Effect of prophylactic fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) on exertional dyspnea in patients with cancer: A pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10085-10085
Author(s):  
David Hui ◽  
Kelly L. Kilgore ◽  
Susan Frisbee-Hume ◽  
Minjeong Park ◽  
Diane D Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
T Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fentanyl Buccal Tablet ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Paired T Test

10085 Background: Exertional dyspnea is one of the most common, debilitating and difficult-to-treat symptoms in cancer patients. Few clinical trials have been conducted. We tested the hypothesis that FBT, a rapid onset opioid, given prophylactically prior to exertion can improve exertional dyspnea. Methods: In this double-blind parallel (1:1) RCT, we asked cancer patients who were opioid-tolerant and had exertional dyspnea to complete a 6 minute walk test (6MWT) at baseline, and then randomly assigned them to either FBT proportional to 20-50% of daily dose or placebo 30 minutes before a second 6MWT. The primary outcome was a validated 11-point dyspnea NRS assessing dyspnea “now” (where 0 = none and 10 = worst possible) every minute during each 6MWT. Secondary outcomes included walk distance, vital signs and neurocognitive testing, adverse effects, and global impression. Ten evaluable patients in the FBT provided 80% power to detect an effect size as small as 1.0 using a two-sided paired t-test with a significance level of 5% to compare the change of dyspnea between the first and second walk tests. We compared the outcomes between the first and second 6MWTs using paired t-test. Results: Among 22 patients enrolled, 20 (91%) completed the study (9 FBT, 11 placebo). FBT was associated with a significant within-arm reduction in dyspnea NRS between 0 and 6 minutes (mean change -2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.5, -1.3) and respiratory rate (mean change -2.6, 95% CI -4.7, -0.4). Placebo was also associated with a non-statistically significant decrease in dyspnea (mean change -1.1). Between arm comparison of dyspnea scores in the second 6MWT favored FBT, albeit not statistically significant (estimate -0.25, P = 0.068). Global impression revealed more patients in the FBT group than placebo group reporting their dyspnea was at least “somewhat better” in the second 6MWT (4/9 vs. 0/11, P = 0.03). The other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between arms. Conclusions: These data support our hypothesis that proportionally dosed FBT was associated with improvement in exertional dyspnea, and highlights the need for larger confirmatory trials. Clinical trial information: NCT01856114.

scholarly journals Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Improving the Quality of Life Patients Suffering Cancer

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Saverinus Suhardin ◽  
Kusnanto Kusnanto ◽  
Ilya Krisnana
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
T Test ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Paired T Test

Introduction: Cancer is a chronic disease that affects physical, psychological, social, and economic life of individual and then contributes to life quality. Psychotherapy is important in improving the life quality of cancer patients. One of psychotherapy that can be given is the implementation of ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). The aim of this study is to analyze the application of ACT in improving the life quality of cancer patients at the Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya.        Method: This research method used pre-experimental with one group pre-post test design. The population of cancer patients enrolled in the Puskesmas Pacar Keling. Samples were 12 people whom are determined based on the inclusion criteria. The Independent variable is application of ACT and the dependent variable is life quality. Data collection and implementation of ACT were conducted in puskemas and home visits. The collected data was analyzed by Paired T test with significance level α=0.05. Result: Result showed that there was change in increasing life quality of cancer patients significantly after giving implementation of the ACT. The result of Paired t-test showed the life quality of patients had a significance level of p=0.000. These result demonstrate the value of p <0.05, so the research hypothesis is accepted. Discussion: It can be concluded that the application of ACT can improve the life quality of cancer patients. Health workers (nurses) need to master the implementation of the ACT as a therapeutic modality. 

