High under-five mortality rate in Rural Madhya Pradesh, time to identify high-risk districts using National Family Health Survey-4 data with comparison to low under-five mortality rate in Rural Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Childhood anaemia is a major public health threat that can increase susceptibility to infections, risk of mortality together with serious degrading consequences on cognitive and physical development. The aim was to examine the prevalence of anaemia in children aged under-five years in Assam, India, exploring 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data.Methods: Statistical analysis is performed on the cross-sectional data of 10,309 children from 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), using binary logistic regression model, to assess the significance of some risk factors of child anaemia. Anaemia was diagnosed by WHO cut-off points on hemoglobin level.Results: The prevalence of child anaemia was 35.7 per cent in Assam, India, with mean haemoglobin concentration 11.36 gm/dl (95% CI, 11.32-11.38); male and female being equaled proportionately anaemic. Out of 27 districts in Assam, the highest prevalence was found in Dibrugarh (52.2 per cent), followed by Nalbari (46.7 per cent) and Darrang (45.6 per cent); and the least prevalence was found in Karbi-Anglong (24.4 per cent). The findings indicate that rural children and lower age-groups were at greater risk of anaemia. Higher birth order, low level of maternal education, low level of maternal nutrition and non-intake of iron supplements during pregnancy increased the risk of anaemia among children (p<0.05).Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for proper preventive measures to combat child anaemia. Rural population should be given special attention. Maternal education, nutrition, and birth control measures should be priorities in the programs.

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AN ANALYSIS OF HEALTH PROFILE OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT AS ENVISAGED BY NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY 2019-21

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) ◽

10.36713/epra9283 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Dr.V.Pugazhenthi

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Health Survey ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Family Health ◽

Health Indicators ◽

The State ◽

National Family Health Survey ◽

Country Level ◽

National Family

National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) fieldwork for India was conducted in two phases, during the years between 2019 and 2021 by 17 Field Agencies and gathered information from 636,699 households, 724,115 women, and 101,839 men. Information was gathered from 27,929 households, 25,650 women, and 3,372 men from Tamil Nadu and in Thanjavur from 826 households, 687 women, and 83 men. This research paper points out the health indicators in which Thanjavur District improved over the earlier NFHS and over the State as well as Country level averages in the NFHS-5. As per The NFHS -4 the sex ratio has raised marginally to 1053 and in the NFHS-5, sharply raised to 1112. The sex ratio of the country is also remarkably high crossing 1000 mark, first time in the Indian statistical history in the NFHS-5. NFHS-5 reveals positive note that the child sex ratio restoration back to 934. It reflects the changing mindset proliferating in the district towards the female. Amidst the negative mindset towards upbringing girl children in the state of Tamil Nadu, revealed by the reduced child sex ratio of 878 in NFHS -5 from 954 in NFHS-4 in Tamil Nadu a sharp positive increase in the child sex ratio in Thanjavur is fair enough to the fair sex. On the other hand, the reason for the reduction in the child sex ratio in the rest of the state of Tamil Nadu needs an immediate attention comparing the previous NFHS. It is also to be noted here that even the country level child sex ratio also is in increasing trend as per the present NFHS comparing its earlier survey. KEYWORDS: National Family Health survey, Government sponsored health insurance schemes, health insurance, Sex ratio, child sex ratio, AB-PMJAY.

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Assessing Socio-Demographic Factors of Cesarean Delivery in India: Insights From National Family Health Survey-4

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43676/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Avijit Roy ◽

Pintu Paul ◽

Jay Saha ◽

Margubur Rahaman ◽

Nanigopal Kapasia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Delivery ◽

Health Survey ◽

Low Income ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Family Health ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

National Family Health Survey ◽

Cesarean Birth ◽

National Family

Abstract Background: The rate of cesarean delivery has considerably increased in the world during the last few decades. This paper aims to investigate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of cesarean delivery in India with a focus on Bihar and Tamil Nadu, accounting for the lower and higher proportion of cesarean birth.Methods: The study is based on secondary data, collected from the latest National Family Health Survey in 2015-16 (NFHS-4). The present study is based on 190,898 most recent births during the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify the factors associated with cesarean delivery.Results: The highest rate of cesarean delivery was observed in Telengana (60%) and followed by Andhra Pradesh (42%), Tamil Nadu (36%). C-section found to be negligible in low-income states, namely Bihar (7%), Madhya Pradesh (10%) and Jharkhand (11%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of cesarean delivery was substantially higher among women who married at higher age, with first birth-order, women in the ‘obese’ category with higher education, those from upper quintile of household wealth. Similarly the incidence of cesarean birth was remarkably higher in private hospitals both in the Indian sample (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 3.77-4.03) and in the selected states, Bihar (12.86, 95% CI: 10.92-15.15) and Tamil Nadu (OR 2.74, 95% CI: 2.40-3.13), compared to the public hospitals. Conclusion: Our study revealed that there are a high proportion of women delivering babies through cesarean section in South India. Thus, medical justifications need to be taken to deal with this concern. On the other hand, Women should also be driven towards regular ANC check-ups for the well-being of maternal and newborn health that can also help to increase the cesarean delivery for women who need C-section delivery especially in low-income states.

