Changes of the upper lip in orthodontic and orthopedic treatment of angle′s class II malocclusion

Aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of orthopedic treatment for Class II malocclusion with Functional Appliances (FAs) on the dimensions of the upper airways. Eight databases were searched up to October 2020 for randomized or nonrandomized clinical studies on FA treatment of Class II patients with untreated control groups. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to Cochrane guidelines, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by subgroup/meta-regression analyses and assessment of the quality of evidence. A total of 20 nonrandomized clinical studies (4 prospective/16 retrospective) including 969 patients (47.9% male; mean age 10.9 years) were identified. Orthopedic treatment with FAs was associated with increased oropharynx volume (MD = 2356.14 mm3; 95% CI = 1276.36 to 3435.92 mm3; p < 0.001) compared to natural growth. Additionally, significant increases in nasopharynx volume, minimal constricted axial area of pharyngeal airway, and airway were seen, while removable FAs showed considerably greater effects than fixed FAs (p = 0.04). Finally, patient age and treatment duration had a significant influence in the effect of FAs on airways, as had baseline matching and sample size adequacy. Clinical evidence on orthopedic Class II treatment with FAs is associated with increased upper airway dimensions. However, the quality of evidence is very low due to methodological issues of existing studies, while the clinical relevance of increases in airway dimensions remains unclear.

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Patients with Class II Malocclusion: Cephalometric analysis in the Tegumentary Profile

ConScientiae Saúde ◽

10.5585/conssaude.v8i3.1641 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 497-502

Author(s):

Sandra Kalil Bussadori ◽

Carlos Eduardo Bugano de Oliveira ◽

Carolina Cardoso Guedes ◽

Kristianne Porta Fernandes ◽

Analúcia Ferreira Marangoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

T Test ◽

Cephalometric Analysis ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Group I ◽

Student’S T ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Student’S T Test

The aim of the study was to assess cephalometric abnormalities in the tegumentary profile of patients with Class II malocclusion. Twenty patients with average age of seven years and eight months were divided into: Group I - control, Class I, no malocclusions (n=10); Group II – Class II malocclusion (n=10). Standardized radiography was performed for the obtainment of the cephalometric points. Langlade’s classification was employed and the features were used: GN.Sn.Pog, ANL,A´-Gv, Pog´- Gv, Ls-GV, Li-GV, Sls-Gv, Sli-Gv. The Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used, with the level of significance set at 5%. The results show that the patients with Class II had more convex tegumentary profile, less protruded mid face and upper lip, less depth of the upper lip groove and more retracted lower lip and tegumentary chin, with statistically significant differences between groups (p0.005). The conclusion is that the patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited cephalometric abnormalities in the tegumentary profile.

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Identification of Orthodontic Extraction Predictors in End-On Class II Malocclusion

Journal of The Pakistan Dental Association ◽

10.25301/jpda.303.178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (03) ◽

pp. 178-182

Author(s):

Batool Ali ◽

◽

Waqar Jeelani ◽

Attiya Shaikh ◽

Tabassum Ahsan Quadeer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Plan ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Class Ii ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Treatment Predictors ◽

Extraction Treatment

BJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the different treatment predictors which help in the extraction and non-extraction decision of an end-on Class II malocclusion case. METHODOLOGY: The pretreatment records of 240 adult subjects aged 15-40 years with bilateral end-on Class II molar relationship were retrospectively selected and categorized under extraction (120) and non-extraction (120) treatment categories. The extraction cases were planned for different combinations of premolar extractions. The independent variables i.e., the cephalometric and orthodontic cast measurements were obtained from the recruited sample. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied using SPSS software. RESULTS: Increased upper and lower incisor inclinations (p < 0.001) and procumbent upper lip (p = 0.004) was statistically significant in the extraction group. According to the regression model, the odds of extraction treatment were 1.12 times greater than non-extraction treatment for every one degree increase in upper and lower incisor inclinations, respectively. The chances of extraction treatment were 1.6 times higher than non-extraction treatment for every 1 mm increase in the distance of upper lip to S-plane. CONCLUSIONS: The upper and lower incisors inclinations and upper lip position are the critical factors affecting the extraction decision in adult patients with end-on Class II molar relationships. Overjet, dental crowding and the vertical growth pattern were found to be clinically insignificant in opting for an extraction treatment plan for such cases. KEYWORDS: Treatment, Angle Class II, tooth extraction, non-extraction

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Treatment of class II and class III maloccolusion by using churro jumper: an efficient, inexpensive and uncomplicated fixed flexible functional technique

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v4e120169-12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Shubhangi Amit Mani ◽

Nilesh Mote ◽

Kunal Dilip Pawar ◽

Prashantkumar Mishra ◽

Richa Anil Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Functional Appliance ◽

Orthopedic Treatment ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Centric Relation ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Relationship Of

Functional orthopedic treatment seeks to improve skeletal and dental relationship of the jaws. The challenging task is to correctly position jaws antero-posteriorly and vertically with correct overbite, overjet and Centric relation. The Churro Jumper is an efficient, inexpensive and uncomplicated fixed flexible functional appliance. It is used to evaluate the efficacy of the Churro Jumper appliance in treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. Churro Jumper contributes in correction of Class II molar relationship by dento-alveolar effects on both jaws. There was up-righting of maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisors. Churro Jumper is clinically efficient as well as effective appliance to correct skeletal class II malocclusion. The only problem with this appliance is its frequent breakage and oral hygiene maintenance causing inconvenience to both patient as well as operator.

