scholarly journals The effect of variation of tetrahydropentagamavunon-0 concentration in lotion and emulgel formula toward acute dermal irritation study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Ritmaleni ◽  
DinaSuci Susilo Putri ◽  
Tia Wulandari ◽  
AbdulKarim Zulkarnain ◽  
Mimiek Murrukmihadi
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Irritation

scholarly journals Effect of the Structural and Morphological Properties of Surfactant-Assisted Hydroxyapatite on Dermal Irritation and Antibacterial Activity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6522
Author(s):  
Giovanni García Domínguez ◽  
Sebastián Diaz De La Torre ◽  
Lorena Chávez Güitrón ◽  
Erasto Vergara Hernández ◽  
Joan Reyes Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with a homogeneous rod morphology were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial and dermal irritation analyses of the samples were performed and discussed. The use of cationic and anionic surfactants, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively, at a low concentration (2.5 mol%) modified the length/diameter (L/D) ratio of the HAp rods. Structural characterizations of hydroxyapatite synthesized without surfactant (HA), with 2.5 and 5 mol% of SDS (SDS− and SDS+, respectively), and with 2.5 and 5 mol% of CTAB (CTAB− and CTAB+, respectively) revealed well-crystallized samples in the hexagonal phase. The CTAB− sample presented antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus anginosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that antimicrobial susceptibility was promoted by the bacterial nature and the use of the surfactant. Dermal irritation showed no clinical signs of disease in rabbits during the study, where there was neither erythema nor necrosis at the inoculation sites.

Reliability of Using Fewer Rabbits to Evaluate Dermal Irritation Potential of Industrial Chemicals

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. DERELANKO ◽  
CATHY E. FINEGAN ◽  
BRENDAN J. DUNN
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Dermal Irritation

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Quaternary Salt ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Absorption Data ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Safety Test

Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate is a quaternary salt used as an antistatic agent and as a surfactant in several hair care products. The concentration at which this ingredient is used is unknown, although data reported in 1984 indicated a maximum concentration of 1%. In an inhalation toxicity study, the approximate lethal concentration of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate was 0.403 mg/mm3. This ingredient was shown to be a severe ocular irritant in an animal study. No other safety test data on this ingredient were available. These data were clearly insufficient to support the safety of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate in cosmetics. Data available on Morpholine were summarized, but these data themselves were insufficient to support safety. The data needed in order to complete the safety assessment of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate include: methods of manufacture and impurities, especially nitrosamines; current concentration of use; skin penetration; if there is significant skin penetration, then both a 28-day dermal toxicity study to assess general skin and systemic toxicity and a reproductive and developmental toxicity study are needed; two genotoxicity studies, at least one in a mammalian system, if positive, then a 2-year dermal carcinogenisis study using National Toxicology Program (NTP) methods may be needed; ultraviolet (UV) absorption data, if significantly absorbed, then photosensitization data are needed; dermal irritation and sensitization; and ocular toxicity, if available.

Genotoxicity, acute oral and dermal toxicity, eye and dermal irritation and corrosion and skin sensitisation evaluation of silver nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sik Kim ◽  
Kyung Seuk Song ◽  
Jae Hyuck Sung ◽  
Hyun Ryol Ryu ◽  
Byung Gil Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Skin Sensitisation

Use of the Domestic Swine as an Alternative Animal Model for Conducting Dermal Irritation/Corrosion Studies on Fatty Amine Ethoxylates

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rausch ◽  
E. C. Bisinger ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
R. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Fatty Amine ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Domestic Swine

The dermal irritation/corrosion potential of four fatty amine ethoxylates was evaluated using domestic swine as an alternative animal model. The weanling pig was chosen for this study due to the similarity of its skin to human skin with respect to structure and physiology. The four products, Armostat® 310 (tallow bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine), Armostat® 410 (coco bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine), Armostat® 710 (oleyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine), and Armostat® 1800 (stearyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine) were applied to the skin of three domestic swine for 4 hours in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines. Dermal reactions were scored up to 168 hours post application. Armostat® 310, Armostat® 410, and Armostat® 710 were all classified as moderately irritating, whereas Armostat® 1800 was nonirritating. None of the additives were corrosive to the skin of domestic swine. These products had been previously classified as corrosive based on studies conducted with rabbits using Armostat® 310. This study demonstrates that the use of a more appropriate animal model will generate data that are relevant to humans for the classification of the potential dermal irritation and/or corrosive properties of chemicals.

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