Occurrence of II and V Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Northeastern Part of India

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements in meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) isolated from a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico and to examine the relationship to drug resistance. Fifty selected MR-CoNS isolates collected from catheters (n=15), blood (n=15), bone (n=9), bronchial lavage (n=2) and urine (n=2) and one isolate each from an abscess, cerebrospinal fluid, eye, pleural effusion, synovial fluid, tracheal aspirate and wound secretion were examined. Susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. SCCmec types were determined by multiplex PCR and PFGE was carried out as described previously for Staphylococcus aureus. Among the MR-CoNS strains studied, the most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=26) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=13). Staphylococcus cohnii (n=5), Staphylococcus hominis (n=3), Staphylococcus sciuri (n=1), Staphylococcus pasteuri (n=1) and the recently described species Staphylococcus pettenkoferi (n=1) were also identified. The most frequent MR-CoNS genotype identified was SCCmec type IVa in S. epidermidis isolates, which also showed a high diversity in their PFGE patterns. A clone was found that amplified both SCCmec III and V elements in five isolates examined. The single MR S. pettenkoferi isolate harboured SCCmec type IVd and the single MR S. pasteuri isolate harboured SCCmec type I. The carriage of SCCmec type III was associated with resistance or intermediate resistance to meropenem (P <0.05). These results confirm the high prevalence of S. epidermidis SCCmec IVa and the high genetic diversity among MR-CoNS strains. As far as is known, this is the first report describing the newly identified S. pettenkoferi possessing SCCmec IVd and S. pasteuri harbouring SCCmec type I. MR-CoNS harbouring SCCmec type III were found to be more resistant to meropenem.

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Detection of Integrons and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types in Clinical Methicillin-resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Strains

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives ◽

10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.06 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahimeh Hajiahmadi ◽

Elham Salimi Ghale ◽

Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽

Alireza Mordadi ◽

Mohammad Reza Arabestani

Keyword(s):

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

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Characterizing a novel SCC mec with a composite structure from a clinical strain of Staphylococcus hominis , C34847

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00777-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jo-Ann McClure ◽

John M. Conly ◽

Kunyan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Composite Structure ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Clinical Strain ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Element Bearing ◽

Staphylococcus Hominis ◽

High Degree ◽

Secondary Element ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) has predominantly been described in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . However, studies have indicated that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) carry a larger diversity of SCC elements. We characterized a composite SCC mec element carrying an uncharacterized ccr1 and type A mec gene combination, in conjunction with a secondary element bearing ccr4 , from a clinical strain of S. hominis . The element’s complex structure points to a high degree of recombination occurring in SCC mec in CoNS.

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Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) in coagulase negative staphylococci

Medicina Universitaria ◽

10.1016/j.rmu.2015.10.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (69) ◽

pp. 229-233

Author(s):

A. Martínez-Meléndez ◽

R. Morfín-Otero ◽

L. Villarreal-Treviño ◽

G. González-González ◽

J. Llaca-Díaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

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Novel Type XII Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecHarboring a New Cassette Chromosome Recombinase, CcrC2

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01692-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (12) ◽

pp. 7597-7601 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Zhaowei Wu ◽

Fan Li ◽

Dongliang Liu ◽

Huping Xue ◽

Xin Zhao

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

The United States ◽

Gene Complex ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Typing Method ◽

Content Type ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome ◽

Sequence Identities

ABSTRACTExcision and integration of staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) are mediated by cassette chromosome recombinases (Ccr), which play a crucial role in the worldwide spread of methicillin resistance in staphylococci. We report a novelccrgene,ccrC2, in the SCCmecof aStaphylococcus aureusisolate, BA01611, which showed 62.6% to 69.4% sequence identities to all publishedccrC1sequences. A further survey found that theccrC2gene was mainly located among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and could be found in staphylococcal isolates from China, the United States, France, and Germany. Theccrgene complex harboring theccrC2gene was designated a type 9 complex, and the SCCmecof BA01611 was considered a novel type and was designated type XII (9C2). This novel SCCmecelement in BA01611 was flanked by a pseudo-SCC element (ΨSCCBA01611) carrying a truncatedccrA1gene. Both individual SCC elements and a composite SCC were excised from the chromosome based on detection of extrachromosomal circular intermediates. We advocate inclusion of the ccrC2gene and type 9ccrgene complex during revision of the SCCmectyping method.

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Staphylococcal cassette Chromosome mec Elements in Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci From a Brazilian Neonatal Care Unit

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0000000000000440 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1089-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vivian Carolina Salgueiro ◽

Milena Borgo Azevedo ◽

Natalia Lopes Pontes Iorio ◽

Efigênia de Lourdes Teixeira Amorim ◽

Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Care ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Neonatal Care Unit ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

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Dissemination of the Samecfr-Carrying Plasmid among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Isolates in China

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.04580-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 3669-3671 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jia Chang Cai ◽

Yan Yan Hu ◽

Hong Wei Zhou ◽

Gong-Xiang Chen ◽

Rong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Mobile Element ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

Staphylococcal Species ◽

Complete Sequencing ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTSixcfr-harboring methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates, which belonged to the same clone of sequence type 5 (ST5)-staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement II (SCCmecII)-spat311, were investigated in this study. Complete sequencing of acfr-carrying plasmid, pLRSA417, revealed an 8,487-bp fragment containing a Tn4001-like transposon,cfr,orf1, and ISEnfa4. This segment, first identified in an animal plasmid, pSS-01, was observed in several plasmids from clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci in China, suggesting that thecfrgene, which might originate from livestock, was located in the same mobile element and disseminated among different clinical staphylococcal species.