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Changes in soft tissue profile using functional appliances in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1502012s ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zorana Stamenkovic ◽

Vanja Raickovic ◽

Vladimir Ristic

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Class Ii ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Type I ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Facial Esthetics ◽

Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction. The effects of orthodontic treatment are considered to be successful if the facial harmony is achieved, while the structures of soft tissue profile are in harmony with skeletal structures of neurocranium and viscerocranium. In patients with skeletal distal bite caused by mandibular retrognathism, facial esthetics is disturbed often, in terms of pronounced convexity of the profile and change in the position and relationship of the lips. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of soft tissue profile changes in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion treated with three different orthodontic appliances: Fr?nkel functional regulator type I (FR-I), Balters? Bionator type I and Hotz appliance. Methods. The study included 60 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusion caused by mandibular retrognathism, in the period of early mixed dentition. Each subgroup of 20 patients was treated with a variety of orthodontic appliances. On the lateral cephalogram, before and after treatment, the following parameters were analyzed: T angle, H angle, the height of the upper lip, the position of the upper and lower lip in relation to the esthetic line. Within the statistical analysis the mean, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures and the factor analysis of variance were calculated using ANOVA, Bonferroni test and Student?s t-test. Results. A significant decrease of angles T and H was noticed in the application of FR-I, from 21.60? to 17.15?, and from 16.45? to 13.40? (p<0.001). FR-I decreased the height of the upper lip from 26.15 mm to 25.85 mm, while Hotz appliance and Balters? Bionator type I increased the height of the upper lip, thereby deteriorating esthetics of the patient. Conclusion. All used orthodontic appliances lead to changes in soft tissue profile in terms of improving facial esthetics, with the most distinctive changes in the application of Fr?nkel?s functional regulator type I, which is the most successful appliance for achieving the overall facial harmony of the patient.

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An Innovative Procedure for Lip Lengthening in a Patient with a Short Upper Lip and High-Angle Skeletal Class II Pattern: A Case Report

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/03015742211007618 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030157422110076

Author(s):

Mukesh Kumar ◽

Manish Goyal ◽

Jha Bhavna ◽

Sumit Tomar ◽

Ashish Kushwah

Keyword(s):

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Temporary Anchorage Devices ◽

Innovative Method ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Treatment Alternatives

Skeletal class II malocclusion in adult patients with severe gummy smile is challenging for orthodontist and often requires surgical intervention. The difficulty increases when patients refuse orthognathic surgery, and orthodontists have limited treatment alternatives. This report describes the case of a patient with severe dento-skeletal class II malocclusion with excessive gingival display while smiling. The patient was treated with temporary anchorage devices, and an innovative method of lip repositioning was devised to correct the irregularity.

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Soft-tissue changes after Class II malocclusion treatment using the Sander bite-jumping appliance: a retrospective study

Minerva Stomatologica ◽

10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04197-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michele Tepedino ◽

Maria V. Della Noce ◽

Domenico Ciavarella ◽

Patrizia Gallenzi ◽

Massimo Cordaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

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Uso de propulsor mandibular fixo Flex Developer como recurso no tratamento da Classe II em paciente não colaborador

Orthodontic Science and Practice ◽

10.24077/2020;1352-4051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (52) ◽

pp. 40-51

Author(s):

Renato Barcellos Rédua

Keyword(s):

Upper Airway ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

High Incidence ◽

Therapeutic Alternatives ◽

Smile Aesthetics ◽

Treatment Alternatives

Class II malocclusion has a high incidence in the population, which may compromise smile aesthetics, occlusion function and stability. Skeletal Class II may affect facial aesthetics and upper airway volume. Class II malocclusion is routinely associated with skeletal Class II condition, having as treatment alternatives the use of Extra Buccal Appliance (EBA) or removable or fixed propulsor appliance. This article describes a case of a patient who did not accept the use of EBA and so it was fitted a Flex Developer propulsor for Class II correction and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic alternatives for Class II correction.

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Functional Appliances in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion- A Review

10.24087/iam.2017.1.1.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aakash Shah ◽

Purvesh Shah ◽

Santosh Goje ◽

Romil Shah ◽

Bhumi Modi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Functional Appliances

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Comparative Dentoskeletal Study of Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Subjects

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9365 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Jyoti Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Basic Difference ◽

Cephalometric Radiograph ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Division 1 ◽

Dentoskeletal Morphology ◽

Division 2 ◽

Dental Cast ◽

Class Ii Division 1

The dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II malocclusion subjects were evaluated using cephalometric radiograph and dental cast of 60 untreated patients. The sample included 30 Class II Division 1 and 30 Class II Division 2 malocclusion patients. The inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar, inter-canine alveolar, inter-premolar alveolar, inter-molar alveolar widths are measured on study models. The result showed statistically significant difference between the groups for mandibular inter-canine width only. The cephalometric analysis revealed that SNB angle was responsible for the skeletal sagittal difference between the two groups except for the position of maxillary incisors. No basic difference in dentoskeletal morphology existed between Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 malocclusions.

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