scholarly journals MASSASE ENDORPHIN TERHADAP VOLUME ASI PADA IBU POST PARTUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartono . ◽  
Anisa Sevi Oktaviani ◽  
Devi Nindya K
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Touch ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAKMemberikan ASI merupakan hak setiap ibu setelah melahirkan, begitu pula pada ibu bekerja. Dibutuhkan informasi yang lengkap mengenai manfaat ASI dan bagaimana melakukan manajemen laktasi agar pemberian ASI dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Salah satu cara penatalaksanaan nonfarmakologis untuk mengurangi nyeri dengan endorphine massage. Endorphin Massage merupakan sebuah terapi sentuhan/pijatan ringan merangsang tubuh untuk melepaskan senyawa Endorphin yang merupakan pereda rasa sakit dan dapat menciptakan perasaan nyaman. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian pre-experimental, yaitu pretest-posttest design, dimana merupakan penelitian dengan membandingkan keadaan sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Dalam penelitian ini nilai pretest-posttest yang diperoleh dari masing-masing kelompok dianalisis dengan menggunakan paired t test (Uji beda sampel berpasangan). Dari hasil uji statistik menggunakan paired t test dengan signifikansi level (α = 0,05), diperoleh nilai signifikan p=0,001 (p < 0.05) menunjukkan bahwa dilakukannya massase endhorpin mempunyai pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap volume ASI pada ibu post partum.Kata Kunci : Endorphin, Massage, ASITHE INFLUENCE OF MASSASE ENDORPHIN AGAINST VOLUME OF BREAST MILK ON THE POSTPARTUMABSTRACTBreastfeeding is the right of every mothers after childbirth, as well as on working moms. It takes a complete information about the benefits of breastfeeding lactation management and how to do so that breast feeding can be done well. One way to reduce the pain no farmakologis management with endorphine massage.  Endorphin Massage is a therapeutic touch mild massage stimulates the body to release Endorphin which is a compound pain reliever and can create a feeling of comfort.  This type of research  using quantitative  research methods withpre experimental research design, namely pretest-posttest design, where is the study by comparing the circumstances before and after being given the treatment. In this research the value of pretest-posttest obtained from each group were analyzed using paired t test/ Test sample paired difference From the results of statistical tests using the paired t test with significance level (α =0.05), obtained significant value p= 0.001 (p < 0.05) showed that he does  have an effect endhorpin massase which means that statistically against the volume of breastfeeding in the mother postpartum.Keywords: Endorphin, Massage, Breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Comparison of anti-plaque efficacy between a low and high cost dentifrice: A short term randomized double-blind trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Ganavadiya ◽  
B. R. Chandra Shekar ◽  
Pankaj Goel ◽  
Sudheer G. Hongal ◽  
Manish Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the anti-plaque efficacy of a low and high cost commercially available tooth paste among 13-20 years old adolescents in a Residential Home, Bhopal, India. Materials and Methods: The study was randomized double-blind parallel clinical trial conducted in a Residential Home, Bhopal, India. A total of 65 patients with established dental plaque and gingivitis were randomly assigned to either low cost or high cost dentifrice group for 4 weeks. The plaque and gingival scores at baseline and post-intervention were assessed and compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and the independent sample t-test. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05. Results: Results indicated a significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores in both groups post-intervention compared with the baseline. Difference between the groups was not significant. No adverse events were reported and both the dentifrices were well-tolerated. Conclusion: Low cost dentifrice is equally effective to the high cost dentifrice in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation.

Effect of high flow oxygen on exertional dyspnea in cancer patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11600-11600
Author(s):  
David Hui ◽  
Liliana Larsson ◽  
Sajan Thomas ◽  
Carol Harrison ◽  
Jimin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

