scholarly journals Presence of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) & AmpC positive non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli among Intensive Care Unit patients with special reference to molecular detection of blaCTX-M& blaAmpCgenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Malik ◽  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Meher Rizvi ◽  
Moied Ahmed
Author(s):  
M. Nishanthy ◽  
Chitralekha Saikumar

Antimicrobial resistance is a budding threat worldwide. The every class of antibiotic agents must have resistance mechanisms.The principal mechanism for resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria is the production of β-lactamase. The creation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a vital mechanism which is responsible for the resistance to the cephalosporins. During the last 2 decades, ESBL producing gram-negative bacilli have arose as a major problem in many settings. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins by attainment and manifestation of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzymes among gram-negative bacilli is on a rise. To isolate the ESBL strains from various clinical samples in ICU. To find out the prevalence of ESBL producing gram negative bacilli during the period of December 2017 - December 2018 in the Intensive care unit of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. Totally 27 out of 139 gram negative bacilli (19.42%) were found to be ESBL producers. ESBL triggering gram negative bacilli spiteful the biological sample like blood,  urine, wound  swab, sputum  were 36.36%, 16.00%, 10.00%, 9.09% individually Though Meropenem is 100% sensitive to all ESBL beginning gram negative bacilli, but still sensitivity also witnessed with some cheaper drugs like Cotrimoxazole (33.33%), Amikacin (48.14%), Gentamicin (40.7%), Ciprofloxacin (22.22%). Hence we care and will provide an analysis and treatment for affected patients with Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing organisms.


Author(s):  
Ifeyinwa N. Nwafia ◽  
Martin E. Ohanu ◽  
Samuel O. Ebede ◽  
Uchenna C. Ozumba

Abstract Background The use of antibiotic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases has greatly contributed to the decrease in morbidity and mortality, but these great advances in treatment are being undermined by the rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistant organisms. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes hydrolyzing the beta lactam antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins and monobactams but not cephamycins and carbapenems. They pose a serious global health threat and have become a challenge for health care providers. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu and to detect the risk factors for acquisition of the resistant organism. To proffer advice on antibiotic stewardship in clinical practice and public health interventions, to curb the spread of the resistant organisms in the hospital. Results Out of the 200 E. coli isolates, 70 (35.00%) were confirmed positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. Fifty-three (75.7%) were from hospital acquired infections. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol while 68 (97.14%) of the 70 isolates were susceptible to imipenem. BlaTEM, blaSHV and blaTEM were detected in 66 (94%) of the 70 isolates. The ESBL bla genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26; 37.14%), blaTEM (n = 7; 10.00%), blaSHV (n = 2; 2.86%), blaCTX-M/TEM (n = 7; 10.0%), blaCTX-M/SHV (n = 14; 20.0%) and blaCTX-M/TEM/SHV (n = 10; 14.29%). The three bla genes were not detected in 4 (5.71%) of the isolates. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were the associated risk factors to infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Conclusion There is a high rate of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were associated risk factors.


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