scholarly journals Comparison of anti-plaque efficacy between a low and high cost dentifrice: A short term randomized double-blind trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Ganavadiya ◽  
B. R. Chandra Shekar ◽  
Pankaj Goel ◽  
Sudheer G. Hongal ◽  
Manish Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the anti-plaque efficacy of a low and high cost commercially available tooth paste among 13-20 years old adolescents in a Residential Home, Bhopal, India. Materials and Methods: The study was randomized double-blind parallel clinical trial conducted in a Residential Home, Bhopal, India. A total of 65 patients with established dental plaque and gingivitis were randomly assigned to either low cost or high cost dentifrice group for 4 weeks. The plaque and gingival scores at baseline and post-intervention were assessed and compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and the independent sample t-test. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05. Results: Results indicated a significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores in both groups post-intervention compared with the baseline. Difference between the groups was not significant. No adverse events were reported and both the dentifrices were well-tolerated. Conclusion: Low cost dentifrice is equally effective to the high cost dentifrice in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation.

scholarly journals The effect of sensorimotor retraining intervention in the management of persistent pain due to cervical radiculopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3669-3677
Author(s):  
Senthir Ramanathan ◽  
Paul Browning ◽  
Dr.James Inklebarger MD
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cervical Radiculopathy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention

Background. Recent evidence suggests that Sensorimotor Retraining (SMR) offers positive outcomes for patients suffering with Nonspecific Low Back Pain (Wand 2010). The objective behind this study is to evaluate the effects of SMR in patients with persistent  Cervical Radiculopathy (PCR). Design. Multiple baseline single –subject A1-B-A2 research design Method. A case series of five subjects complaining of unilateral PCR participated in graded SMR program and were evaluated using validated outcome measures, weekly during an eight week period of this study. Results. The DrG goniometer app (ROM) and the tuning fork showed high Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC’s) for flexion (0.800), abduction (0.714) and timed vibration test (TVT) (0.891). Patients reported significant short-term reductions in pain intensity and disability. Wilcoxon rank test’s post-intervention score was statistically significant. For the S-LANNS z=-2.060, p=0.039, NPRS: Z=-2.041, p=0.041, with median pain score rating dropped from 6.00 to 3.00.  T-test results for PSFS showed: t (4) = -5.138, p<0.007, while the NDI t-test was: t (4) =4.550, p<0.010.  However, there was a limited mean average improvement of 70 to 90 in flexion and abduction ROM’s, in spite of statistical significance. Post-hoc power analysis yielded statistically significant values (PSFS-0.96, NPRS-0.99, NDI-0.91, and S-LANSS-0.99) Conclusion. SMR retraining offers short-term pain reduction and improvement in the disability of patients suffering from PCR pathology. However these preliminary results should be weighed with caution as it was carried out in a private practice setting and the longer term effects still need to be evaluated in a more-robust research design study.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Short-Term Walking Intervention to Decrease Perceived Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Private University ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Walking Intervention ◽  
The Impact

This study examined a short-term, low-cost walking intervention developed and implemented at a small, private university in the upper Midwest. Results showed a significant decrease in perceived stress (pre-intervention PSQ mean = 0.41 ± 0.16 versus post-intervention PSQ mean = 0.30 ± 0.14, p <0.001), and a significant increase in daily steps (pre-intervention mean = 6,810 ± 2,544 versus post-intervention mean = 9,352 ± 2,825, p < 0.001). These results provide support for the effectiveness of a short-term walking intervention to increase daily steps and decrease perceived stress for university employees.

scholarly journals “JUMPing into Diabetes Control”: A Group-Setting Self-Empowerment Lifestyle Intervention among Diabetes Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Sheena Henry ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
Virginia Alexander ◽  
Richard O’Neal ◽  
Stephen Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Internal Medicine Resident ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Medicine Resident ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Paired T Test

