymorphism and multi-drug resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

New Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1327 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. S175

Author(s):

Nega Berhane Tessemma

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

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Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000958 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 470-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. BHATTACHARYA ◽

H. BHATTACHARYA ◽

D. S. SAYI ◽

A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽

M. SINGHANIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Third Generation ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

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Congruence between the drug resistance pattern of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. isolated from humans and those from wild animals

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr2015.7581 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (33) ◽

pp. 1928-1934

Author(s):

E A Eze ◽

J K Mustapha ◽

C N Eze ◽

M C Enebe

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

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Newly Emerged Serotype 1c of Shigella flexneri: Multiple Origins and Changing Drug Resistance Landscape

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11091042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1042

Author(s):

Pawan Parajuli ◽

Bui Quang Minh ◽

Naresh K. Verma

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Multiple Origins ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is a major cause of under-five mortality in developing countries, where a novel S. flexneri serotype 1c has become very common since the 1980s. However, the origin and diversification of serotype 1c remain poorly understood. To understand the evolution of serotype 1c and their antimicrobial resistance, we sequenced and analyzed the whole-genome of 85 clinical isolates from the United Kingdom, Egypt, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan belonging to serotype 1c and related serotypes of 1a, 1b and Y/Yv. We identified up to three distinct O-antigen modifying genes in S. flexneri 1c strains, which were acquired from three different bacteriophages. Our analysis shows that S. flexneri 1c strains have originated from serotype 1a and serotype 1b strains after the acquisition of bacteriophage-encoding gtrIc operon. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis using core genes suggests two distinct S. flexneri 1c lineages, one specific to Bangladesh, which originated from ancestral serotype 1a strains and the other from the United Kingdom, Egypt, and Vietnam originated from ancestral serotype 1b strains. We also identified 63 isolates containing multiple drug-resistant genes in them conferring resistance against streptomycin, sulfonamide, quinolone, trimethoprim, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactamase. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility assays showed 83 (97.6%) isolates as either complete or intermediate resistance to the WHO-recommended first- and second-line drugs. This changing drug resistance pattern demonstrates the urgent need for drug resistance surveillance and renewed treatment guidelines.

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