Evaluation of salivary nitric oxide levels in caries-free children and children with early childhood caries: An in vivo study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
HarshaGope Assudani ◽  
ShivayogiM Hugar ◽  
Anuradha Patil ◽  
SumaH.P. Sogi ◽  
NehaS Dhariwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugam Priya ◽  
Anthonymuthu Selvaraj ◽  
Dass Divya ◽  
Ramalingam Karthik Raja ◽  
Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Infective Potential ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC), a severe form of caries due to cross-kingdom interaction of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, is a serious childhood dental disease that affects majority of the children with poor background. The present study investigated the anti-infective potential of thymol against C. albicans and S. mutans dual species for the management of ECC. Thymol, a plant derivative of the monoterpene group, has been well known for its numerous biological activities. Thymol at 300 μg/ml concentration completely arrested growth and proliferation of dual species of C. albicans and S. mutans. Rapid killing efficacy of pathogens, within a span of 2 min, was observed in the time kill assay. In addition, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, thymol effectively diminished the biofilm formation and virulence of both C. albicans and S. mutans such as yeast-to-hyphal transition, hyphal-to-yeast transition, filamentation, and acidogenicity and acidurity, respectively, in single and dual species state. qPCR analysis was consistent with virulence assays. Also, through the invertebrate model system Galleria mellonella, in vivo toxicity and efficacy of the phytocompound was assessed, and it was found that no significant toxic effect was observed. Moreover, thymol was found to be proficient in diminishing the infection under single and dual state in in vivo condition. Overall, the results from the present study illustrate the anti-infective potential of thymol against the ECC-causing dual species, C. albicans and S. mutans, and the applicability of thymol in medicated dentifrice formulation.

Effect of Lactoperoxidase System Containing Toothpaste on Cariogenic Bacteria in Children with Early Childhood Caries

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Jyoti ◽  
N Shashikiran ◽  
V Subba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Lactoperoxidase System ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background and Objectives: Lactoperoxidase system contains Lactoperoxidase, Hydrogen peroxide and Thiocyanate ions, which have inhibitory action against cariogenic oral microflora. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of lactoperoxidase system containing toothpaste on cariogenic microflora in children with early childhood caries. Methods: Study group included 30 children with Early Childhood Caries. 15 were considered as test group who used the test product Biotene® toothpaste and other 15 as control group who used Colgate Active® as control product. Salivary samples were analyzed for mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli, and for the levels of Thiocyanate ions. Results: showed significant increase in the levels of Thiocyanate ion in saliva during experimental period. Compared to the control group test group showed significant increase in the levels of thiocyanate ions during experimental and washout period, whereas the number of colonies of MS and Lactobacilli were significantly reduced in test group during experimental period. Conclusion: The levels of thiocyanate ions can be increased in vivo by supplementing the saliva with natural enzymes like lactoperoxidase. This increased concentration of thiocyanate will reduce the number of cariogenic microflora in children with Early Childhood Caries.

scholarly journals Incidence of Oral Candidiasis, and the Relationship of Oral Candida Species with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Microbiological In Vivo Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülçin Bulut ◽  
Yelda Sorguc
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

INTRODUCTION: Cariogenic microorganisms play an important role in the development of caries. Although there are many researches on Streptococcus mutans as being a primary causative factor in caries, there is a lack in evaluation of relation between oral candidiasis and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of candida carriage, characterize different Candida species, and investigate their relationship with caries in 5-year-old children with S-ECC and with no caries. METHODS: This study was conducted on a total of 42 children aged 5-years with (Group S-ECC, n=21) and without caries (control group, n=21). Plaque samples were taken from the buccal, lingual and cervical surfaces of the teeth using a sterile cotton swab and cultured on Sabouraud Agar, Patota Agar and Chrome Agar for fungal growth. Number of candida colonies were recorded, their species were identified and germ tube test was used for virulance marker. RESULTS: The candidal carriage in the S-ECC and control groups was 52.4% and 9.5%, respectively. The intergroup difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). The incidence of C.albicans among all candida species was determined as 92%. The only isolated non-albicans Candida was C.Dupliniensis, the incidence in all candida species was 8 percent. The frequency of C.albicans was significantly higher in the S-ECC group (p=0.006). The virulence factor showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study shows a strong relation between the presence of candida and S-ECC. C.albicans was the most common among detected candida species.