We examined the impact of a group-based self-empowerment intervention among diabetes patients, which uses multidisciplinary education, collaborative learning, peer support, and development of diabetes-specific social capital to improve glycemic control and weight management. Thirty-five patients who had primary care established at the Prisma Health Upstate, Internal Medicine Resident clinic and held the diagnosis of diabetes for longer than one year were recruited for our single-arm pilot intervention. Each group intervention session involved one to two internal medicine resident physician facilitators, a clinical diabetic educator, and 5–10 patients. Each session had a framework facilitated by the resident, with most of the discussion being patient-led, aiming to provide a collaborative learning environment and create a support group atmosphere to encourage self-empowerment. Patients’ hemoglobin A1c level and body mass index (BMI) before the intervention and 3 to 6 months after completion were collected from the laboratory results obtained in the participants’ routine clinic visits. All graduates from this three-week intervention were invited to attend monthly maintenance sessions, and we tracked the HgbA1c measures of 29 JUMP graduates one year after the intervention, even though 13 of the 29 chose not to participate in the monthly maintenance sessions. The pre-intervention HgbA1c level averaged 8.84%, whereas the post-intervention HgbA1c level averaged 7.81%. A paired t test showed that this pre–post difference of 1.03 percentage points was statistically significant (p = 0.0007). For BMI, there was an average decline of 0.78 from the pre-intervention mean value of 40.56 to the post-intervention mean value of 39.78 (p = 0.03). Among the 29 participants who agreed to participate in our follow-up measure of their HgbA1c status one year after the intervention, a paired t test showed that there was no significant difference between the post-JUMP measure and the follow-up measure (p = 0.808). There was no statistically significant difference between the HgbA1c level of those participating in the maintenance program and that of those not participating (post-intervention t test of between-group difference: p = 0.271; follow-up t test of between-group difference: p = 0.457). Our single-arm, pilot study of the three-week group intervention of self-empowerment shows promising results in glycemic control and weight loss. The short duration and small number of sessions expected could make it more feasible for implementation and dissemination as compared with popular intervention protocols that require much longer periods of attendance, if the effectiveness of this patient group-based self-empowerment approach can be further established by randomized controlled studies in the future.

Investigating parent of origin effects (POE) and anticipation in Irish Lynch syndrome kindreds.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1542-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Farrell ◽  
David J. Hughes ◽  
Jasmin Schmid ◽  
Philip S. Boonstra ◽  
Bhramar Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
T Test ◽  
Affected Parent ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Parent Child

1542 Background: Genetic diseases associated with dynamic mutations often display parent-of-origin effects (POE) in which the risk of disease depends on the sex of the parent from whom the disease allele was inherited. Genetic anticipation describes the progessively earlier onset and increased severity of disease in successive generations of a family. Previous studies have provided limited evidence for and against both POE effect and anticipation in Lynch syndrome (LS). We sought evidence for a specific POE effect and anticipation in Irish LS families. Methods: Affected parent-child pairs (APCPs) (N = 53) were evaluated from LS kindreds (N = 20) from two hospital-based registries and one cancer genetic centre. POE were investigated by studying the ages at diagnosis in the offspring of affected parent-child pairs. Anticipation was assessed by a paired t-test, and bivariate Huang and Vieland model. Results: See Table. Paired t-test revealed anticipation with children developing cancer mean 11.8 years earlier than parents, and 12.7 years using the Huang and Vieland model (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a similar age at diagnosis among all offspring of affected mothers that was indistinguishable from affected fathers. Affected sons of affected mothers were diagnosed with cancer almost 3 years younger than female offspring; however, this finding failed to reach statistical significance. Evidence of anticipation was suggested in this cohort, emphasizing the importance of early-onset screening. Addition LS families are under review and updated data will be presented at the meeting. [Table: see text]

Effect of prophylactic fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) on exertional dyspnea in patients with cancer: A pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10085-10085
Author(s):  
David Hui ◽  
Kelly L. Kilgore ◽  
Susan Frisbee-Hume ◽  
Minjeong Park ◽  
Diane D Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
T Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fentanyl Buccal Tablet ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Paired T Test

