RESPONSE OF EARLY WEANED PIGS TO DIETS OF DIFFERENT DIGESTIBLE ENERGY CONCENTRATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF CEREAL SOURCE AND ADDED MOLASSES ON PERFORMANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. O’GRADY ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Very High

One hundred and sixty pigs weaned at 2 weeks were allotted at an average initial weight of 3.8 kg to two experiments to examine the effects of diets based on barley or wheat as the cereal component and having digestible energy (DE) concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 3.6 Mcal/kg. Protein was in constant ratio to DE (15.2 kcal DE/g protein). Very high mortality was experienced on the lower energy levels, although the inclusion of 5% molasses in the formulation reduced mortality. Among surviving pigs, growth rate was significantly reduced at lower energy concentrations. The optimum DE level for maximum gain was 3.2 Mcal in the first experiment and 3.4 Mcal/kg in the second. The efficiency of utilization of DE for growth was best at a DE concentration of 3.2 Mcal/kg in the first experiment but did not vary in the second. Digestibility of dietary protein increased with increasing dietary DE but nitrogen (N) retention as percentage of N intake or of digestible N was not significantly influenced by DE in the diet.

A note on the response of pigs weaned at 28 days to dietary protein

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTThirty-six piglets were used to investigate the effect of six concentrations of dietary protein ranging from 155 to 235 g/kg, and corresponding dietary lysine concentrations from 10·1 to 15·4 g/kg, on the performance of pigs weaned at 28 days of age and growing between 7·5 and 20 kg live weight. Voluntary food intake was not significantly affected by dietary protein, and growth rate increased with increase in dietary protein and lysine up to 167 and 10·9 g/kg respectively (0·75 g lysine per MJ digestible energy (DE)). Food: gain ratio improved significantly with each increase in dietary protein and lysine up to 177 and 11·6 g/kg (0·79 g lysine per MJ DE) respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in the activity of skeletal muscle calcium-activated neutral proteinase (EC 3. 4. 22. 17) and its specific inhibitor in chickens grown at different rates in response to graded levels of dietary protein

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ballard ◽  
R. G. Bardsley ◽  
P. J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Neutral Proteinase ◽  
Muscle Calcium

1. Two experiments are reported in which the effect of alteration in growth rate on the levels of avian skeletal muscle calcium-activated neutral proteinase (EC 3.4.22. 17) (CANP or calpain) and its specific inhibitor (calpastatin), a system thought to be implicated in myofibrillar catabolism, was studied by means of manipulation of dietary protein concentration.2. In Expt 1 broiler chicks were given free access to diets containing 105, 149, 197 and 212 g protein/kg for 20 d. In Expt 2 the four dietary treatments were 119, 141, 182 and 227 g protein/kg diet given for 16 d. Chick growth rate and total leg skeletal muscle weight significantly increased (P < 0·001) with increasing dietary protein concentration in both experiments. Total skeletal muscle protein increased with the level of dietary protein, the effect being significant (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 in Expts 1 and 2 respectively).3. Minced leg muscle was homogenized in low-salt buffers, and the extract chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose to separate proteinase and inhibitor activity. The partially purified CANP enzyme and inhibitor proteins were present at a concentration broadly consistent with literature reports, and their elution characteristics and Ca2+ concentration dependence were not varied by dietary protein concentration.4. Both the muscle CANP and CANP inhibitor activities (units/kg muscle) exhibited upward trends with growth rate and increased muscle weight. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0·05) and were not present at all when the results were expressed as units/g muscle protein.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on the Growth Rate, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Chicks

1962 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru YOSHIDA ◽  
Sadanobu HIZIKURO ◽  
Hiroshi HOSHII ◽  
Hiroshi MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Composition

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Rate and Body Fat of Broilers

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILLIP H. HARGIS ◽  
C.R. CREGER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Energy Levels

The relative protein and energy requirements of boars, gilts and barrows

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Taverner ◽  
RG Campbell ◽  
RH King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Two experiments were conducted to study the response of boars, gilts and barrows to increasing levels of dietary crude protein and digestible energy. In the first experiment boars, gilts and barrows were fed diets ranging in crude protein from 14.6 to 22.7 per cent in restrictive amounts between 20 and 70 kg liveweight. Growth rate and food conversion efficiency measurements ranked the sexes in order of superiority as boars, gilts and barrows. Boars contained more lean in their hams than gilts or barrows and had lower back fat measurements than barrows. Although analysis of variance indicated there was no significant sex by protein interaction, the multiple regression equations of growth rate and the proportion of lean in the ham for the three sexes were significantly different from one another. The response curves based on the regression equations indicated that for optimum growth, boars and gilts required 19.6 per cent crude protein whereas barrows required only 18.4 per cent crude protein. The proportion of lean in the ham was maximized with 21 per cent crude protein for boars and 20 per cent crude protein for the gilts and barrows. There was a significant quadratic relationship between economic returns and dietary protein. The relationship was the same for boars and gilts and significantly different from that for barrows; returns were maximized at approximately the same protein level as growth rate for the three sexes. In the second experiment, 30 boars and 30 gilts were allocated to 30 treatment groups involving the two sexes, three levels of digestible energy (14.59, 15.51 and 16.22 MJ kg-1) and five levels of crude protein (18.2, 19.4, 20.6, 21.8 and 23.0 per cent). All diets were fed restrictively and pig performance was compared over the liveweight range 20 to 80 kg. Boars grew significantly faster, had a significantly lower food conversion ratio and produced leaner carcases than gilts. Increasing the DE level of the diet improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency but reduced carcase quality. Dietary protein level had no effect on any performance or carcase quality measurement.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on the Growth Rate, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Chicks

1962 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 640-647
Author(s):  
Minoru Yoshida ◽  
Sadanobu Hizikuro ◽  
Hiroshi Hoshii ◽  
Hiroshi Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Composition

scholarly journals The Application of Electromagnetic Sensors for Determination of Cherenkov Cone Inside and in the Vicinity of the Detector Volume in Any Environment Known

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Valeriu Savu ◽  
Mădălin Ion Rusu ◽  
Dan Savastru
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Cherenkov Detector ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Information Errors ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Large Frequency ◽  
Very High ◽  
Detector Volume

The neutrinos of cosmic radiation, due to interaction with any known medium in which the Cherenkov detector is used, produce energy radiation phenomena in the form of a Cherenkov cone, in very large frequency spectrum. These neutrinos carry with them the information about the phenomena that produced them and by detecting the electromagnetic energies generated by the Cherenkov cone, we can find information about the phenomena that formed in the universe, at a much greater distance, than possibility of actually detection with current technologies. At present, a very high number of sensors for detection electromagnetic energy is required. Thus, some sensors may detect very low energy levels, which can lead to the erroneous determination of the Cherenkov cone, thus leading to information errors. As a novelty, we propose, to use these sensors for determination of the dielectrically permittivity of any known medium in which the Cherenkov detector is used, by preliminary measurements, the subsequent simulation of the data and the reconstruction of the Cherenkov cone, leading to a significant reduction of problems and minimizing the number of sensors, implicitly the cost reductions. At the same time, we offer the possibility of reconstructing the Cherenkov cone outside the detector volume.

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