scholarly journals Dietary Carbohydrate Modifies the Inverse Association between Saturated Fat Intake and Cholesterol on Very Low-Density Lipoproteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. LPI.S7659 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Wood ◽  
E.K. Kabagambe ◽  
I.B. Borecki ◽  
H.K. Tiwari ◽  
J.M. Ordovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary saturated fat on fasting triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels, and any mediation of this relationship by dietary carbohydrate intake. Men and women in the NHLBI Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study ( n = 1036, mean age ± SD = 49 ± 16 y) were included. Mixed linear models were run with saturated fat as a predictor variable and fasting TG, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density cholesterol (HDL-C) as separate outcome variables. Subsequent models were run which included dietary carbohydrate as a predictor variable, and an interaction term between saturated fat and carbohydrate. All models controlled for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure and dietary covariates. In models that included only saturated fat as a predictor, saturated fat did not show significant associations with fasting lipids. When carbohydrate intake and an interaction term between carbohydrates and saturated fat intake was included, carbohydrate intake did not associate with lipids, but there was an inverse relationship between saturated fat intake and VLDL-C ( P = 0.01) with a significant interaction ( P = 0.01) between saturated fat and carbohydrate with regard to fasting VLDL-C concentrations. Similar results were observed for fasting TG levels. We conclude that, when controlling for carbohydrate intake, higher saturated fat was associated with lower VLDL-C and TGs. This was not the case at higher intakes of carbohydrate. This has important implications for dietary advice aimed at reducing TG and VLDL-C levels.

scholarly journals Changes in blood lipid concentrations associated with changes in intake of dietary saturated fat in the context of a healthy low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet: a secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia W Shih ◽  
Michelle E Hauser ◽  
Lucia Aronica ◽  
Joseph Rigdon ◽  
Christopher D Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Weight Loss Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor low-carbohydrate diets, a public health approach has focused on the replacement of carbohydrates with unsaturated fats. However, little research exists on the impacts of saturated fat intake on the lipid profile in the context of whole-food-based low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this secondary analysis of the DIETFITS weight loss trial was to evaluate the associations between changes in percentage of dietary saturated fatty acid intake (%SFA) and changes in low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and triglyceride concentrations for those following a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet. The secondary aim was to examine these associations specifically for HLC dieters who had the highest 12-month increases in %SFA.MethodsIn the DIETFITS trial, 609 generally healthy adults, aged 18–50 years, with body mass indices of 28–40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a healthy low-fat (HLF) or HLC diet for 12 months. In this analysis, linear regression, both without and with adjustment for potential confounders, was used to measure the association between 12-month change in %SFA and blood lipids in 208 HLC participants with complete diet and blood lipid data.ResultsParticipants consumed an average of 12–18% of calories from SFA. An increase of %SFA, without significant changes in absolute saturated fat intake, over 12 months was associated with a statistically significant decrease in triglycerides in the context of a weight-loss study in which participants simultaneously decreased carbohydrate intake. The association between increase in %SFA and decrease in triglycerides was no longer significant when adjusting for 12-month change in carbohydrate intake, suggesting carbohydrate intake may be a mediator of this relationship.ConclusionsThose on a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet who increase their percentage intake of dietary saturated fat may improve their overall lipid profile provided they focus on a high-quality diet and lower their intakes of both calories and refined carbohydrates. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01826591.

Association of carbohydrate and saturated fat intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in Australian women

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319654
Author(s):  
Sarah Gribbin ◽  
Joanne Enticott ◽  
Allison M Hodge ◽  
Lisa Moran ◽  
Eleanor Thong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

BackgroundConflicting evidence surrounds the effect of dietary macronutrient intake (fat, carbohydrate and protein) on cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in women.MethodsWomen (aged 50–55 years) were recruited into the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Women were divided into quintiles according to their carbohydrate and saturated fat intake as a percentage of total energy intake (TEI). The primary endpoint was new-onset CVD (heart disease/stroke). Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, incident hypertension, obesity and/or diabetes mellitus. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed for associations with the primary and secondary endpoints, with adjustment for confounders.ResultsA total of 9899 women (mean age 52.5±1.5 years) were followed for 15 years, with 1199 incident CVD and 470 deaths. On multivariable analysis, higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower CVD risk (ptrend<0.01), with the lowest CVD risk for quintile 3 (41.0%–44.3% energy as carbohydrate) versus quintile 1 (<37.1% energy as carbohydrate) (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.91, p=0.02). There was no significant association between carbohydrate intake and mortality (ptrend=0.69) or between saturated fat intake and CVD (ptrend=0.29) or mortality (ptrend=0.25). Both increasing saturated fat and carbohydrate intake were significantly inversely associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity (ptrend<0.01 for all).ConclusionsIn middle-aged Australian women, moderate carbohydrate intake (41.0%–44.3% of TEI) was associated with the lowest risk of CVD, without an effect on total mortality. Increasing saturated fat intake was not associated with CVD or mortality and instead correlated with lower rates of diabetes, hypertension and obesity.