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Occurrence of Diarrheal diseases among under-five children and associated socio-demographic and household environmental factors: An Investigation Based on National Family Health Survey-4 in Rural India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1179622/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jay Saha ◽

Sabbir Mondal ◽

Pradip Chouhan

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Health Survey ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Family Health ◽

Rural India ◽

National Family Health Survey ◽

Environmental Predictors ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

National Family

Abstract Background: Diarrheal disease is a major population health problem that is the leading reason for mortality and morbidity among children aged 0-59 months in rural India. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, environmental predictors associated with diarrhea among under-five children in rural India. Methods: A total of 188,521 living children (0-59 months) were utilized from the National Family Health Survey-4, 2015–2016. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out from the available NFHS-4 data for selected socio-demographic and environmental predictors to identify the relationship of occurrence of diarrhea using STATA 13.1. Results: In rural India, children aged 12-23 months [AOR: 0.897, 95% CI (0.876, 0.983)], 24-35 months [AOR: 0.579, 95% CI (0.543, 0.617)], 36-47 months [AOR: 0.394, 95% CI (0.367, 0.424)], 48-59 months [AOR: 0.313, 95% CI (0.289, 0.339)] were significantly less likely to suffer diarrheal disease. Female children [AOR: 0.897, 95% CI (0.859, 0.937)], children belonged to Scheduled Tribe [AOR: 0.811, 95% CI (0.755, 0.872)], Other Backward Classes [AOR: 0.902, 95% CI (0.851, 0.956)] were less likelihood to experience diarrhea significantly. Diarrhea disease was also significantly more likely to occur among Muslim children [AOR: 1.217, 95% CI (1.128, 1.313)], other religion [AOR: 1.163, 95% CI (1.062, 1.272)] children in central region [AOR: 1.510, 95% CI (1.410, 1.617)], east region [AOR: 1.077, 95% CI (1.002, 1.157)], and west region [AOR: 1.201, 95% CI (1.095, 1.317)], children with low birth weight [AOR: 1.135, 95% CI (1.074, 1.149)], undernourished [AOR: 1.097, 95% CI (1.038, 1.197)], improper stool disposal [AOR: 1.061, 95% CI (1.002, 1.124)], and rudimentary roof materials [AOR: 1.113, 95% CI (1.048, 1.182)]. Conclusions: In the rural part of India, diarrhea has occurred frequently now. The different socio-demographic and environmental factors are influencing this disease. For reducing the vulnerability of diarrhea the socio-demographic and environmental factors should be improved or monitoring by effective community education. The government and different NGOs should focus on improved drinking water sources, sanitation facility which may reduce the vulnerability of the disease.

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Changing Trends of Consanguineous Marriages in South India

Journal of Asian and African Studies ◽

10.1177/00219096211012017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002190962110120

Author(s):

Harihar Sahoo ◽

Paramita Debnath ◽

Chaitali Mandal ◽

R. Nagarajan ◽

Sathiyasusuman Appunni

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

South India ◽

Family Health ◽

Consanguineous Marriage ◽

National Family Health Survey ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Consanguineous Marriages ◽

Changing Trends ◽

National Family

Consanguineous marriage is still a preferred option in many societies of southern India. Therefore, this study addresses the state and district wise variation in consanguineous marriages and also attempts to find out the underlying factors of this practice in different marriage cohorts of South India. Drawing data from National Family Health Survey-4, the result revealed that there is a reduction in consanguineous marriages from 32.6% who married before 1985 to 23% during 2010–2014. About 13 districts in Tamil Nadu had the highest prevalence of consanguineous marriages, indicating that recent socio-demographic changes such as delays in age at marriages, lesser age gaps between partners, increase in the level of education, etc., did not explicitly affect the consanguineous marriages.

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Antenatal care coverage of pregnant mothers in Tamil Nadu: evidence from National Family Health Survey 4

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 760

Author(s):

Mohankumar Raju

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Population ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Family Health ◽

Poor Performance ◽

National Family Health Survey ◽

Recommended Care ◽

National Family ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Background: The sustainable development goal emphasises on reduction in mothers dying due to pregnancy. Recommended care for the pregnant mothers will help achieve this goal. Tamil Nadu is one of the best performing state in maternal and child health care. Author analysed the full antenatal care coverage of pregnant mothers of the districts of Tamil Nadu by using National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data. Methods: Author did a secondary data analysis of NFHS 4 data for the districts of Tamil Nadu for understanding the MCH coverage. Results: Tamil Nadu showed 45% full AN coverage with 46.3% in urban and 43.8% in rural population, among 32 districts, Krishnagiri (65.5%) is the best performing and Virudhunagar (13.7%) is the poorest performing district of Tamil Nadu. Full AN coverage includes at least 4 AN check-up, vaccination of tetanus toxoid and consumption of 100 IFA tablets in last pregnancy. Tamil Nadu showed 81.1% of at-least 4 AN visit, 71% with vaccination for TT and 64% on consumption of 100 IFA tables. Similar coverage trend among the components of full ANC coverage is seen among all the districts of Tamil Nadu. Conclusion: Focusing on the coverage of IFA tablet consumption and also showing special interest among the rural population will increase the coverage. A detailed assessment for understanding the reasons for poor performance among the districts of Tamil Nadu is needed for better evidence-based practices.

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