Impact of intrauterine growth restriction and birth weight on infant's early childhood neurodevelopment outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Al-Qashar ◽  
Badr Sobaih ◽  
Eman Shajira ◽  
Saif Al Saif ◽  
IbrahimAbdelhakim Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Neurodevelopment Outcome

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and fetal outcomes: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yuri Takito ◽  
Maria Helena D'Aquino Benício
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between physical activity during the second trimester pregnancy and low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS: Case-control study including 273 low birth weight newborns and 546 controls carried out in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2005. Low birth weight cases were grouped into two subsamples: preterm birth (n=117) and intrauterine growth restriction (n=134), with their related controls. Information was collected by means of interviews with mothers shortly after birth and transcription of medical records. Data were analyzed using conditional multiple and hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS: Light physical activity for over 7 hours per day was shown to be protective against low birth weight (adjusted OR=0.61; 95% CI 0.39-0.94) with a dose-response relationship (p-value for trend=0.026). A similar trend was found for intrauterine growth restriction (adjusted OR=0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.97). Homemaking activities were associated as a protective factor for both low birth weight and preterm birth (p-value for trend=0.013 and 0.035, respectively). Leisure-time walking was found to be protective against preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Mild physical activity during the second trimester of pregnancy such as walking has an independent protective effect on low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction.

Civil unrest linked to intrauterine growth restriction in western Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-373
Author(s):  
E. Dybjer ◽  
J. Linvik ◽  
P. M. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Control Hospital ◽  
Mount Elgon

Risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have previously been identified, but few studies have described the relationship between IUGR and maternal stress caused by exposure to civil unrest. Here, we investigate this relationship during the Mount Elgon crisis in western Kenya between 2006 and 2008, following a period of violence. Birth weight data were compared between three hospitals in an exposed area, Mount Elgon (n=570), and one hospital in a control area, Kimilili (n=530). In a sub-analysis, the most stress exposed hospital, Bungoma West (n=211), was compared with the control hospital in Kimilili. Adjustments were made for offspring sex, gestational age and parity. The difference in mean birth weight between the most stress-exposed hospital (Bungoma West) and the control hospital (Kimilili) was 91 g after full adjustment (P=0.041). In conclusion, epidemiological data suggest a significant relationship between exposure to civil unrest and IUGR causing lower birth weight.

Abstract 15515: Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiac Response to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Maloyan ◽  
Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan ◽  
Mark Nijland ◽  
Peter W Nathanielsz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Poor fetal nutrient availability predisposes to adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have developed a fetal baboon model of maternal undernutrition resulting in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) in both male and female fetuses (Li, et al, J Endocrinol, 2013). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through mRNA degradation and translational repression. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that IUGR is accompanied by cardiac dysfunction and dysregulation of cardiac miRNAs. Methods: Six control pregnant baboons ate ad libitum, and six nutrient restricted pregnant baboons ate a globally reduced diet (70% of control feed) from 0.16 gestation (G) through pregnancy resulting in fetal IUGR compared to controls (p<0.05). No differences in heart weight were observed. Fetuses (3 males and 3 females per group) were euthanized at C-section at 0.9G. Cardiac sections were studied for morphological changes and fibrosis using H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining respectively. Total left ventricular RNA was isolated and miRNA array was performed. Results: While no differences in myofiber orientation were observed, IUGR male but not female fetuses showed a reverse correlation between birth weight and accumulation of fibrotic tissue in the heart (r=-0.831, p=0.01). We next investigated the expression of the extracellular matrix proteins thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). A reverse correlation between birth weight and cardiac TSP-1 levels (r=-0.77, p=0.03) was found in male but not female fetuses. No changes in CTGF were observed. Sexual dimorphism was observed in fetal cardiac miRNA expression within both IUGR and control groups. In male IUGR group, the increase in levels of TSP-1 was associated with more than 50% reduction in expression of its targeting miRNA-19a, reduction in which has been implicated in CVD. Other CVD-related and differentially expressed miRNAs in male IUGR included miRNA-23b, 27b, 99b, 143, 181a, and 378-3p. Summary: IUGR resulting from decreased maternal nutrition is associated with sexual dimorphism in cardiac structure and miRNA expression. If the changes observed in male IUGR fetuses persists postnatally they may program offspring for higher CVD risk later in life.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S40070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Sweta Shastri ◽  
Pradeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Neonatal Problems

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.

