Characterizing a novel SCC mec with a composite structure from a clinical strain of Staphylococcus hominis , C34847

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ann McClure ◽  
John M. Conly ◽  
Kunyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Secondary Element ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) has predominantly been described in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . However, studies have indicated that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) carry a larger diversity of SCC elements. We characterized a composite SCC mec element carrying an uncharacterized ccr1 and type A mec gene combination, in conjunction with a secondary element bearing ccr4 , from a clinical strain of S. hominis . The element’s complex structure points to a high degree of recombination occurring in SCC mec in CoNS.

scholarly journals Diversity of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Structures in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains among Outpatients from Four Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
François Barbier ◽  
Yasmine Mesli ◽  
Aminata Maiga ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Staphylococcus Cohnii ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT In staphylococci, methicillin (meticillin) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus aureus, but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, 19 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains, 1 (1%) Staphylococcus hominis strain, and 1 (1%) Staphylococcus cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus, respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

scholarly journals Novel Type XII Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecHarboring a New Cassette Chromosome Recombinase, CcrC2

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7597-7601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Wu ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Dongliang Liu ◽  
Huping Xue ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome ◽  
Sequence Identities

ABSTRACTExcision and integration of staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) are mediated by cassette chromosome recombinases (Ccr), which play a crucial role in the worldwide spread of methicillin resistance in staphylococci. We report a novelccrgene,ccrC2, in the SCCmecof aStaphylococcus aureusisolate, BA01611, which showed 62.6% to 69.4% sequence identities to all publishedccrC1sequences. A further survey found that theccrC2gene was mainly located among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and could be found in staphylococcal isolates from China, the United States, France, and Germany. Theccrgene complex harboring theccrC2gene was designated a type 9 complex, and the SCCmecof BA01611 was considered a novel type and was designated type XII (9C2). This novel SCCmecelement in BA01611 was flanked by a pseudo-SCC element (ΨSCCBA01611) carrying a truncatedccrA1gene. Both individual SCC elements and a composite SCC were excised from the chromosome based on detection of extrachromosomal circular intermediates. We advocate inclusion of the ccrC2gene and type 9ccrgene complex during revision of the SCCmectyping method.

scholarly journals A Novel Erythromycin Resistance Methylase Gene (ermTR) in Streptococcus pyogenes

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Seppälä ◽  
Mikael Skurnik ◽  
Hanna Soini ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts ◽  
Pentti Huovinen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methylase Gene

ABSTRACT Erythromycin resistance among streptococci is commonly due to target site modification by an rRNA-methylating enzyme, which results in coresistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics (MLSB resistance). Genes belonging to theermAM (ermB) gene class are the only erythromycin resistance methylase (erm) genes inStreptococcus pyogenes with MLSB resistance that have been sequenced so far. We identified a novelerm gene, designated ermTR, from an erythromycin-resistant clinical strain of S. pyogenes(strain A200) with an inducible type of MLSBresistance. The nucleotide sequence of ermTR is 82.5% identical to ermA, previously found, for example, in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Our finding provides the first sequence of anerm gene other than ermAM that mediates MLSB resistance in S. pyogenes.

scholarly journals Dissemination of the Samecfr-Carrying Plasmid among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Isolates in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3669-3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Chang Cai ◽  
Yan Yan Hu ◽  
Hong Wei Zhou ◽  
Gong-Xiang Chen ◽  
Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Species ◽  
Complete Sequencing ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTSixcfr-harboring methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates, which belonged to the same clone of sequence type 5 (ST5)-staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement II (SCCmecII)-spat311, were investigated in this study. Complete sequencing of acfr-carrying plasmid, pLRSA417, revealed an 8,487-bp fragment containing a Tn4001-like transposon,cfr,orf1, and ISEnfa4. This segment, first identified in an animal plasmid, pSS-01, was observed in several plasmids from clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci in China, suggesting that thecfrgene, which might originate from livestock, was located in the same mobile element and disseminated among different clinical staphylococcal species.

scholarly journals Local Variants of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec in Sporadic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Evidence of Horizontal Gene Transfer?

