Comparative evaluation of the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and xylitol-containing chewing gum on salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity in children: An in vivo study

Different formulas of topical fluoride have been used to manage root carious lesions. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of a dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride compared with fluoride alone in reversing/arresting root caries in xerostomic patients over 1 year. A total of 80 patients (age range 45–92 years) with primary root caries (n = 184 root carious lesions) and unstimulated salivary flow rate of <0.2 mL/min were randomly allocated to receive either dental varnish containing CPP-ACP and 5% fluoride (group 1: MI varnish; GC, Japan) (n = 41, 83 lesions), or dental varnish with 5% fluoride alone (group 2: NUPRO White; Dentsply, USA) (n = 39, 101 lesions). Clinical assessments with Severity Index (SI) for root caries, DIAGNOdent measurements, and varnish application were carried out at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Standard oral hygiene instructions with 1,450 ppm fluoride toothpastes were provided for both groups. After 3 months, 63.9% (n = 46) of root caries in group 1 became hard (SI: 0) compared with 39.3% (n = 35) in group 2 (p < 0.01). After 6 and 12 months, the differences in SI were insignificant (group 1, n = 60, 83.3%) (group 2, n = 66, 74.2%) (p = 0.36), and (group 1, n = 60, 89.6%) (group 2, n = 67, 81.7%, n = 1 soft, 1.2%) (p = 0.29), respectively. In both groups, noncavitated leathery lesions were more likely to become hard when compared to the cavitated root caries. A significant decrease in plaque index, surface roughness, lesion dimension, and DIAGNOdent readings with a significant increase in lesion distance from the gingival margin was reported in both groups (p < 0.05). This study has provided evidence that fluoride dental varnish either with or without calcium and phosphate has the potential to arrest/reverse root caries, especially noncavitated lesions for patients with xerostomia.

Download Full-text

Signs of oral dryness in relation to salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and dry mouth complaints

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/1472-6831-7-15 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Najat MA Farsi

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Dry Mouth ◽

Ph Buffering ◽

Oral Dryness ◽

Ph Buffering Capacity

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Saliva in FK Ukrida Students After Chewing Paraffin, Xylitol and Sucrose Gum

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.47007/ijobb.v5i1.73 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Wan Aishah Fariha Binti Wan Nazri ◽

William Daud ◽

Flora Rumiati

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Ph Value ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Chewing Gum ◽

Ph Values ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Sugar Levels

Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2009 shows that national sugar consumption per capita reaches 12kg / year. Snacks consumed mostly were based on sucrose sugar and it turns out that sucrose is increasing the insidens of caries because sugar-based foods and drinks cause acid-resistant bacteria to obtain a suitable environment for growth. To overcome this problem sucrose was replaced with alcohol sugar such as xylitol, especially in chewing gum. However, it is still unknown the effect of xylitol on saliva. The purpose of this study was to see whether there were differences in salivary characteristics after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum by looking at salivary pH values, reducing sugar levels in saliva and salivary flow rates. Saliva collection is done by spitting method then the total volume is divided by the time of collection to get the flow rate of saliva. Salivary pH is measured using a pH meter while reducing sugar levels are measured using the Benedict's test. The sample for this study consisted of 50 Ukrida FK students. The results of this study indicate that the highest salivary flow rate is after chewing xylitol chewing gum. While the reducing sugar levels in saliva are only found after chewing sucrose chewing gum. For salivary pH values, after chewing sucrose chewing gum the most acidic pH was obtained when compared to after chewing paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From the research that has been done, after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum, the highest salivary flow rate was obtained after consuming xylitol chewing gum, while the lowest was after consuming paraffin. Meanwhile, the highest pH value of saliva was after consuming paraffin and the lowest was after consuming sucrose chewing gum. Meanwhile, reducing sugar levels in saliva was only found after consuming sucrose chewing gum and was not found after consuming paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From this study it can be concluded that there are differences in the characteristics of saliva among FK Ukrida students after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum.

Download Full-text

Differences in salivary flow rate and pH between chewing gum of xylitol and sucrose at 4, 5, and 6 grade of Inpres Toddopuli elementary school in Makassar

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v1i1.152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Sarah Eva Chalid ◽

Sherly Horax

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Chewing Gum

Download Full-text

Differences in the salivary inorganic ions levels and salivary flow rate of the periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol30no3.21201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rizki Amalina ◽

Mahdalena Mahdalena ◽

Grahita Aditya

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Plaque Deposition ◽

Periodontal Inflammation ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Saliva Flow

Introduction: Saliva contains numerous proteins and electrolytes that may serve as biomarkers of pathological conditions, including periodontitis. Saliva flow also influenced by pathological conditions, such as periodontitis. Therefore, saliva analysis, as one of the biomarker source needs to be examined. This study was aimed to analyse the differences salivary inorganic ions levels (calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate) and salivary flow rate in periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients. Methods: This research was analytic-observational using two groups, the healthy periodontal group consisting of 21 people (PI scores between 0-0.2) and the periodontitis group consisting of 21 people (PI scores between 0.7-8.0). Unstimulated saliva was collected using a passive drolling method. The calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate levels in the saliva were analysed using UV/Vis spectrophotometers. Results: Calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate levels in saliva were different between groups. Salivary flow rate also different between groups. There was a significant difference (p = 0.00) in the calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate levels between groups (t-test), and also significantly different (p = 0.000) salivary flow rate between groups. The higher the salivary flow rate, the higher the levels of calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate would be. Conclusion: Periodontitis condition increases the level of salivary inorganic ions and salivary flow rate because of periodontal inflammation. This inflammation mainly because of plaque deposition and calculus. Increased level of inorganic ions in the saliva such as calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate, and also the salivary flow rate indicates the existence of a periodontal disease.

Download Full-text