Efficacy of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on dynamic stability, athletic performance, and range of motion of the lower limb – A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JabirMunassar Alsulaie ◽  
MohammedN Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

scholarly journals Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Its Mechanisms and Effects on Range of Motion and Muscular Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Hindle ◽  
Tyler Whitcomb ◽  
Wyatt Briggs ◽  
Junggi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Reciprocal Inhibition ◽  
Gate Control Theory ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Muscular Function ◽  
And Performance

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Its Mechanisms and Effects on Range of Motion and Muscular FunctionProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is common practice for increasing range of motion, though little research has been done to evaluate theories behind it. The purpose of this study was to review possible mechanisms, proposed theories, and physiological changes that occur due to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Four theoretical mechanisms were identified: autogenic inhibition, reciprocal inhibition, stress relaxation, and the gate control theory. The studies suggest that a combination of these four mechanisms enhance range of motion. When completed prior to exercise, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation decreases performance in maximal effort exercises. When this stretching technique is performed consistently and post exercise, it increases athletic performance, along with range of motion. Little investigation has been done regarding the theoretical mechanisms of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, though four mechanisms were identified from the literature. As stated, the main goal of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is to increase range of motion and performance. Studies found both of these to be true when completed under the correct conditions. These mechanisms were found to be plausible; however, further investigation needs to be conducted. All four mechanisms behind the stretching technique explain the reasoning behind the increase in range of motion, as well as in strength and athletic performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation shows potential benefits if performed correctly and consistently.

INFLUENCE OF FOOT INSOLE ON THE GAIT PERFORMANCE IN SUBJECTS WITH FLAT FOOT DISORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950050
Author(s):  
M. T. KARIMI ◽  
R. B. TAHMASEBI ◽  
B. SATVATI ◽  
F. FATOYE
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Disorder

Flat foot is the most common foot disorder that influences the alignment of the lower limb structure. It is controversial whether the use of foot insole influences kinetic and kinematic of the leg or not. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of foot insole on the gait performance in subjects with flat foot disorder. A group of flat foot subject was recruited into this study (the number of subjects was 15). The motion of the leg joints was determined using the Qualysis motion analysis system. Moreover, the force applied on the lower limb was recorded by a Kistler force plate. The range of motion of the lower limb joints, the moments applied on the lower limb joints and force transmitted through the leg were the parameters used in this study. The difference between these parameters during walking with and without insole was evaluated using the paired [Formula: see text]-test. Significant value was set at [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference between the range of motion of ankle joint while walking with and without insole. However, the medial directed force applied on the leg decreased significantly [Formula: see text]. The use of foot insole did not influence the moments transmitted through the hip and knee joints. The walking speed of the subjects improved while walking with foot insole. Use of foot insole influenced the magnitude of the force applied on the leg and the adductor moment of ankle joint due to its influence on foot alignment. As the walking speed of the improved subjects follows the use of insole, it can be concluded that it may have a positive effects on the performance of flat foot subjects.

Immediate effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of hamstring muscles on straight leg raise, craniovertebral angle, and cervical spine range of motion in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness: A prospective randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eun-Dong Jeong ◽  
Chang-Yong Kim ◽  
Nack-Hwan Kim ◽  
Hyeong-Dong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Group Effects

BACKGROUND: The cranio-cervical flexion exercise and sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique have been used to improve a forward head posture among neck pain patients with straight leg raise (SLR) limitation. However, little is known about the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) after applying stretching methods to the hamstring muscle. OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate effects of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on SLR, CVA, and CROM in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness. METHODS: 64 subjects were randomly allocated to the static stretching (n1= 32) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n2= 32) stretching group. The SLR test was performed to measure the hamstring muscle’s flexibility and tightness between the two groups, with CROM and CVA also being measured. The paired t-test was used to compare all the variables within each group before and after the intervention. The independent t-test was used to compare the two groups before and after the stretching exercise. RESULTS: There were no between-group effects for any outcome variables (P> 0.05). However, all SLR, CVA, and CROM outcome variables were significantly improved within-group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no between-group effects for any outcome variable; however, SLR, CVA, and CROM significantly improved within-group after the one-session intervention in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness.

The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-concept; the state of the evidence, a narrative review

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Smedes ◽  
Marianne Heidmann ◽  
Carsten Schäfer ◽  
Nicola Fischer ◽  
Agnieszka Stępień
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

scholarly journals Balance Strategy Exercise versus Lower Limb-ROM Exercise for Reducing the Risk of Falls among Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Zakia Azkia ◽  
Rahmi Setiyani ◽  
Lita Heni Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Older People ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Balance Strategy

Background: Falls are a significant health problem and the most common cause of injuries in older people. Different types of exercise have been recommended to prevent falls, including balance exercise and range of motion. However, there is a lack of evidence to compare the effect of the two exercises.Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of Balance Strategy Exercise (BSE) and Lower Limb-Range of Motion (ROM) exercise on reducing the risk of falls among older people living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-post design without a control group. A total of 30 older adults from two nursing homes who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in the study. A cluster randomization technique was used to assign the older people into either BSE or Lower-Limb ROM groups evenly. Treatment was given for 30 minutes per session, three sessions per week for three weeks. The risk of falls was measured using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed significant differences in the TUG scores before and after the intervention within both the BSE (p=0.001) and the Lower Limb-ROM group (p=0.001). However, the Lower Limb-ROM group demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in TUG score than the BSE group after the intervention (p=0.008).Conclusion: Lower Limb-ROM exercise is better to reduce the risk of falls among older people living in institutional care than BSE. This exercise can be applied as part of a fall prevention program in nursing homes.

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