Effect of corn particle size and soybean meal treatment on performance of finishing beef steers fed corn-silage-based diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Ouellet ◽  
L. Faucitano ◽  
D. Pellerin ◽  
M. D’Amours ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Urea

In the first experiment, 39 medium-frame beef steers (456 ± 41 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies to maximize energy and protein deposition on finishing performance and plasma amino acid profile of beef steers fed corn silage ad libitum for 99 d. To achieve this goal, steers were individually supplemented with either 6.6 kg DM d-1 of cracked corn (CC) or ground corn (GC) in combination with 540 g DM d-1 of either solvent extracted (SS) or lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (Soypass® SP). Dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio were not affected by treatments or by their interaction (P > 0.10). When compared with SS, SP tended to increase (P = 0.07) grade fat (1.3 and 2.2 ± 0.5 mm, respectively). The CC diets reduced the plasma concentration of branched-chained amino acids (P = 0.03) and leucine (P = 0.01), and tended to decrease that of isoleucine (P = 0.06) compared with the GC diets. No effect of diet was observed on plasma urea-N concentration. In the second experiment, four steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate digestibility and N balance of the diets used in exp. 1. Reducing particle size of corn increased apparent digestibility of starch (P = 0.01) and tended to reduce apparent digestibility of NDF (P = 0.07). In conclusion, formulating diets with ground or cracked corn in combination with solvent extracted or lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal does not appear to influence steer performance or digestion parameters.

scholarly journals Feeding strategies for improving productivity of growing steers fed grass silage

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
D. R. Ouellet ◽  
L. Faucitano ◽  
D. Pellerin ◽  
M. D’Amours ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ground Corn

Two experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between corn particle size and soybean meal treatment on growth, diet digestibility, and nitrogen balance of growing steers. In the first experiment, 40 medium-frame beef steers (250 ± 11 kg) were fed individually for 140 d a diet based on grass silage offered for ad libitum consumption and supplemented with either 3.5 kg of DM d-1 of cracked corn (CC) or ground corn (GC) and with 450 g of DM d-1 of solvent extracted (SS) or lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (Soypass™ SP). Dry matter intake was not affected by treatments and averaged 8.6 ± 0.3 kg d-1 (P > 0.10). Average daily gain was higher for animals receiving the ground corn than those fed cracked corn. Feed to gain ratio was not affected by treatments. There was an interaction between treatments for plasma urea-N concentration, with source of soybean meal having no effect with CC. When compared with SS, SP supplement reduced plasma urea-N when fed with GC. No effect of soybean meal and its interaction with corn processing was observed on growth performance. In the second experiment four additional steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate diet digestibility and nitrogen balance. There was an interaction between treatments for starch apparent digestibility and N retained, the values being respectively, 90, 86, 93, and 92% (SEM = 1.2; P < 0.01) and 36, 42, 44 and 41 g d-1 (SEM = 2.8; P < 0.03) for CCSS, CCSP, GCSS and GCSP, respectively. Altogether, the results indicate a slight advantage to reduce particle size of corn in growing steers fed grass silage. However, soybean meal treatment resulted in limited effects on growth and digestion. Key words: Rumen carbohydrate, undegradable protein, performance, steers

A 'protein bank' of Lotus uliginosus cv. Maku as an alternative to conventional protein supplements for weaned lambs grazing on natural pastures during summer and autumn