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Merethe Hanssen ◽  
Gry Kjeldsen ◽  
Johanna U. Ericson Sollid
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Conservation ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Independent Sequence ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT The mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus is located on the genetic element staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC). Different SCCmecs have been classified according to their putative recombinase genes (ccrA and ccrB) and overall genetic composition. Clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 39) and S. aureus (n = 20) from Norway, India, Italy, Finland, the United States, and the United Kingdom were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which showed that most isolates were genetically unrelated. Cluster analyses of 16S rRNA gene and pta sequences confirmed the traditional biochemical species identification. The mecI, mecR1, mecA, and ccrAB genes were detected by PCRs, identifying 19 out of 20 S. aureus and 17 out of 39 CoNS isolates as carriers of one of the three published ccrAB pairs. New variants of SCCmec were identified, as well as CoNS isolates containing ccrAB genes without the mec locus. ccrAB and mec PCRs were verified by hybridization. Sequence alignments of ccrAB genes showed a high level of diversity between the ccrAB alleles from different isolates, i.e., 94 to 100% and 95 to 100% homology for ccrAB1 and ccrAB2, respectively. All of the ccrAB3 genes identified were identical. Genetically unique and sporadic methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) contained local variants of ccrAB gene pairs identical to those found in MR-CoNS but different from those in MRSA from other regions. Allelic variants of ccrAB in isolates from the same geographic region showed sequence conservation independent of species. The species-independent sequence conservation found suggests that there is a closer genetic relationship between ccrAB2 in Norwegian staphylococci than between ccrAB2 sequences in international MRSA and Norwegian MRSA. This might indicate that different staphylococcal species acquire these genes locally by horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals Identification in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus hominis of an Active Primordial Mobile Genetic Element for the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
pp. 2711-2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Katayama ◽  
Fumihiko Takeuchi ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Yoko Ui-Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Mobile Genetic Element ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We previously reported that the methicillin resistance gene mecA is carried by a novel type of mobile genetic element, SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec), in the chromosome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These elements are precisely excised from the chromosome and integrated into a specific site on the recipient chromosome by a pair of recombinase proteins encoded by the cassette chromosome recombinase genes ccrA and ccrB. In the present work, we detected homologues of the ccr genes in Staphylococcus hominis type strain GIFU12263 (equivalent to ATCC 27844), which is susceptible to methicillin. Sequence determination revealed that the ccr homologues in S. hominis were type 1 ccr genes (ccrA1 and ccrB1) that were localized on a genetic element structurally very similar to SCCmec except for the absence of the methicillin-resistance gene, mecA. This genetic element had mosaic-like patterns of homology with extant SCCmec elements, and we designated it SCC12263 and considered it a type I staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC). The ccrB1 gene identified in the S. hominis strain is the first type 1 ccrB gene discovered to retain its function through the excision process as judged by two criteria: (i) SCC12263 was spontaneously excised during cultivation of the strain and (ii) introduction of the S. hominis ccrB1 into an MRSA strain carrying a type I SCCmec whose ccrB1 gene is inactive generated SCCmec excisants at a high frequency. The existence of an SCC without a mec determinant is indicative of a staphylococcal site-specific mobile genetic element that serves as a vehicle of transfer for various genetic markers between staphylococcal species.

scholarly journals Recombination between ccrC Genes in a Type V (5C2&5) Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) of Staphylococcus aureus ST398 Leads to Conversion from Methicillin Resistance to Methicillin Susceptibility In Vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika A. Chlebowicz ◽  
Kristelle Nganou ◽  
Svitlana Kozytska ◽  
Jan P. Arends ◽  
Susanne Engelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT Various types of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) are known to confer methicillin resistance on the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Such cassettes are not always stably maintained. The present studies were aimed at identifying the mechanism underlying the in vivo conversion of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) derivatives as encountered in two patients suffering from pneumonia and an umbilicus infection, respectively. All MRSA and MSSA isolates identified belong to multilocus sequence type (MLST) 398, have spa type t034, and are Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive. Sequencing of 27,616 nucleotides from the chromosomal SCCmec insertion site in orfX to the hsdR gene for a restriction enzyme revealed a type V (5C2&5) SCCmec. Sequence comparisons show that parts of the cassette are highly similar to sequences within SCCmec elements from coagulase-negative staphylococci, indicating a possible common origin. The cassette investigated contains ccrC-carrying units on either side of its class C2b mec gene complex. In vivo loss of the mec gene complex was caused by recombination between the recombinase genes ccrC1 allele 8 and ccrC1 allele 10. In vitro, the SCCmec was very stable, and low-frequency MRSA-to-MSSA conversion was only observed when MRSA isolates were cultivated at 41°C for prolonged periods of time. In this case also, loss of the mec complex was due to ccrC gene recombination. Interestingly, the MRSA and MSSA isolates studied displayed no detectable differences in competitive growth and virulence, suggesting that the presence of the intact type V (5C2&5) SCCmec has no negative bearing on staphylococcal fitness under the conditions used.

