Prevalence and the factors influencing soil-transmitted helminths among school age children (5–14 years age) in a rural area of Coimbatore district

Abstract Background: Comprehensive nationwide on prevalence, geographic distribution of different species and time trends of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a summary and location of the available data on STHs infection among preschool and school-age children in Ethiopia. Methods: The search were carried out in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar on data published between 1995 to Fabruary 2020 for studies describing rate of STHs infection among preschool and school-age in Ethiopian. We followed Patient, intervention, Comparsion and Outcome (PICO) approach to identify the studies. Endnote citation manager software version X9 for Windows was utilized to collect and organize search outcomes (into relevant and irrelevant studies) and for removal duplicate articles . We conducted meta-regression to understand the trends and the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using ‘metaprop’ command using STATA software version 14.Results: A total of 29,311 of the 61,690 children examined during the period under review were infected with one or more species of intestinal parasites yielding an overall prevalence of 48 % (95%CI: 43-53%). The overall pooled estimate of STHs was 33% (95% CI: 28-38%). The prevalence was 44% (95%CI : 31% - 58%) in SNNPR, 34%((95%CI : 28% - 41%) in Amhara region, 31% (95%CI : 19% - 43%) in Oromia region and 10% (95%CI : 7% - 12%) in Tigray region. Soil-transmitted helminths infection rate has been decreasing from 44% (95% CI:30-57%) pre-Mass Drug Administration (MDA) era (1997-2012) to 30% (95% CI:25-34%) post-MDA (2013-2020), although statistically not significant (p = 0.45). A. lumbricoides was the predominant species with a prevalence of 17%. Conclusion: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region , Amhara and Oromia regions carry the highest burden and are categorized to Moderate Risk Zones (MRZ) and therefore, requiring mass drug administration (MDA) once annually with Albendazole or Mebendazole. Prevalence of SHTs decreased after MDA compared to before MDA, but the decline was not statistically significant. A. lumbricoides was the predominant species of STHs among preschool and school-age children in Ethiopia.

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Relationship between the Cleanliness of Nails and the Usage of Footwear with the Incidence of Helminths Infections on Elementary Student in Sibolga of 2019

Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal ◽

10.33258/bioex.v2i1.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Roslina Pane ◽

Nurmaini ◽

Lita Sri Andayani

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

School Age Children ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Elementary Student ◽

School Age ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

A Value ◽

Primary School Age

Soil – Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection is one of the most common infections in the world, especially for the poor society. Worm infections spread through eggs in human feces that contaminate soils where the level of sanitation is bad. Worm infections are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, one of which is Indonesia. Around 568 million school-age children have high potential for STH because they live in an areas prone to STH infections (WHO, 2017a). Soil Transmitted Helminths Infection is a health problem with a high prevalence in the tropics and subtropics, especially Indonesia. Children with the primary school age are the group that most often suffer from infection because more daily activities are in contact with the soil and in clean living behavior is still low. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between sex and Helminths Infection, nail hygiene and using footwear with the incidence of helminthiasis in students in the city of Sibolga. The results obtained from this study are the number of students infected by helminthiasis by 33.82%, based on male gender as many as 20 students (60.6%) of the 44 students examined and the number of infected women as many as 18 students (39.4 %) of 41 female students examined. The results of the category assessment, for the category of nail hygiene with a good 32.94 percent (28 students) and the category is less good at 67.06 percent (57 people). From the bivariate analysis there was no relationship between sex and helminthiasis. The results of nail hygiene analysis, there is a significant relationship between nail hygiene with helminthiasis infection with a value of p = 0.009 and the value of the prevalence ratio of 2.751. Analysis using footwear, there is a significant relationship between the habit of using footwear with helminthiasis infection with a value of p = 0.004 with a prevalence ratio value of 3.195. From the results of the multiple logistic regression test, the most influential value between nail hygiene and using footwear is using footwear with a p value = 0.009 with a constant value of 3.410.

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Malaria Parasite Species Composition of Plasmodium Infections Among Asymptomatic and Symptomatic School-Age Children in Rural and Urban Areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

10.21203/rs.3.rs-389568/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sabin S. Nundu ◽

Richard Culleton ◽

Shirley V. Simpson ◽

Hiroaki Arima ◽

Jean-Jacques Muyembe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Malaria Parasite ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