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
L. Piaggio ◽  
M. de J. Marichal ◽  
A. Pastorín
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Lotus Uliginosus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of restricted grazing of an improved natural pasture as an alternative to conventional protein supplements for weaned lambs grazing natural pastures during summer–autumn. Two natural pastures that differed in dry matter allowances were used as basal diets. Sixty Corriedale lambs, 3 months old, were divided into 10 homogeneous groups. For each natural pasture, one group of lambs was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments (at 10 lambs/ha): continuous grazing (control); control + protein block (150 g/lamb. day); control + soybean meal (100 g/lamb. day); control + supplemental protein obtained from grazing for 3 h/day a natural pasture improved with Lotus uliginosus cv. Maku; or same as previous, except that grazing was allowed 1 in 3 days. Performance results (final bodyweight, average daily gain, and difference between initial and final body scores) were analysed as a completely randomised block design with subsampling. Lambs grazing 3 h/day or 1 in 3 days on improved pasture or supplemented with soybean meal showed better (P < 0.05) performance than non-supplemented lambs. Lambs consuming the protein block performed similarly (P > 0.05) to control lambs. The experiment demonstrated that feeding strategies using controlled grazing of natural pastures improved with lotus Maku or soybean meal supplementation are effective to achieve target growth rates of weaned lambs grazing natural pastures in summer–autumn.

scholarly journals Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass at two pasture allowances

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046
Author(s):  
M.F. Miguel ◽  
R. Delagarde ◽  
H.M.N. Ribeiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Strip Grazing

ABSTRACT Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare two supplementation levels (0 and 4kg dry matter [DM]/day of a 7:1 mixture of corn silage and soybean meal) in dairy cows strip-grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at two pasture allowances (PA, low= 25 and high = 40kg DM/d at ground level). The study was carried out according to an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design, using 12 cows and three experimental periods of 12 days. The green leaves allowances were only 4.9 and 8.5kg DM/d at the low and high PA, respectively. The total DM intake and milk production increased in supplemented cows compared to un-supplemented cows at the low PA, but were similar between supplementation levels at the high PA. The PI was unaffected by the PA, whereas the substitution rate was 0.68 in cows at the low PA and 1.35 in cows at the high PA. Corn silage supplementation may improve the total DM intake and milk production of dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures, but only at a low PA.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility, and performance of steers fed diets based on two corn silage hybrids and two concentrate levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.M. Chizzotti ◽  
O.G. Pereira ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
L.O. Tedeschi ◽  
K.G. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial involving a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate two corn silage hybrids (Agromen, AGN35-A42) and (Bayer, A3663) and concentrate levels (25 and 50%) on animal performance. Twenty-four Holstein x Zebu crossbred steers, averaging 335±30kg of BW, were distributed in six randomized blocks to evaluate intake, digestibility, and performance. Treatments consisted of 75% corn silage A + 25% concentrate, 50% corn silage A + 50% concentrate, 75% corn silage B + 25% concentrate, and 50% corn silage B + 50% concentrate (dry matter basis); formulated to be isonitrogenous (13% crude protein, dry matter basis). There were no differences in the daily intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein. Additionally, there was a concentrate effect on non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, and on total apparent digestibility of DM and OM, with higher intakes for steers fed diets with 50% of concentrate. However, average daily gain (ADG) was not influenced by treatments. The utilization of both corn silage hybrids in association with 25% of concentrate is a good option to feed crossbred steers with ADG close to 1.0kg in order to reduce diet cost.

scholarly journals PSV-15 Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 199-200
Author(s):  
Carly Rundle ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Characteristics

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine effects of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. A total of 160 pigs (6.33 ± 0.61 kg) were allotted to 4 corn-soybean meal-based treatments, with 4 pigs per pen and 10 replicate pens per treatment. A 3-phase feeding program was used with d 0 to 8 as phase 1, d 8 to 21 as phase 2, and d 21 to 34 as phase 3. Within each phase, the 4 diets were identical except for the inclusion of IQ in the feed: 0, 90, 180, or 360 mg IQ/kg complete feed. Pig weights and the feed left in the feeders were recorded on the last d of each phase to calculate average daily gain and average gain:feed ratio. A blood sample was collected from 1 pig per pen on d 8, 21, and 34. Data were analyzed by linear and quadratic contrasts using the Proc MIXED of SAS with coefficients for unequally spaced treatments being generated from Proc IML. Results indicated that there were no differences among treatments in growth performance over the entire experimental period (Table 1). A quadratic increase (P < 0.05) of total protein in plasma was observed in phase 1, with the highest value in plasma of pigs fed the 180 mg/kg IQ diet, and there was a tendency for plasma urea N to increase in phases 2 and 3 (linear; P = 0.07) if IQ was added to the diet. In conclusion, although IQ supplementation did not effect overall growth performance, results indicate that absorption of amino acids was likely improved by inclusion of IQ in the diets as evidenced by the increased plasma urea nitrogen and increased total protein in plasma.

