In-vitrosusceptibility testing by agar dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B, fluconazole and ketoconazole against ocular fungal isolates

Candida spp was isolated from 59 (68.60%) out of eighty six samples of oral mucosa of AIDS patients. The identification, based or the production of a germ tube and chlamydospores, and on the assimilation and fermentation of carbohydrates, revealed 52 strains (88.13%) of C. albicans, 4 (6.77%) of C. tropicalis and 3 (5.08%) of C. krusei. The susceptibility of these strains to amphotericin B, flucytosine, itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole was determined using the agar dilution method. Comparing the minimum inhibitory concentration values found in the susceptibility test with the serum levels achieved by these drugs, only 8.47% and 5.08% of the yeasts strains proved to be resistant to amphotericin B and flucitosyne, respectively. A high frequency of strains resistant to azole derivatives (25.42%, to itraconazole, 45.76%, to ketoconazole and 66.10% to fluconazole) was observed.

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Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of commercial toothpastes using an agar dilution method

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/0300-5712(88)90100-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. Moran ◽

M. Addy ◽

W. Wade

Keyword(s):

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Agar Dilution

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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Components of the Essential Oils of Plants Used in the Traditional Medicine of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Puebla, México

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Sebastián Candelaria-Dueñas ◽

Rocío Serrano-Parrales ◽

Marisol Ávila-Romero ◽

Samuel Meraz-Martínez ◽

Julieta Orozco-Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Agar Dilution

In Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley (Mexico), studies have been carried out on the essential oils of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and it was found that they present compounds in common such as: α-pinene, β-pinene, carvacrol, eugenol, limonene, myrcene, ocimene, cineole, methyl salicylate, farnesene, and thymol. The goal of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of essential oils’ compounds. The qualitative evaluation was carried out by the Kirby Baüer agar diffusion technique in Gram-positive bacteria (11 strains), Gram-negative bacteria (18 strains), and yeasts (8 strains). For the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the agar dilution method was used. All the evaluated compounds presented antimicrobial activity. The compounds eugenol and carvacrol showed the largest inhibition zones. Regarding yeasts, the compounds ocimene, cineole, and farnesene did not show any activity. The compounds eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol presented the lowest MIC; bactericidal effect was observed at MIC level for S. aureus 75MR, E. coli 128 MR, and C albicans CUSI, for different compounds, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol. Finally, this study shows that the essential oils of plants used by the population of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley share compounds and some of them have antibacterial and fungicidal activity.

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Antibiotic sensitivities of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients and carriers in Greece

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800049955 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. Tzanakaki ◽

C. C. Blackwell ◽

J. Kremastinou ◽

C. Kallergi ◽

G. Kouppari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

School Children ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Of Greece

SUMMARYUsage of antibiotics in southern Europe is less well regulated than in northern countries. The proportion (48%) of meningococci in Spain insensitive to penicillin (MIC ≥ 0·1 mg/l) prompted this investigation of antibiotic sensitivities of isolates from Greek patients with meningitis (31) and carriers (47 school-children and 472 recruits). The agar dilution method was used to determine MIC to penicillin G (PN), sulphamethoxazole (SU), rifampicin (RF), cefaclor (CF) and ciprofloxacin (CP).The proportion of isolates insensitive to PN was 48% for isolates from patients, 19% from school-children and 36·6% from recruits. Resistance to SU (MIC ≥ 16 mg/l) was found in 16% of those from patients, 10·6% from children and 40% from recruits. None of the isolates from patients was resistant to RF (≥ 1 mg/l) but 6% of those from carriers were. Resistance to CF (≥ 4 mg/l) was found in 9·2% of patient isolates, 6·4% from children and 23·7% from recruits. All isolates except one were sensitive to CP (MIC range < 0·0015–0·125 mg/l).Resistances to PN, SU and RF were analysed by serogroup, serotype and subtype of the bacteria. The proportion of resistant isolates showed some variation between different areas of Greece, but it was not statistically significant.

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Prevalence and characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae strains in Algeria

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.3127 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 804-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sabrina Nedjai ◽

Abouddihaj Barguigua ◽

Nassima Djahmi ◽

Loubna Jamali ◽

Khalid Zerouali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Synergy Test ◽

High Level ◽

Genomic Typing ◽

Microbiological Data

Introduction: Expended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacter cloacae is an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, the prevalence and the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing E. cloacae strains isolated from various hospitals in Annaba, Algeria were investigated. Methodology: The study involved 63 isolates of E. cloacae obtained during 2009 at the four hospitals in Annaba. The detection of ESBL was performed using the double-disk synergy test and the combined disk test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the agar dilution method. The presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaDHA β-lactamase genes was evaluated by PCR, and genomic typing was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The clinical and microbiological data were entered into the EpiI Info database. Results: Thirty isolates (47.6%) had an ESBL phenotype. BlaCTX-M group1 (76%); blaTEM (70%) were the most prevalent, followed by blaDHA (16.6%) and blaSHV (10%). Eighteen strains expressed at least two bla genes. MICs revealed a high level of resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefepime. PFGE revealed an epidemic clonal dissemination of these isolates. Various risk factors associated with the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. cloacae were detected. Conclusions: A higher frequency of ESBL-producing isolates and a diversity of β-lactamases were detected among ESBL-producing E. cloacae; these resulted from an epidemic clonal dissemination and high transference of ESBL genes between bacteria in hospital settings. Strict measures will be required to control the further spread of these pathogens in hospital settings.

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Antifungal and Antibacterial Metabolites from a French Poplar Type Propolis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/319240 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Séverine Boisard ◽

Anne-Marie Le Ray ◽

Anne Landreau ◽

Marie Kempf ◽

Viviane Cassisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Weak Activity ◽

Agar Dilution

During this study, thein vitroantifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts (aqueous and organic) obtained from a French propolis batch were evaluated. Antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution on three pathogenic strains:Candida albicans, C. glabrata, andAspergillus fumigatus. Antibacterial activity was assayed using agar dilution method on 36 Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains includingStaphylococcus aureus. Organic extracts showed a significant antifungal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata(MIC80between 16 and 31 µg/mL) but only a weak activity towardsA. fumigatus(MIC80= 250 µg/mL). DCM based extracts exhibited a selective Gram-positive antibacterial activity, especially againstS. aureus(SA) and several of its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains (MIC10030–97 µg/mL). A new and active derivative of catechin was also identified whereas a synergistic antimicrobial effect was noticed during this study.

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Antimicrobial activity of honeys from two stingless honeybee species and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) against pathogenic microorganisms

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/s0044-59672014000200015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 287-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carolinie Batista Nobre da Cruz ◽

Fabio Alessandro Pieri ◽

Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse ◽

Patrícia Puccinelli Orlandi ◽

Carlos Gustavo Nunes-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Apis Mellifera ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

E Coli ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Amazonas State

Honeys are described possessing different properties including antimicrobial. Many studies have presented this activity of honeys produced by Apis mellifera bees, however studies including activities of stingless bees honeys are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of honeys collected in the Amazonas State from Melipona compressipes, Melipona seminigra and Apis mellifera against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Candida albicans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method with Müller-Hinton agar (for bacteria) or Saboraud agar (for yeast). Staphylococcus aureus and E. faecalis were inhibited by all honeys at concentrations below 12%, while E. coli and C. violaceum were inhibited by stingless bee honeys at concentrations between 10 and 20%. A. mellifera honey inhibited E. coli at a concentration of 7% and Candida violaceum at 0.7%. C. albicans were inhibited only with honey concentrations between 30 and 40%. All examined honey had antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, thus serving as potential antimicrobial agents for several therapeutic approaches.

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