School Age Children ◽

Asymptomatic Malaria ◽

School Age ◽

Republic Of Congo

Abstract Background. Malaria remains a major public health concern in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and school-age children are relatively neglected in malaria prevalence surveys and may constitute a significant reservoir of transmission. This study aimed to understand the burden of malaria infections in school-age children in Kinshasa/DRC.Methods. 634 (427 asymptomatic and 207 symptomatic) blood samples were collected from a cross-sectional survey of school-age children aged 6 to 14 years both without and with malaria symptoms. Nested-PCR was performed for malaria parasite species typing. Results. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium spp., Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale was 62.3, 58.1, 19.9 and 10.8% among asymptomatic whereas it was 94.4, 93.2, 12.6 and 15.9% in symptomatic children, respectively. All Plasmodium species infections were significantly more prevalent in the rural area compared to the urban area in asymptomatic infections (p<0.001). Living in a rural as opposed to an urban area was associated with a five-fold greater risk of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage (p<0.001). Amongst asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers, 43% of children in the rural area were co-infected with two or more species with P. falciparum + P. malariae the most common (24%) whereas in the urban setting, fewer children carried co-infections (16%) with P. falciparum + P. malariae again the most common (9%). A fifth of rural-dwelling symptomatic children were co-infected with two or more species with P. falciparum + P. ovale the most common (14%), while a quarter of symptomatic children in the urban area carried multiple species, with co-infections of P. falciparum + P. malariae the most common (11%). Conclusion. School-age children are at significant risk from both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria parasite infections. Continuous systematic screening and treatment of school-age children in high-transmission settings across the country may reinforce malaria intervention measures.

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Low Vision Clinical Services in a Rural Area: An Outreach Model for School-Age Children

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x8307700401 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 145-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cindy Lubke ◽

Anne L. Corn

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Low Vision ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Clinical Services ◽

Service Center ◽

Populated Area ◽

Education Service Center ◽

Education Service ◽

Related Service

Clinical low vision services are a vital related service for students with low vision. A rationale and a model are offered for the delivery of services through a regional Education Service Center in a sparsely populated area of Texas. Optical aids and vision stimulation programs were provided for students who could benefit from them.

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Factors influencing the presence of otitis media with effusion 16 months after initial diagnosis in a cohort of school-age children in rural Greece: A prospective study

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.03.047 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 1641-1647 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

John Xenellis ◽

John Paschalidis ◽

Christos Georgalas ◽

Dimitris Davilis ◽

Antonis Tzagaroulakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Initial Diagnosis ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

A Prospective Study

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Preventive chemotherapy coverage against Soil-transmitted helminthiases among school age children in vertical versus integrated treatment approaches: Implications from coverage validation survey in Ethiopia

10.1101/2020.03.18.20038620 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mekuria Asfaw ◽

Zerihun Zerdo ◽

Chuchu Churko ◽

Fikre Seife ◽

Manaye Yihune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Integrated Treatment ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Mass Treatment ◽

Age Group ◽

Preventive Chemotherapy ◽

Treatment Coverage ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene

AbstractBackgroundSoil-transmitted helminths (STH) are widely distributed in Ethiopia with highest prevalence and burden. Since 2015 the country launched national deworming programme to control STH associated morbidity using mass treatment with Albendazole/Mebendazole. Data on routine coverage of Preventive chemotherapy (PC) are available at different level of the health system, however in some circumstances these reports are unreliable and evidence is lacking on validated treatment coverage against STH.MethodologyA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in ten districts of Ethiopia; from January to April 2019. A total of 8154 SAC (4100 males and 4054 females) were participated from randomly selected households. Data were analysed using SPSS software (IBM, version 25); then di-aggregated by gender, age and school attendance and presented in tables and graphs.Principal findingsAlbendazole/Mebendazole mass treatment coverage against STH among school-age children was found to be 71%. In vertical (school-based) treatment approach, 4822(68.4%) were treated; whereas in integrated (community directed) approach, 963(86.9 %) were treated. The treatment coverage among males was 2948(71.9%), while among females it was 2837(70%). Based on age the treatment coverage in the age group 10-14 years was 77%; which is higher than the coverage in age group 5-9 years was 64.4%. In addition, the treatment coverage in school attendant was 81%; which is higher than coverage non-enrolled children (28%). The main deworming site was school, 5223(91%). Moreover, the main reported reasons for not swallowing drugs were not attending school, 422(19.75%) and drugs were not given, 397(18.6%).Concussions/significanceAlbendazole/Mebendazole mass treatment coverage against soil-transmitted helminths among school-age children was below the WHO recommendation (75%). Operational research is required to identify barriers for low coverage of ALB/MBD among children who are non-enrolled school-age children. Further, a call for action is required from different stakeholders to improve treatment coverage of ALB/MBD.Author SummaryNeglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases, which inequitably affect the world’s poorest, marginalized, voiceless and powerless people. It is prevalent in areas with unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene. STH (ascariasis, hookworm, and trichuriasis), intestinal worms, are one of the common NTDs which are transmitted through contact with soil contaminated with human feces.Globally, more than 4 billion people are at risk for STH and with over 1 billion are already infected. In Ethiopia, about 81 million people are at risk for STH infection. School age children and pre-school age children are highly affected by the diseases, and it causes anemia, vitamin A deficiency, stunting, malnutrition, impaired development, and intestinal obstruction.As one of NTDS, ending STH can contribute to Ethiopia be on track of attaining universal health coverage (UHC). STH can be controlled, possibly eliminated by combined interventions of preventive chemotherapy with improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). In Ethiopia, though remarkable attainments are made so far on controlling STH morbidity through mapping and scaling-up mass drug administration, still more work is required to increase coverage of PC and integration of PC with WASH to meet the national objectives of elimination or control of STH.

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