scholarly journals Effects of utilizing cotton byproducts in a finishing diet on beef cattle performance, carcass traits, fecal characteristics, and plasma metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Warner ◽  
Paul A Beck ◽  
Andrew P Foote ◽  
Kaitlyn N Pierce ◽  
Colton A Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Abstract Increased cotton production in the Southwestern United States has increased the availability of cotton byproducts for use in cattle diets. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the inclusion of cotton byproducts in feedlot finishing diets on the performance, carcass traits, fecal characteristics, and plasma metabolites of steers. Crossbred beef steers (n = 64; BW = 318 ± 12.3 kg) were assigned to 1 of 2 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (8 pens per treatment; 4 steers per pen). Treatments included a control (CON) diet, which included prairie hay, Sweet Bran, rolled corn, and a corn steep and molasses-based liquid fat supplement, and a cotton byproduct (CTN) diet, which included cotton gin trash, whole cottonseed, rolled corn, and water. Both diets contained urea and dry supplement. Over the entire feeding period, DMI (P = 0.04) was greater for CTN steers than CON steers with no difference in the gain to feed ratio (P = 0.86) between treatments. The CTN steers tended to have heavier final BW (P = 0.09) and greater overall average daily gain (P = 0.08). The CTN steers had heavier hot carcass weight (P = 0.02) and greater fat thickness (P = 0.03) than CON steers, but marbling score and rib eye area were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.64). Steers fed the CON diet tended to have a lower yield grade (P = 0.07), less kidney, pelvic and heart fat (P = 0.09), and decreased dressing percentage (P = 0.10) than CTN steers. Liver scores did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) between treatments. Fecal consistency scores were decreased for CTN steers on day 56 (P = 0.03) and fecal pH tended to be greater for the CTN steers on day 28 (P = 0.09) compared with CON steers, but neither differed during other periods (P ≥ 0.18). A treatment × day interaction (P = 0.04) was detected for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations, where PUN concentrations differed between treatments only on days 28 and 56. On both days 28 and 56, CTN steers had lower PUN concentrations (P = 0.03, P = 0.002, respectively). No treatment × day interaction was detected for plasma glucose or lactate concentrations. A day effect was observed for both metabolites (P &lt; 0.01). Results from this experiment suggest that cotton byproducts can be effectively used as a source of fiber, fat, and protein in feedlot rations without adverse effects on performance or carcass characteristics.

253 Impact of Corn Hybrid Selection for Fiber and Starch Traits on in Vivo Nutrient Digestion in Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Jiehua Xiong ◽  
Mitch Norman ◽  
Hannah Wilson ◽  
Caleb Crabtree ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Abstract Evaluation of corn silage digestibility is normally done using laboratory techniques to predict the performance if fed to cattle, which may or may not predict actual performance when fed to cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate two Masters Choice corn silage hybrids previously selected for improved fiber and starch digestion on nutrient intake and digestion in cattle. In a 126-day digestion study, six ruminally fistulated beef steers were utilized in a 3×6 Latin rectangle design with three dietary treatments and six periods (21 days in length with 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of collection). Diets consisted of 80% corn silage (dry matter basis) of Masters Choice hybrid MCT6365 RIB (MC1; selected for greater fiber and starch digestion) and MCT6733 GT3000 (MC2; older hybrid selected for greater fiber digestion) and were compared to a conventional corn hybrid (CON; commonly grown in Eastern Nebraska). The remainder of the diet included 15% modified distillers grains plus solubles and 5% supplement. Corn silage hybrid did not impact dry matter or organic matter (OM) intake (P ≥ 0.68), but hybrid treatment impacted OM, starch, and energy digestibility (P &lt; 0.02). Steers fed MC1 corn silage had greater (P &lt; 0.01) total tract OM and energy digestibility, as well as digestible energy (DE, P = 0.02) content of the diet when compared to MC2, with steers fed CON being intermediate (P ≥ 0.09). Feeding MC1 also resulted in greater (P = 0.03) total tract starch digestibility than MC2, with no difference (P = 0.12) when compared to CON. Results indicated that feeding MC1 corn silage improved digestion and energy availability to the steers, which allowed for greater average daily gain and improved feed efficiency observed in the corresponding growing trial, while the opposite was true for MC2.