11600 Background: High flow oxygen therapy is effective for hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, its effect on dyspnea in non-hypoxemic patients is unknown. In this 2x2 factorial, double-blind randomized clinical trial, we assessed the effect of flow rate (high vs. low) and gas (oxygen vs. air) on exertional dyspnea in cancer patients. Methods: Non-hypoxemic patients with cancer completed two structured cycle ergometer exercise tests with Low Flow Air [LFAir] at 2 L/min. They were then randomized to receive High Flow Oxygen [HFOx] with up to 60 L/min, High Flow Air [HFAir], Low Flow Oxygen [LFOx] or LFAir during a constant work rate exercise test at 80% maximum. Dyspnea intensity was assessed with the modified 0-10 Borg scale. The primary outcome was difference in the slope of dyspnea intensity vs. time during the third test. Secondary outcomes included difference in exercise time, vital signs, and adverse events. We estimated that 10 patients per arm will provide 86% power to detect a 1-standard deviation main effect and 86% power to detect a 2-SD interaction effect with an alpha of 5%. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess the impact of flow rate and gas on study outcomes. Results: 45 patients were randomized and 44 completed the study (10, 11, 12, 11 patients on HFOx, HFAir, LFOx, LFAir, respectively). The mean age was 63 (range 47-77); 18 (41%) were female; 34 (44%) had lung cancer; and 20 (46%) had metastatic disease. In mixed effects model, the association between the change in dyspnea intensity over time with flow rate differed significantly between oxygen and air (P = 0.04). Specifically, HFOx (slope difference -0.20, P < 0.001) and LFOx (-0.14, P = 0.01) were significantly better than LFAir, but not HFAir (+0.09, P = 0.09). Exercise time also significantly increased with HFOx (difference +2.5 min, P = 0.009) compared to LFAir, but not HFAir (+0.63 min, P = 0.48) or LFOx (+0.39 min, P = 0.65). HFOx was well tolerated without significant adverse effects. Conclusions: The combination of high flow rate and oxygen improved dyspnea and exercise duration during constant work exercise test in non-hypoxemic cancer patients. Larger trials are needed to confirm the benefits of HFOx during exercises. Clinical trial information: NCT02357134.

scholarly journals Optimalization of reaction time through imagery and concentration training in fencing

MEDIKORA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Agus Hariyanto ◽  
Mohammad Wahyu Bagus Prakosa ◽  
Anindya Mar'atus Sholikhah
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paired T Test

This study aims to investigate the effect of imagery training and concentration on the reaction time of students taking fencing extracurricular activities. It was a quasi-experimental research using quantitative approach. A total of 15 respondents were classified into 3 groups, which were control (K) and two experimental groups. Students in experimental groups were given imagery training (E1) and concentration training (E2) for six weeks and reaction times were measured using Electronic Fencing Target-1 (EFT-1) before and after the exercise was given. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic using paired t-test and Anova one way, and significance level was set at p=0.05. The results found that the imagery and concentration training had a positive impact on the decrease of reaction time, with significance values of 0.008 and 0.005, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that imagery and concentration exercises can help players to improve their reaction time, so that fencers can react quickly to every movement. OPTIMALISASI WAKTU REAKSI MELALUI LATIHAN IMAGERY DAN KONSENTRASI DALAM OLAHRAGA ANGGAR AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan imagery dan konsentrasi terhadap kecepatan waktu reaksi pada siswa yang mengikuti ekstrakulikuler anggar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sebanyak 15 orang responden dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol (K) dan dua kelompok eksperimen yang diberi latihan imagery (E1) dan latihan konsentrasi (E2). Latihan dilakukan selama enam minggu dan waktu reaksi diukur sebelum dan sesudah latihan diberikan menggunakan Electronic Fencing Target-1 (EFT-1). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji paired t-test dan Anova one way, dengan nilai signifikan ditetapkan sebesar 0.05. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa latihan imagery dan konsentrasi yang diberikan kepada responden memberikan dampak positif terhadap penurunan waktu reaksi, dengan nilai signifikansi secara berturut-turut sebesar 0.008 dan 0.005. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan imagery dan konsentrasi dapat membantu pemain untuk meningkatkan kemampuan reaksi, sehingga pemain anggar dapat bereaksi dengan cepat terhadap setiap gerakan.