10085 Background: Exertional dyspnea is one of the most common, debilitating and difficult-to-treat symptoms in cancer patients. Few clinical trials have been conducted. We tested the hypothesis that FBT, a rapid onset opioid, given prophylactically prior to exertion can improve exertional dyspnea. Methods: In this double-blind parallel (1:1) RCT, we asked cancer patients who were opioid-tolerant and had exertional dyspnea to complete a 6 minute walk test (6MWT) at baseline, and then randomly assigned them to either FBT proportional to 20-50% of daily dose or placebo 30 minutes before a second 6MWT. The primary outcome was a validated 11-point dyspnea NRS assessing dyspnea “now” (where 0 = none and 10 = worst possible) every minute during each 6MWT. Secondary outcomes included walk distance, vital signs and neurocognitive testing, adverse effects, and global impression. Ten evaluable patients in the FBT provided 80% power to detect an effect size as small as 1.0 using a two-sided paired t-test with a significance level of 5% to compare the change of dyspnea between the first and second walk tests. We compared the outcomes between the first and second 6MWTs using paired t-test. Results: Among 22 patients enrolled, 20 (91%) completed the study (9 FBT, 11 placebo). FBT was associated with a significant within-arm reduction in dyspnea NRS between 0 and 6 minutes (mean change -2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.5, -1.3) and respiratory rate (mean change -2.6, 95% CI -4.7, -0.4). Placebo was also associated with a non-statistically significant decrease in dyspnea (mean change -1.1). Between arm comparison of dyspnea scores in the second 6MWT favored FBT, albeit not statistically significant (estimate -0.25, P = 0.068). Global impression revealed more patients in the FBT group than placebo group reporting their dyspnea was at least “somewhat better” in the second 6MWT (4/9 vs. 0/11, P = 0.03). The other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between arms. Conclusions: These data support our hypothesis that proportionally dosed FBT was associated with improvement in exertional dyspnea, and highlights the need for larger confirmatory trials. Clinical trial information: NCT01856114.

scholarly journals The effect of erythropoietin on alanine aminotransferase during ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tsompos ◽  
C. Panoulis ◽  
K. Ïtutouzas ◽  
G. Zografos ◽  
A. Papalois
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Paired T Test

The aim of this experiment study was the erythropoietin testing, on the rat model and particularly on ischemia reperfusion protocol. The benefit or the non effect of that molecule was studied biochemically on blood alanine aminotransferase. Material and methods 40 rats were used of mean weight 247,7 gr. Alanine aminotrans-ferase was measured at these time points: on 60 min after reperfusion (groups A and C), and on 120 min after reperfusion (groups B and D), A and B without but C and D with erythropoietin administration. Results were that 1) erythropoietin administration increased significantly the ALT by 15.2 IU/L [-0.6168546 IU - 31.01685 IU/L] (P= 0.0591), in accordance also with paired t-test (P=0.0480), 2) reperfusion time increased non significantly the ALT by 3.4 IU/L [-13.1482 IU - 19.9482 IU/L] (P= 0.6798), in accordance also with paired t-test (P= 0.5994), and 3) interaction with erythropoietin administration and reperfusion time increased non significantly the ALT levels by 3.581818 IU/L [-6.350404 IU-13.51404 IU/L] (P= 0.4698). Conclusions are that erythropoietin administration, reperfusion time and their interaction have non significant short-term increasing effects on alanine aminotransferase.

scholarly journals Effect of Nursing Intervention on Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women Attending Selected General Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Ademuyiwa I. Y
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
T Test ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Paired T Test

Inadequate knowledge of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in Pregnancy among diabetic pregnant women could lead to poor skill about self-care, failure to seek timely medical attention and failure to follow medical prescriptions, which could lead to complications and sometimes death of mother and/or fetus/baby. This study seeks to assess the effect of nursing intervention on Knowledge of DM among diabetic pregnant women attending two general hospitals in Lagos Island, Lagos State, Nigeria. This study utilizes one group pretest- posttest experimental research design. The purposive sampling technique and total enumeration sampling size method that included seventy-five participants were used for the study. Instrument for data collection consisted of seven demographic data and forty- two (42) test questions. The study was carried out in three sessions: pre-intervention, intervention and the evaluation sessions over a period of six weeks. Paired t test was used to determine significance level between pre and post-intervention knowledge. Ethical approval and consent were obtained from Babcock University Health Research Ethical committee and Lagos State Heath Service Commission respectively. The results revealed that most of the participants were between the ages of 21 and 45 (88%); most of them had tertiary education (70.7%); most of them (57.3%) had family history of DM. Results also revealed that pre-intervention knowledge among diabetic women was poor (0.28) and the post intervention knowledge was good (0.83). Paired t test results (t= 36.20, p = 0.000) revealed a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention knowledge. This shows that nursing intervention was effective.

