Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Intelligence: Defense of a Reductionist Approach

Author(s):  
Andrew R. A. Conway
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lucidi ◽  
A. Zelli ◽  
L. Mallia ◽  
C. Grano ◽  
C. Violani

Author(s):  
А.Б. Салтыков ◽  
С.В. Грачев

Редукционистский подход в медицине рассматривает живые системы в качестве закрытых (замкнутых) образований, функции которых полностью детерминированы свойствами соответствующих материальных компонентов. Каждое нарушение функции объясняется предшествующими изменениями структур, реализующих эту функцию. Из этого следует, что любая патология структурно-функциональна по своей сути, а понятие «функциональные заболевания» - принципиально ошибочно из-за искажения причинно-следственных отношений. По мере прогресса медицины ожидается открытие собственно первичных структурных маркеров «функциональных» заболеваний, что будет иметь решающее значение для их ранней диагностики и патогенетического лечения (ориентированного прежде всего, на устранение первичного звена расстройств). Вместе с тем, в медицине существует более общий холистический (функционально ориентированный) подход, формирующий иной стереотип клинического мышления. В этих рамках любая патология объясняется недостаточностью адаптивных функций организма в изменившихся условиях существования. Обычно сложный характер функциональных взаимодействий делает невозможным их описание на основе текущих характеристик материальных компонентов системы, особенно при воздействии на организм внешних патогенных факторов. Именно внешние воздействия способны инициировать первичный дефицит адаптивных механизмов с заведомо вторичными структурными изменениями, что позволяет перестать рассматривать «функциональные болезни» как принципиально ошибочное понятие. Первичный дефицит функций наиболее нагляден при информационной патологии, идеальная природа которой не сводится к соответствующим материальным носителям. Все это ставит под сомнение возможность обнаружения собственно первичных структурных маркеров некоторых заболеваний, особенно если в их основе лежит информационная патология (невроз, нервная анорексия, психическая аменорея, морская болезнь, некоторые формы фантомных болей и др.). Reductionist approach in medicine considers living systems as closed (closed) formations whose functions are completely determined by the properties of the corresponding material components. Each disturbance of the function is explained by previous changes in the structures that realize this function. From this it follows that any pathology is structurally functional in its essence, and the concept of «functional diseases» is fundamentally erroneous because of the distortion of cause-effect relationships. As medicine progresses, the actual primary structural markers of «functional» diseases are expected to be discovered, which will be crucial for their early diagnosis and pathogenetic treatment (primarily aimed at eliminating the primary link of disorders). At the same time, in medicine there is a more general holistic (functionally oriented) approach, forming a different stereotype of clinical thinking. Within this framework, any pathology is due to the lack of adaptive functions of the organism in the changed conditions of existence. Usually the complex nature of functional interactions makes it impossible to describe them on the basis of the current characteristics of the material components of the system, especially when external pathogenic factors influence the organism. It is external actions that can initiate a primary deficit of adaptive mechanisms with known secondary structural changes, which allows us to stop treating «functional diseases» as a fundamentally wrong concept. The primary deficit of functions is most evident in information pathology, the ideal nature of which is not reduced to the corresponding material carriers. All this calls into question the possibility of detecting the primary structural markers of certain diseases, especially if they are based on information pathology (neurosis, anorexia nervosa, mental amenorrhea, seasickness, some forms of phantom pains, etc.).


2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
T. A. Sidorova

The main aim of this research was to identify the features of B. V. Shergin’s cognitive style through comprehension of the artistic image of the sea in the works of this writer. An analysis of this image was conducted from the standpoint of cognitive poetic. Cognitive poetic is considered as the main method of linguopoetic interpretation of a literary text, whose basic principles include analysis of conceptual structures reflected in the text. In the process of research, the concept of “cognitive style” in correlation with the literary text was clarified, The components of cognitive style, objectified by the image of the sea were specified. Since the literary text was interpreted from the position of cognitive poetics, the main attention was paid not only to linguistic, but also to mental structures. Furthermore, the article explores the wellknown structures of knowledge: presuppositions, concepts, motives, ideas, etc., along with semantic dominants and semantic constructs as strong meaning formations, which are determined by the author’s needs, values, world view and world perception. Therefore, the process of text interpretation takes into account the specificity of linguistic and artistic consciousness of the author, including features of the socio-cultural consciousness of Pomors (members of a subculture). The study showed that each component of B. V. Shergin’s cognitive style has its specific characteristics. The manner of presenting information in the text is characterized by a special emotional tension: understandable and close to the people daily life gets an ontological understanding. Among the cognitive mechanisms, the secondary conceptualization of the concepts of Russian Northern culture plays a special role: many of them acquire a sign of spirituality. It is shown that the specifics of the author’s cognitive style is determined by the features of his consciousness; therefore, the knowledge as sententias, semantic dominants, semantic constructs, stereotypes, values and oppositions holds the central position.


2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258
Author(s):  
Hua-Mao PENG ◽  
Da-Hua WANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Libo ZHAO ◽  
Yue ZHANG ◽  
Yiwen YU ◽  
Lifang DENG

Author(s):  
Jose Ramón Alameda-Bailén ◽  
María Pilar Salguero-Alcañiz ◽  
Ana Merchán-Clavellino ◽  
Susana Paíno-Quesada

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