scholarly journals Evolution of slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterotoxigenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1296-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banur Boynukara ◽  
Timur Gulhan ◽  
Kemal Gurturk ◽  
Mustafa Alisarli ◽  
Erdal Ogun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans ◽  
Tracheal Aspiration

The present study was designed to determine the slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and the enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains, and to evaluate the clinical importance of slime-producing CoNS and enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens. For this purpose, a total of 120 Staphylococcus strains were isolated and identified, and further characterized for their slime production and enterotoxigenicity. Of the clinical isolates, 55 (45.8 %) were found to be S. aureus, and the others (54.2 %) were identified as CoNS. Of the CoNS, 20 (16.7 %) were further identified as Staphylococcus hominis, 18 (15 %) as Staphylococcus epidermidis, six (5 %) as Staphylococcus xylosus, six (5 %) as Staphylococcus warneri, five (4.2 %) as Staphylococcus sciuri, four (3.3 %) as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and two each (1.7 %) as Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, respectively. Thirty-nine (60 %) of 65 CoNS were found to be slime producers. Slime production was observed in all CoNS, except S. capitis, mostly from blood (38.5 %), tracheal aspiration (20.5 %) and urine (12.8 %) specimens. In addition, of the 55 S. aureus isolates, 46 (83.6 %) were found to be enterotoxigenic, and of these S. aureus strains, 39 (84.7 %) were positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)A. The results of this study showed that the slime-producing CoNS were mostly found in clinical specimens of blood, tracheal aspirate and urine. SEA was the predominant enterotoxin type detected in S. aureus strains from human clinical specimens.

scholarly journals Detection ofmecA- andmecC-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates by the New Xpert MRSA Gen 3 PCR Assay: TABLE 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Becker ◽  
Olivier Denis ◽  
Sandrine Roisin ◽  
Alexander Mellmann ◽  
Evgeny A. Idelevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

An advanced methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) detection PCR approach targeting SCCmec-orfXalong withmecAandmecCwas evaluated forS. aureusand coagulase-negative staphylococci. The possession ofmecAand/ormecCwas correctly confirmed in all cases. All methicillin-susceptibleS. aureusstrains (n= 98; including staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement [SCCmec] remnants) and 98.1% of the MRSA strains (n= 160, including 10mecC-positive MRSA) were accurately categorized.

Lysine effect on ruthenium red and alcian blue preservation of the staphylococci glycocalyx

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Fassel ◽  
James R. Sanger ◽  
Charles E. Edmiston
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

The gram-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci are opportunistic organisms important in latent infection associated with prosthetic biomaterials. Their highly charged polysaccharide glycocalyx, or slime, aids in proliferation of bacteria on surfaces after an initial adhesion event, possibly at the time of surgical insertion. The cationic reagents, ruthenium red (RR) and alcian blue (AB), in en bloc procedures have aided visualization of the polysaccharide glycocalyx material in TEM or SEM applications. Further, enhancement of RR preservation or staining of slime by inclusion of lysine in a prefixation stage has been observed. The effect of lysine with and without RR and AB on preservation/staining of the staphylococci glycocalyx is investigated further in this study.Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62 (RP62) and Staphylococcus hominis SP2 (SP2) were cultured in trypticase soy broth for 18 hrs at 35°C, following recovery from frozen storage and plating on blood agar plates for 24 hrs. Cells with 75mM lysine in the prefixation were incubated for 20 minutes with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA), 2.5% GA and 0.075% RR, or 2.5% GA and 0.075% AB, respectively.

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