Evaluation of Levels of Nitric Oxide in Saliva of Children with Rampant Caries and Early Childhood Caries : A Comparative Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Varun Neekhra ◽  
Suchetha Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rampant Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

It is considered that caries incidence might be low in subjects with high salivary Nitric Oxide (NO) levels. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine the levels of nitric oxide in saliva of children with Rampant Caries (RC) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC). A total of 120 children were divided into 4 groups of 30 each belonging to two age groups of 6-12 yrs and 71 months or less respectively. Children between the age of 6-12 yrs were either with RC or their control and children between the age of 71months or less were either with ECC or their control respectively. The study and control subjects were divided equally. Oral health status was recorded followed by unstimulated salivary flow rate estimation. Estimation of salivary nitric oxide was measured by the concentration of its stable metabolite nitrite using Classical Griess Reaction. The mean nitrite levels of both the control groups were much higher when compared with the study groups, which was statistically very highly significant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of salivary nitric oxide level in children with early childhood caries

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Senthil Eagappan ◽  
VArun Prasad Rao ◽  
S Sujatha ◽  
D Senthil ◽  
J Sathiyajeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals The beginning phases of the early childhood caries (circular caries) - clinical evaluation of remineralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Olga Kokoceva-Ivanovska
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (circular caries) can occur at an early age, with the eruption of deciduous teeth of the age of 1 to 1.5 years old. This is a multifactorial dental disease that has become a worldwide problem with high prevalence in recent decades. The purpose of the study was clinical evaluation of the remineralizing effect of the topical treatment, in patients with starting stages of circular caries. This study was conducted at the Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Skopje, and included 117 patients of both sexes, with the starting stages of circular caries. They were aged of 1.5 to 3.5 years old, with a fully formed primary tooth. It was selected 61 patients with initial lesion – white spot and 56 patients with superficial form. From both groups 30 patients were treated with topical fluoride preparation, for a period of six months, applied once a week. The remaining patients had regular check-ups and instructions, but they did not undergo fluoride treatment. After the fluoride treatment, we followed the remineralizing effect, i.e. which initial lesions were reversed or where the intracrystal spaces were filled and the crystals were repaired after six months of topical application. In some patients who were able to satisfy other preventative factors, we were able to obtain a clinical picture of complete remineralization on initial lesion (restitution ad integrum) in vivo, approximately similar to a healthy tooth. How successful the remineralization will be depends on the predominant, protective, or pathogenic factors. Keywords: circular caries, early childhood caries, remineralization, initial lesion, white spot

Comparison of Salivary Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries after Administration of Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse: An in Vivo Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hegde ◽  
N Naik ◽  
S Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Mousse ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background and Objectives: This study compares the Salivary Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphataselevels in children with Early Childhood Caries after administration of Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse to a control group of caries resistant children. Study design: 90 kindergarten children both males and females aged 5 years, from the South Canara region were included in the study. Based on the dmfs score, children were divided into 3 groups: Control group, ECC group and S-ECC group. The Salivary Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase levels in the sample were assessed before and after administration of Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse at three different intervals, i.e within 5 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes by using Spectrophotometry. Results: The mean Salivary Calcium levels were higher in caries free group whereas Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase were lower in the caries free group which was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The Tooth Mousse group showed higher bioavailability of calcium and phosphate which was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Salivary Calcium and Phosphate levels within 5 minutes after application of Milk, Cheese and Tooth Mousse were higher than at 30 and 60 minutes. Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase levels were lower than the baseline values at all the 3 intervals after administration of Milk, Cheese and Tooth Mousse and was statistically not significant (p≯0.05). Conclusion: Saliva should be saturated with Calcium and Phosphate to affect their bioavailability in amounts adequate for remineralizaton. Milk, Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse applicaton were equally beneficial in saturating the saliva with adequate amount of Calcium and Phosphate.

Efficacy of 10% Povidone Iodine in Children Affected with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vivo Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauli Simratvir ◽  
Namita Singh ◽  
Saroj Chopra ◽  
Abi Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Full Mouth Rehabilitation ◽  
Childhood Caries

For prevention of dental caries, S. mutans numbers must be reduced and prevented from returning to the original level. An antibacterial agent that is effective and also acceptable to young children can help to establish a favorable oral environment and halt the caries process. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of topical antimicrobial (10% Povidone- Iodine) on S.mutans counts in children with Early Childhood Caries after full mouth rehabilitation. Also its effects on the clinical outcomes in terms of incidence of new caries and secondary caries were evaluated. Method: Full mouth rehabilitation was done in 30 children (mean age 4.2 years) suffering from Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to determine the post operative baseline S.mutans counts. Thereafter the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received 10% Povidone Iodine at 3 months interval for a period of 12 months while the control group received placebo (deionized water) at similar intervals. Change in the S.mutans count at 6 and 12 month intervals were compared to the baseline post-operative mutans score. Results revealed that application of 10% Povidone Iodine caused a significant reduction in the rise of Streptococcus mutans levels from the baseline postoperative score after 12 months of treatment thus decreasing the oral load of the organisms. Reduction in counts; in turn decreased the relapse of caries in these children. Conclusion: Thus oral rehabilitation coupled with regular application of 10% Povidone Iodine application can be a good alternative to control dental caries in children affected with Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

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