scholarly journals Effect of Aromatherapy with Lavender 10% Essential Oil on Motor Function, Speech and Delirium in Patients with Acute Thrombotic Cerebral Ischemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Shiva Seyed Salehi ◽  
◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Nahid Jivad ◽  
Keyvan Ghadimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
T Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Stroke is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide. Herbal medicines, especially lavender, have been used to treat ischemic diseases today. Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with lavender 10% essential oil on motor function, speech and delirium in acute thrombotic cerebral ischemia patients. Materials & Methods: In this double blind clinical trial, 70 patients with acute thrombotic cerebral ischemia were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups; the first group received lavender essential oil (10%) as aromatherapy, and the second group received placebo. Motor function, speech and delirium scores were calculated using standard questionnaire before and one week after treatment. The level of antioxidants and melancholically was also measured in post-treatment patients .Data were analyzed in SPSS V. 18 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test and independent t-test with a significance level of P<0.05 Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic information, motor function, speech and delirium scores (P>0.05). After treatment, the mean scores of motor function, speech and delirium were changed significantly in both groups, and the mean of these scores in the intervention group was significantly less than placebo, and in the intervention group the level of antioxidants was significantly higher and level of malondialdehyde was significantly less than placebo group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using lavender 10% essential oil in our study improved the symptoms of patients such as motor function, speech and delirium after ischemic thrombolytic stroke. This is associated with decrease in malondialdehyde level and an increase in the level of antioxidants.

scholarly journals How do you sleep at night?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Lochan ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Paired T Test

  Background: Sacrificing sleep on a daily basis has become a lifestyle for a growing number of people. This habit has been found to decrease overall cognitive health and performance. Raising awareness about benefits of a good night’s sleep and the negative effects of inadequate sleep is pertinent to shaping a healthy public conscience about sleep. It is also an important factor to consider for public health professionals since they must think critically throughout the working day and their work impacts those in their care. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cognitive performance and sleep-related habits in a population of 31 Environmental Health students at BCIT during the Winter 2014 semester. Methods: A survey that collected subjective data on sleep-related habits and a brief cognitive test were used to assess cognitive performance. The cognitive test scores were marked with an index out of 20 and analyzed with a paired T-test to explore any differences from two study trials in January and February. Results: There was a significant decrease in cognitive index scores over the four week period. This was confirmed by a paired T-test with a p-value of 0.000005, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Average index scores were 18.91993 in January, 15.87063 in February, and the rounded average decline in scores was 3.13. Conclusion: Using an electronic device prior to going to sleep was deemed to be the most likely factor behind a significant decline in cognitive performance between January and February. Excessive exposure to light during naturally dark hours of the evening may curtail physiological processes during sleep (i.e. hormonal activities) effecting cognitive health and performance.  

scholarly journals Penerapan Model Coaching sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kepuasan Masyarakat dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan di Posyandu Lansia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Junaedi­ ◽  
Titik Suhartini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Coaching Model ◽  
Coaching Process ◽  
Implementation Of Coaching ◽  
Paired T Test

