Bacterial pathogens from lower respiratory tract infections: A study from Western Rajasthan

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are one of the most common infections among the patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Admission in ICUs and use of life supporting devices increase the risk of infection with multidrug resistant pathogens. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiograms ofthe bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infectionsamong patients of ICUs. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 specimens from patients admitted in ICUswith lower respiratory tract infections were included in this study. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques. Carbapenamase detection was performed by modified Hodge test method.Detection of metallo beta lactamase (MBL) was tested by imipenem and imipenem/EDTA disc. Detection of Klebsiellapneumoniaecarbapenamase (KPC) was performed by imipenem and imipenem/phenyl boronic acid. Results: Out of 184 samples, 131 showed significant growth of bacterial pathogens. Acinetobacter species (42.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa(13.9%)were the three most common isolates. Out of 22 imipenem resistant isolates of Acientobacter species, 9 were KPC producer, 4 were MBL producers and 3 isolates were positive for MBL and KPC both. Among the Acinetobacter species, 5.1% isolates were resistant to tigecycline and colistin. One isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positive for MBL. Conclusions:High prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in ICUs was recorded. Gram negative bacilli were predominantly associated with LRTI among ICU patients;Acinetobacterspecies being most common isolate. Detection of carbapenamase among the Acinetobacterand emergence of tigecycline resistancelimits the therapeutic options.Regular monitoring of such resistant isolates would be important for managing infection control in critical units.

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Clinical study of lower respiratory tract infections in children attending a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173775 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1733

Author(s):

Venkata Krishna Munagala ◽

Ramisetty M. Uma Mahesh ◽

Jithendra Kandati ◽

Munilakshmi Ponugoti

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

Background: WHO estimated burden of respiratory tract infections in 2010, estimates four and half million deaths due to respiratory tract infections among children every year. In India, 1.2 million deaths have been reported among children due to RTI among 5.9 million deaths globally. Lower respiratory tract infections are most common causes of death than upper respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis are most common types of LRTI in children. Pneumonia accounts for most of the deaths in children < 5 years of age. The present study was undertaken with an objective to know the various types of lower respiratory tract infections in children less than 12 years of age. The study also aims to know the various bacterial agents causing respiratory tract infections with their antibiotic susceptibility.Methods: Hospital based, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year and 375 children were enrolled. Demographic, clinical history and examination was done and signs and symptoms noted. All necessary investigations were performed and followed regularly for management and outcome.Results: Incidence of LRTI in the study was 9.76% with male preponderance (65.33%) and most common among children in 1-4 years age group. Ratio of males to females was 1.9:1. 73.6% of cases were in low socio-economic group, 35.2% were found with PEM-I grade and 18.13% had no immunization coverage. Cough and breathlessness were the major symptoms and respiratory distress and clubbing were major signs in the study. Bronchopneumonia was the commonest cause (38.7%) followed by bronchiolitis and Allergic bronchitis. 18.45 of cases had anemia and Leucocytosis was also present. Pulmonary infiltration was the major finding in the X-ray of chest. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common bacterial pathogens isolated.Conclusions: To conclude, our study clearly highlighted the various types of clinical presentations, risk factors and different types of LRTI in children <12 years of age. Understanding a clear knowledge of the etiology and bacterial pathogens clearly provides guidance for the physician in management and clinical outcome.

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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of some bacterial pathogens involved in lower respiratory tract infections in Egypt

Acta Microbiologica ◽

10.3823/286 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khaled M. Aboshanab

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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The Alexander Project 1996–1997: latest susceptibility data from this international study of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/45.2.191 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 191-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 228

Author(s):

David Felmingham ◽

Reuben N. Grüneberg

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

International Study ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Susceptibility Data ◽

Tract Infections

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Comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem against bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00461.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 753-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P.S. Hicks ◽

B. Pelak ◽

G.L. Woods ◽

K.F. Bartizal ◽

M. Motyl

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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Development of two real-time multiplex PCR assays for the detection and quantification of eight key bacterial pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1016/j.cmi.2015.05.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 788.e1-788.e13 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

N.J. Gadsby ◽

M.P. McHugh ◽

C.D. Russell ◽

H. Mark ◽

A. Conway Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Real Time ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Detection And Quantification

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Current Trend in the Antibiogram of Bacterial Pathogens of Adult Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2021/v8i330237 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Oluwalana T. Oyekale ◽

Bola O. Ojo ◽

Damilola E. Oguntunmbi ◽

Oluwatoyin I. Oyekale

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Empirical Treatment ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are among the commonest infectious diseases requiring hospitalization. There is an increasing resistance development of bacterial pathogens of LRTIs to the commonly prescribed antibiotics necessitating regular surveillance for these bacteria and their antibiogram. Aim: To identify bacterial pathogens of adult LRTIs, determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and suggest the best empirical treatment of adult LRTIs in the setting. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 194 respiratory samples from 194 consecutive consenting adult in-patient of a Federal Teaching Hospital were processed. Identification of isolated bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates were carried out following the standard protocol. Results: Bacteria isolation was seen in 52.1% of all specimens, highest isolation rate was from sputum (55.2%). Isolation was higher in males (54.9%) than females (48.1%) but no significant difference was seen (P=0.36). Gram negative bacteria were predominantly isolated (64.4%) and Klebsilla pneumoniae was the most common (33.7%). Eight extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were also detected. All isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. All MRSAs were sensitive to vancomycin. There was poor sensitivity pattern seen against most antibiotics tested. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were the predominant bacterial pathogen isolated, and isolates were resistant to most antibiotics tested, though, all were sensitive to carbapenems. Levofloxacin plus gentamicin, and carbapenems were the suggested first and second line empirical treatment of choice respectively for adult LRTIs in this and similar settings.

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