Women with the Prothrombophilic HPA-1b Genotype of Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Are at Increased Risk of Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1487
Author(s):  
Andrea Gerhardt ◽  
Nadja Howe ◽  
Jan S. Kruessel ◽  
Hans G. Bender ◽  
Rudiger E. Scharf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Association

Abstract Background: Disturbances in the placental vascular development with endothelial inflammation and thrombotic occlusion of the placental vasculature are associated with fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IGR). As shown in previous studies, the HPA-1b allele of the b subunit of the essential platelet integrin αIIbβ3, also known as glycoprotein IIb–IIIa, can be associated with increased platelet thrombogenicity, leading to arterial vascular occlusion also triggered by inflammatory endothelial alterations. We performed a case-control study to assess HPA-1b as risk determinant for fetal IGR. Materials and Methods: Fifty two women with fetal IGR (defined by birth weight below the 5th- and 10th percentile for gestational age and sex) were evaluated. Women with other reasons of IGR (history of venous thrombosis, fetal loss, and preeclampsia) were excluded. The fetuses were born alive after the 24th week of gestation. As control subjects, 307 normal women with at least one previous pregnancy and no previous pregnancy complication were included. Results: There was a significant risk association of the HPA-1b/1b genotype (birth weight below 5% percentile: odds ratio (OR) 6.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–21); birth weight below 10% percentile: OR 4.6 (95% CI 1.4–15). OR for the HPA-1b/1b genotype (birth weight below 5% percentile) in subgroups with increased levels of fibrinogen (above median > 284mg/dl) were 17.7 (95% CI 2.9–106) and increased levels of FVIII:C (above median > 147%) were 22.1 (95% CI 3.8–127). No significant difference between the genotype distribution was found in patients with low levels of fibrinogen and/or FVIII:C. Similar results were found for women with IGR with a birth weight below the 10% percentile. There was no significant risk association for factor V Leiden G1691A, prothrombin G20210A mutation, and MTHFR 677TT. Conclusions: The platelet receptor genotype HPA-1b/1b is significantly associated with IGR. As possible pathological mechanism, an increased HPA-1b-associated thrombogenicity of platelets leading to IGR via interaction with an inflammatory vascular process and/or via increased levels of FVIII:C or plasma fibrinogen have to be considered. Pharmacological control of the observed platelet thrombogenicity in patients at risk may be of clinical relevance. In consequence, it will be of importance to examine whether this critical subgroup of patients can benefit from prevention with specific antiplatelet agents.

Placental expression of the obesity-associated gene FTO is reduced by fetal growth restriction but not by macrosomia in rats and humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mayeur ◽  
O. Cisse ◽  
A. Gabory ◽  
S. Barbaux ◽  
D. Vaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Placental Villi ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Genetic variants in the FTO (fat mass- and obesity-associated) gene have the highest association of all obesity-associated genes. Its placental expression was shown to relate to birth weight, suggesting that it may participate in the control of fetal weight gain. To gain more insight into the implication of FTO in fetal growth, we measured its placental expression in samples including extremes of abnormal fetal growth, such as after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or macrosomia in both rats and humans. In rats, fetal growth was modulated by maternal nutritional modifications. In humans, placental villi were collected from pathological pregnancies (i.e. with IUGR or fetal macrosomia). Placental FTO mRNA expression was reduced by IUGR but was not significantly affected by macrosomia in either rats or humans. Our data suggest that placental FTO may participate in interactions between the in utero environment and the control of fetal growth under IUGR conditions by modulating epigenetic processes.

scholarly journals Differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 between Appropriate Neonates between Normal Birth Weight and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessi Ardiani ◽  
Defrin Defrin ◽  
Husna Yetti
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Normal Neonates

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) was defined as the growth of the fetus less than its normal potential growth due to genetic and environmental factors. One of the most widely believed causes of IUGR was impaired uteroplacental mechanism from mother to fetus. Furthermore, factor which was thought to affect placental growth was due to the influence of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) which play an important role in angiogenesis. AIM: This study aims to determine differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and moderately mature Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) between normal birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional study at four hospitals in Padang city from August 2017-January 2018. The sample of this study was umbilical cord blood of appropriate gestational age neonate with normal birth weight (31 neonates) and IUGR (31 neonates) by consecutive sampling, samples taken from mothers who meet inclusion criteria. BDNF and MMP-9 levels were analysed by ELISA. The differences between normal birth weight and IUGR test were followed by unpaired T-test. RESULTS: The results showed that BDNF levels in normal neonates was 1.58 ± 0.23 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 ng/ml (p = 0.001). MMP-9 levels in normal neonates was 1.09 ± 0.20 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study was BDNF of moderately mature neonates was significantly higher in normal birth weight compared to intrauterine growth restriction, and the moderately high MMP-9 neonates were significantly higher in intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal birth weight.

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