 ABSTRAKJumlah lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah dan hal ini membawa pengaruh besar dalam pengelolaan masalah kesehatannya. Kesehatan fisik dan mental merupakan faktor utama dalam peningkatan usia harapan hidup. Untuk menjaga kesehatan fisik dan mental diperlukan upaya pembinaan lansia melalui puskesmas dengan mendirikan posyandu lansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penerapan model coaching sebagai upaya meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat dalam pelayanan kesehatan di posyandu lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperimen dengan metode one-group pretest-posttes design. Populasinya adalah seluruh kader di Desa Sidorejo. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling berjumlah 20 kader dan 60 lansia. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data dengan paired T Test untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara dua variabel dengan tingkat kemaknaan p ≤ 0,05. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kepuasan responden sebelum dilakukan  penerapan model coaching sebagian besar kurang puas (65%). Sedangkan kepuasan setelah penerapan model coaching sebagian besar merasakan puas (86,7%). Hasil uji analisa data diperoleh kesimpulkan ada pengaruh penerapan model coaching sebagai upaya meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat dalam pelayanan kesehatan di posyandu lansia. Proses coaching merupakan kegiatan pendampingan yang sangat memberikan pengaruh baik terhadap coachee. Proses yang berkesinambungan dapat memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap bentuk pelayanan kesehatan khususnya yang dilakukan oleh kader kesehatan. Kata kunci :  coaching, kepuasan, posyandu lansia  ABSTRACTThe number of elderly in Indonesia is growing. It has a major impact on the management of health problems. Physical and mental health is a major factor in increasing life expectancy. In maintaining physical and mental health is required effort of coaching elderly group through puskesmas by establishing posyandu for elderly. This research used pre experimental research design with one-group pretest-posttes design method. The population was all cadres in Sidorejo Village. The sampling technique used was total sampling amounted to 20 cadres and 60 elderly. Analysis of data user paired T Test to determine the effect between two variables with significance level p ≤ 0.05. The result of the research was the satisfaction of respondent before the implementation of coaching model mostly with less satisfied (65%). While satisfaction after application of coaching model mostly feel satisfied (86,7%). The results of data analysis test obtained that there was influence of application of "Coaching" model as efforts to improve public satisfaction in health care at posyandu for elderly. The coaching process is an advisory activity that greatly influences both coachee and coachee service suggestions. Continuous processes can provide significant changes to the form of health services especially those conducted by health cadres.  Keywords: coaching, satisfaction, posyandu for elderly

scholarly journals Perbedaan Tingkat Daya Tahan Kardiorespirasi Pada Peserta Ekstrakulikuler Bolavoli dan Bola Basket

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Jeff Agung Perdana ◽  
Yudo Harvianto
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

Cardiorespiratory endurance in sports is very important. Because cardiorespiration is closely related to human activities doing work and moving. This research is motivated by cardiorespiratory fitness which is closely related to human activities doing work and moving and exercising. This study aims to determine the differences in cardiorespiration endurance among students who take extracurricular volleyball and basketball. This study uses a comparative research design with the test method. The subjects of this study were 19 basketball basketball extracurricular students and 20 volleyball extracurricular students. Data collection techniques in this study used a measurement test. The instrument used in this study was a multistage fitness test. The analysis technique used is the t-test (Paired t-Test). The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between cardiorespiration endurance between students who took extracurricular volleyball and basketball with male students t count = 3.354 greater than t (0.05) (9) = 2.36 and female students that t arithmetic = 3.053 is greater than t (0.05) (8) = 2.31 at a significance level of 5%. The difference in cardiorespiration endurance between students who take extracurricular volleyball and basketball is male students by 13.31% and female students 18.64%.Keywords: Basketball, volleyball, cardiorespiration, Sport, Student AbstrakKetahanan kardiorespirasi dalam berolahraga sangatlah penting. Sebab kardiorespirasi erat kaitannya dengan kegiatan manusia melakukan pekerjaan dan bergerak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebugaran kardiorespirasi yang erat kaitannya dengan kegiatan manusia melakukan pekerjaan dan bergerak serta berolahraga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaaan daya tahan kardiorespirasi antara  peserta didik yang mengikuti ekstrakutikuler bolavoli dan bolabasket. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kompratif dengan metode tes. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 19 siswa ekstrakurikuler bolabasket dan 20 siswa ekstrakurikuler bola voli.  Teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes pengukuran. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah multistage fitness test. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji-t ( Paired t-Test ). Hasil analisis statistika diperoleh hasil bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara daya tahan kardiorespirasi antara  peserta didik yang mengikuti ekstrakutikuler bolavoli dan bolabasket dengan siswa putra t hitung = 3,354 lebih besar dari t(0,05)(9)  = 2,36 dan siswa putri bahwa t hitung = 3,053 lebih besar dari t(0,05)(8)  = 2,31 pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Perbedaan daya tahan kardiorespirasi antara peserta didik yang mengikuti ekstrakutikuler bolavoli dan bolabasket adalah siswa putra sebesar 13,31% dan siswa putri 18,64%.Kata kunci: Bola basket, bola voli, kardiorespirasi, olahraga, siswa

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document