scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted imaging: As the first diagnostic clue to Creutzfeldt Jacob disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 408-410
Author(s):  
Sunitha P. Kumaran ◽  
Kanchan Gupta ◽  
B. T. Pushpa ◽  
Sanjaya Viswamitra ◽  
E. V. Joshy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Rapid Cognitive Decline ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Clue ◽  
And Inversion

ABSTRACTWe describe a case report where the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) was suspected by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiologist in a 75-year-old lady who presented with rapid cognitive decline. MRI revealed cortical T2 and FLAIR(fluid attenuation and inversion recovery) hyperintensities in bilateral fronto-parietal and temporo-occipital locations and showed significant restriction on diffusion-weighted images(DWI). In this case report, we discuss the role of MRI to suspect the diagnosis of CJD in appropriate clinical settings.

Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted images in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: case report

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Parazzini ◽  
S. Mammi ◽  
M. Comola ◽  
G. Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Jakob Disease

Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fiber Tractography

2009 ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Evanthia E. Tripoliti ◽  
Dimitrios I. Fotiadis ◽  
Konstantia Veliou
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Tissue Microstructure ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality which can significantly improve our understanding of the brain structures and neural connectivity. DTI measures are thought to be representative of brain tissue microstructure and are particularly useful for examining organized brain regions, such as white matter tract areas. DTI measures the water diffusion tensor using diffusion weighted pulse sequences which are sensitive to microscopic random water motion. The resulting diffusion weighted images (DWI) display and allow quantification of how water diffuses along axes or diffusion encoding directions. This can help to measure and quantify the tissue’s orientation and structure, making it an ideal tool for examining cerebral white matter and neural fiber tracts. In this chapter the authors discuss the theoretical aspects of DTI, the information that can be extracted from DTI data, and the use of the extracted information for the reconstruction of fiber tracts and the diagnosis of a disease. In addition, a review of known fiber tracking algorithms is presented.

scholarly journals Early Lesion of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Detected by Standardizing Diffusion-Weighted Images

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (18) ◽  
pp. 1717-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Yaguchi ◽  
Hisa Yaguchi ◽  
Tohru Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Early Lesion

scholarly journals Detection of Low-Signal Pulvinar Areas Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Patients with Dementia Experiencing Visual Hallucinations

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuko Sugiura ◽  
Masayuki Satoh ◽  
Ken-ichi Tabei ◽  
Tomoki Saito ◽  
Mutsuki Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
State Examination

Background: Little research has been conducted regarding the role of pulvinar nuclei in the pathogenesis of visual hallucinations due to the difficulty of assessing abnormalities in this region using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relative abilities of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to visualize the pulvinar and to ascertain the relationship between pulvinar visualization and visual hallucinations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 3T MRIs from 73 patients (31 males, 42 females; mean age 73.5 ± 12.7 years) of the Memory Clinic of Mie University Hospital was conducted. Correlations between pulvinar visualization and the following were analyzed: age, sex, education, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Evans index, and visual hallucinations. Results: DWI detected low-signal pulvinar areas in approximately half of the patients (52.1%). Participants with pulvinar visualization were significantly older, and the pulvinar was more frequently visualized in patients who had experienced visual hallucinations compared to those who had not. No significant association was observed between whole brain atrophy and pulvinar visualization. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that diffusion-weighted 3T MRI is the most suitable method for the detection of pulvinar nuclei in patients with dementia experiencing visual hallucinations.

scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Oncology: An Update

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
Rodolfo Bignone ◽  
Alberto Bruno ◽  
Antonio Bruno ◽  
Federico Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Almost All

To date, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is included in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for several cancers. The real additive role of DWI lies in the “functional” information obtained by probing the free diffusivity of water molecules into intra and inter-cellular spaces that in tumors mainly depend on cellularity. Although DWI has not gained much space in some oncologic scenarios, this non-invasive tool is routinely used in clinical practice and still remains a hot research topic: it has been tested in almost all cancers to differentiate malignant from benign lesions, to distinguish different malignant histotypes or tumor grades, to predict and/or assess treatment responses, and to identify residual or recurrent tumors in follow-up examinations. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview on the application of DWI in oncology.

scholarly journals The role of magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis presented with lymphedema-like swelling: a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Karen Ka Man Ng ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Chak Sing Lau ◽  
Ho Yin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractWe report a 45-year-old lady with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented to us with unilateral swelling of the left hand and wrist, mimicking lymphedema. She was arranged to have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the affected hand and wrist. Lymphedema was successfully ruled out, and severe synovitis and tenosynovitis were found to be the causes of the extensive swelling. The case report aims to illustrate the importance of MRI in diagnosing and differentiating other important pathologies for lymphedema-like swelling in patients with RA.

scholarly journals Cardiomyopathy associated with Ceutzfeld–Jakob disease: a diagnosis of exclusion: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok ◽  
Katia Orvin ◽  
Edna Inbar ◽  
Eldad Rechavia
Keyword(s):  
Safety Concern ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Prnp Gene ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Work Up

Abstract Background Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), the most common prion disease in humans, is primarily known for its adverse neurological impact and inevitable mortality. Data regarding myocardial involvement in CJD are scarce. Case summary A 54-year-old female patient, presented with progressive effort dyspnoea, was diagnosed with unexplained non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. An extensive cardiac work-up including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal any underlying aetiology. Simultaneously, the patient developed involuntary limb movements and progressive cognitive decline. Thalamic high-signal abnormalities on diffusion-weighted images were apparent on brain MRI. Based on these findings, she was subsequently referred to a neurology department, where she suddenly died the day after her admission. Brain autopsy demonstrated spongiform encephalopathy. A genetic analysis performed to her son revealed a mutation in the PRNP gene; all of these were consistent with CJD. Discussion This case describes the clinical association of CJD and cardiomyopathy and the diagnosis prion-induced cardiomyopathy by exclusion. It is not inconceivable that the coexistence of these two clinical entities may be related to genetic expression and contemporaneously deposition of infectious prions in myocardial muscle and brain tissue. Awareness of this possible association could be of important public-safety concern, and merits further collaborative cardiac-neurological work-up to elucidate this phenotype among patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy with neurological symptoms that resemble CJD.

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