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Coexistence of Heavy Metal and Antibiotic Resistance within a Novel Composite Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome in a Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolate from Bovine Mastitis Milk

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.04831-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 5788-5792 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Huping Xue ◽

Zhaowei Wu ◽

Longping Li ◽

Fan Li ◽

Yiqing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Content Type ◽

Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTThe structure of a composite staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) carried by a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus haemolyticus(NW19A) isolated from a bovine milk sample was analyzed. The formation of the circular forms of both single SCC elements and composite SCC elements was detected in NW19A. Twenty heavy metal and antibiotic resistance-related genes coexisted in this composite SCC, suggesting that these genes might be coselected under environmental pressure. Themecgene complex in NW19A, designated type C3, is different from classic C1 or C2 gene complexes structurally and likely evolves differently. Furthermore, results from alignment of the SCC composite island of NW19A with 50 related sequences from different staphylococcal strains provided additional evidence to support the notion that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the original host of heavy metal resistance genes among staphylococci. Given that a SCC composite island could transfer freely among different staphylococcal species from different hosts, more attention should be paid to contamination with heavy metals and antibiotics in dairy farming environments, including wastewater, soil, feces, and feed.

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Local Variants of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec in Sporadic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Evidence of Horizontal Gene Transfer?

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.1.285-296.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 285-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

Anne-Merethe Hanssen ◽

Gry Kjeldsen ◽

Johanna U. Ericson Sollid

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

The United States ◽

Sequence Conservation ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Independent Sequence ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT The mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus is located on the genetic element staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC). Different SCCmecs have been classified according to their putative recombinase genes (ccrA and ccrB) and overall genetic composition. Clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 39) and S. aureus (n = 20) from Norway, India, Italy, Finland, the United States, and the United Kingdom were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which showed that most isolates were genetically unrelated. Cluster analyses of 16S rRNA gene and pta sequences confirmed the traditional biochemical species identification. The mecI, mecR1, mecA, and ccrAB genes were detected by PCRs, identifying 19 out of 20 S. aureus and 17 out of 39 CoNS isolates as carriers of one of the three published ccrAB pairs. New variants of SCCmec were identified, as well as CoNS isolates containing ccrAB genes without the mec locus. ccrAB and mec PCRs were verified by hybridization. Sequence alignments of ccrAB genes showed a high level of diversity between the ccrAB alleles from different isolates, i.e., 94 to 100% and 95 to 100% homology for ccrAB1 and ccrAB2, respectively. All of the ccrAB3 genes identified were identical. Genetically unique and sporadic methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) contained local variants of ccrAB gene pairs identical to those found in MR-CoNS but different from those in MRSA from other regions. Allelic variants of ccrAB in isolates from the same geographic region showed sequence conservation independent of species. The species-independent sequence conservation found suggests that there is a closer genetic relationship between ccrAB2 in Norwegian staphylococci than between ccrAB2 sequences in international MRSA and Norwegian MRSA. This might indicate that different staphylococcal species acquire these genes locally by horizontal gene transfer.

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Recombination between ccrC Genes in a Type V (5C2&5) Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) of Staphylococcus aureus ST398 Leads to Conversion from Methicillin Resistance to Methicillin Susceptibility In Vivo

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00696-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 783-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Monika A. Chlebowicz ◽

Kristelle Nganou ◽

Svitlana Kozytska ◽

Jan P. Arends ◽

Susanne Engelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Insertion Site ◽

Gene Complex ◽

Competitive Growth ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Type V ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT Various types of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) are known to confer methicillin resistance on the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Such cassettes are not always stably maintained. The present studies were aimed at identifying the mechanism underlying the in vivo conversion of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) derivatives as encountered in two patients suffering from pneumonia and an umbilicus infection, respectively. All MRSA and MSSA isolates identified belong to multilocus sequence type (MLST) 398, have spa type t034, and are Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive. Sequencing of 27,616 nucleotides from the chromosomal SCCmec insertion site in orfX to the hsdR gene for a restriction enzyme revealed a type V (5C2&5) SCCmec. Sequence comparisons show that parts of the cassette are highly similar to sequences within SCCmec elements from coagulase-negative staphylococci, indicating a possible common origin. The cassette investigated contains ccrC-carrying units on either side of its class C2b mec gene complex. In vivo loss of the mec gene complex was caused by recombination between the recombinase genes ccrC1 allele 8 and ccrC1 allele 10. In vitro, the SCCmec was very stable, and low-frequency MRSA-to-MSSA conversion was only observed when MRSA isolates were cultivated at 41°C for prolonged periods of time. In this case also, loss of the mec complex was due to ccrC gene recombination. Interestingly, the MRSA and MSSA isolates studied displayed no detectable differences in competitive growth and virulence, suggesting that the presence of the intact type V (5C2&5) SCCmec has no negative bearing on staphylococcal fitness under the conditions used.

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