scholarly journals Semi-Month Effect in S&P CNX NIFTY Turnover and Retail Participation in Indian Capital Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Periyasamy
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Retail Investors ◽  
Paired T Test

<div><p><em>NIFTY is the bellwether index followed by most of the traders in Indian stock markets. The turnover in the S&amp;P CNX NIFTY constituent shows that the scripts are mostly traded on every session of trading. The study is carried out to check the semi moth effect in S&amp;P CNX NIFTY which may helpful for retail investors to make investment decision. This study is carried out using the monthly movement of S&amp;P CNX NIFTY index of NSE India Ltd for the period April 01, 2004 to March 31, 2015. The statistical significance of semi month effect is tested using descriptive statistics and paired “t” test. The outcome of the analysis shows that there is the presence of semi-month effect in index returns and suggestions to retail investors to time the investments based on the market movement.</em></p><p> </p></div>

scholarly journals “We Are Watching”: The effectiveness of implementing novel anti-smoking signage on hospital property

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Lorna Sampson ◽  
Navjot Rai ◽  
Audra Vair ◽  
Anoush Yaminifar ◽  
John Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: Poor adherence to smoke-free policies on hospital property is an ongoing challenge. This study introduced novel anti-smoking signage onto hospital property with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness on reducing the incidence of smoking in designated areas.Methods: This prospective ecological study used cigarette butt count as a proxy to measure smoking prevalence at a single hospital’s three exit sites between October–December 2013. A pre-analysis of cigarette butt count at each site was conducted and the site with the highest count was selected for intervention; the two remaining sites were controls. The intervention signs featured a pair of stern male eyes with a forward gaze with “Don’t Smoke” written in black font and “We Are Watching” in red font below. Pre- and post-intervention cigarette butt counts were collected over 18 days and 14 days respectively. Climate was included in the analysis.Results: The number of cigarette butts decreased at the intervention site across 11 of the 14 post- intervention monitored days (29.8% decrease). Cigarette butt counts increased across both control sites (32.9% and 58.8%). One-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction (p = .000) between location and pre-/post-intervention periods. A two-way ANOVA evaluating location, intervention period, and climate temperature change (± 10 degrees Celsius) revealed statistical significance (p < .05). Interaction between location and climate was not significant.Conclusions: This study demonstrated a decrease in cigarette butts at the hospital exit where the “watching eyes” signs were implemented. Simple, low-cost anti-smoking interventions such as this may assist in creating healthier, smoke-free environments on hospital properties.

Effects of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid During Rhytidectomy: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C Cohen ◽  
Robert A Glasgold ◽  
Les M Alloju ◽  
Mark J Glasgold
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Surgery Center

Abstract Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent shown to decrease intraoperative bleeding, reduce transfusions, and improve outcomes across multiple specialties. Within plastic surgery, initial reports are encouraging but formal studies are lacking. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether intravenous (IV) TXA has any effect on intraoperative bleeding or postoperative sequelae in patients undergoing a deep-plane facelift. Methods This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, case series in a private practice surgery center. The participants were 44 patients undergoing rhytidectomy with the senior authors (R.A.G. or M.J.G). The treatment group received a 1-g dose of IV TXA prior to skin incision and the same dose 4 hours later (vs saline). Bleeding was rated mild, moderate, or severe. Postoperative ecchymosis and edema were subjectively evaluated by patient and surgeon and scores were aggregated for analysis. Results The TXA group showed decreased intraoperative bleeding but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Postoperative ecchymosis/edema ratings were lower for patients who received TXA, including a statistically significant decrease in surgeon-rated bruising. TXA resulted in a statistically significant decrease in postoperative collections in this study and no major complications occurred. Conclusions TXA is a safe, low-cost addition to any existing surgical protocol and may lead to fewer surgical sequelae and improved satisfaction. Although we did not observe a dramatically different intraoperative experience, postoperative bruising and collections were significantly reduced. TXA acid may have great value in the management of patients undergoing rhytidectomy and its use warrants further study. Level of Evidence: 2

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