Phenotypic study of body condition scores in Canadian dairy cattle
The objective of this study was to characterize body condition score (BCS) in dairy cattle recorded under commercial conditions in Quebec. There were 354 958 BCS records from Holstein cows and 15 334 records from Ayrshire cows available, from first to fifth parity, recorded by producers using a scale of 1 to 5. A classification model was fitted including fixed effects of herd, year of calving, month of calving, age at calving, and days in milk (DIM); another model substituted the Wilmink function on days in milk to model lactational BCS curves. Both models used the spatial power covariance structure to account for correlation between BCS recorded on the same cow along the lactation and were fitted using the Mixed procedure of SAS software (version 9.1.3). Body condition score was significantly affected by month of calving, age at calving and DIM. Average BCS (SD) for Holstein cows from first to fifth lactation were: 2.95 (0.46), 2.90 (0.53), 2.93 (0.56), 2.94 (0.57), and 2.93 (0.57), respectively; the estimates for Ayrshire cows from first to fifth lactation were: 2.99 (0.47), 3.06 (0.54), 3.15 (0.56), 3.11 (0.57), 3.13 (0.58). Lactation curves for BCS were generated for each breed and parity. The routine collection of BCS in individual cows is recommended to ensure close monitoring of energy balance during the lactation. The BCS information analyzed in this study is suitable for modeling changes throughout the lactation with the application of the Wilmink function. Key words: Body condition score, Canadian dairy cattle