EFFECT OF CHOLINE IN ALL-CONCENTRATE DIETS OF FEEDLOT STEERS AND ON RUMINAL ACIDOSIS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. RUMSEY
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Made In

Four trials with beef steers were conducted to determine if choline supplementation of an all-concentrate diet improved performance and affected ruminal lactic acidosis. Trial 1 was a preliminary feeding trial with 12 individually fed steers averaging 356 kg initial body weight. Trials 2 and 3 were feedlot trials with 64 and 80 steers averaging 359 and 320 kg initial body weights, respectively. Trial 4 was an intensive trial with three ruminal-fistulated steers in a 3 × 3 Latin square design in which subacute ruminal acidosis was produced. Choline supplementation neither consistently affected feedlot performance and carcass merit measurements in the feeding trials, nor consistently affected end products of ruminal fermentation. Choline appeared to reduce total plasma amino acids and increase plasma urea (measurements made in Trials 2 and 3) and reduce serum glucose, triglycerides and glutamic pyruvic transaminase while increasing serum total lipids and cholesterol (measurements made in Trial 3). Choline did not affect ruminal volatile fatty acid, pH, ammonia and lactic acid isomer changes associated with subacute lactic acidosis. The results indicate that the levels of choline supplementation of an all-concentrate diet for beef steers used in this study did not affect ruminal acidosis and did not improve performance of feedlot steers. Key words: Choline, acidosis, lactic acid, rumen, steer, beef cattle

scholarly journals 292 Altering the particle size of supplemental zeolite (clinoptilolite): Effects on nitrogen utilization and nutrient digestibility in backgrounding cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
Caitlin Klaeui ◽  
Mario de Haro Martí ◽  
Mireille Chahine ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
D 20

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding supplemental clinoptilolite with a particle size of either 30 microns or 400 microns (US 40 mesh) on measures of nitrogen (N) utilization and nutrient digestibility in backgrounding cattle. Six ruminally cannulated beef heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods. The dietary treatments were: 1) a basal forage-based backgrounding TMR with no supplement (CON), 2) CON + 30-micron clinoptilolite (CL-30), and 3) CON + 400-micron clinoptilolite (CL-400). Clinoptilolite was top-dressed (2.5% of diet DM) during morning feeding (1100 h). Ruminal fluid (d 19 at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 h post-feeding), spot urine and grab fecal (d 19 at 1400 and 1900; d 20 at 0300, 0700, 1500, and 2300 h; d 21 at 0500 and 1100 h), and blood samples (d 21 at 3 h post-feeding) were collected and analyzed for nutrients and metabolites. There was no diet effect (P = 0.50) on ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) and plasma urea-N (PUN) concentrations. Similarly, urine N and urea-N (UUN), and fecal N excretion did not differ (P ≥ 0.28) across diets. There was no diet effect (P ≥ 0.11) on dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake, and apparent total tract DM, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. However, although it did not differ for the CL-400 compared to CON and CL-30 heifers, apparent total tract OM digestibility was greater for CL-30 than CON heifers. In summary, although feeding supplemental clinoptilolite with a particle size of either 30- or 400-microns to beef heifers did not enhance N utilization, apparent total tract OM digestibility was greater for heifers fed supplemental 30-micron but not 400-micron clinoptilolite compared to the CON diet.

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