scholarly journals Change in dietary saturated fat intake is correlated with change in mass of large low-density-lipoprotein particles in men

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Dreon ◽  
H A Fernstrom ◽  
H Campos ◽  
P Blanche ◽  
P T Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

scholarly journals Tidak ada korelasi antara asupan karbohidrat sederhana, lemak jenuh, dan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi pada remaja dengan kegemukan dan obesitas

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Olivia Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake ◽  
Simple Carbohydrate

Remaja yang memiliki status gizi kegemukan dan obesitas memiliki resiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami obesitas di usia dewasa. Asupan karbohidrat sederhana dan lemak jenuh yang tinggi serta aktivitas fisik yang rendah merupakan beberapa faktor yang sering disebut sebagai penyebab terjadinya kegemukan dan obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan tujuan untuk menguji korelasi asupan karbohidrat sederhana, lemak jenuh dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi pada remaja yang memiliki status gizi gemuk atau obesitas. Sebanyak 69 orang siswa/i di SMA 3 kota Malang yang berusia 15-17 tahun dan berstatus gizi gemuk atau obesitas menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini. Asupan karbohidrat sederhana dan lemak jenuh diukur menggunakan form Semi Qualitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) dan Aktivitas fisik melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan form Physical Activity Questionaire for Adolescent (PAQ-A). Uji statistik Gamma and Somers’d dengan SPSS 16 digunakan untuk menguji korelasi antar variabel. Ditemukan bahwa status gizi tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan karbohidrat sederhana (p =0,873), asupan lemak jenuh (p=0,343), dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,487). Identifikasi faktor lain pada remaja yang kemungkinan berpengaruh seperti tingkat pengetahuan gizi, durasi waktu tidur, waktu menstruasi pertamakali, tingkat ekonomi keluarga, diperlukan untuk menganalisis faktor resiko yang lebih berhubungan dengan kejadian kegemukan dan obesitas pada remaja.Kata Kunci:  Karbohidrat sederhana, lemak jenuh, aktivitas fisik, obesitasAdolescents with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for obesity in adulthood. Simple carbohydrate intake, high saturated fat intake, and low physical activity are some factors that are often referred to as the cause of overweight and obesity. This study is a cross-sectional research design with the aim to identify the correlation of simple carbohydrate intake, saturated fat and physical activity with nutritional status in overweight and obesity adolescents. Sixty-nine students in SMA 3 Malang city aged 15-17 years were involved in this study. Simple carbohydrate and saturated fat intake were measured using Semi-Qualitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) form and Physical Activity through interview using Physical Activity Questionaire for Adolescent (PAQ-A) form. Gamma and Somers'd statistical test with SPSS 16 were used to test the correlation. Nutritional status did not correlate significantly with simple carbohydrates (p = 0.873), saturated fat intake (p = 0.343), and physical activity (p = 0.487). Identification of other factors in adolescents that may be influential such as the level of nutritional knowledge, sleep duration, first-time menstruation, family economic level, is needed to analyze risk factors more related to overweight and obesity in adolescents.Keywords: Simple carbohydrate, saturated fat, physical activity, obesity

Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ruan ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Xiaofei Guo ◽  
Kelei Li ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

Background: Epidemiological studies showed that dietary fat intake is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia risk, however, the association remain inconsistent. This metaanalysis aimed to systematically examine the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Methods: We have systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 1st 2017. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported on the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest category were pooled by using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 8630 participants and 633 cases from four independent prospective cohort studies were included in the present meta-analysis. A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia (RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively. Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31). However, there was no significant association found between dietary intake of total, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fat and AD or dementia risk. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides significant evidence of positive association between higher saturated fat intake and AD and dementia risk.

Adolescents eating diets rich in either lean beef or lean poultry and fish reduced fat and saturated fat intake and those eating beef maintained serum ferritin status

2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Snetselaar ◽  
Phyllis Stumbo ◽  
Catherine Chenard ◽  
Lois Ahrens ◽  
Karen Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake
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