COMPARISONS OF CROSSBRED CALVES BY SOUTH DEVON, MAINE- ANJOU AND SIMMENTAL SIRES FOR SOME BEEF PRODUCTION TRAITS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
B. SCHRADER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

Breed of sire comparisons are made amongst calves born to commercial Hereford cows and sired by bulls of the South Devon (SD, 10 bulls used), Maine-Anjou (MA, two bulls used) and Simmental (SIM, eight bulls used) breeds. Numbers of observations ranged from 239 bulls and 224 heifers for "ease of birth" to 98 bulls for carcass traits. The feedlot test period was 91 days and three feedlot treatments were imposed. Slaughter criteria were subjective and "breed-of-sire" differences in slaughter age and carcass weight were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Differences amongst breed-of-sire means attained statistical significance for "birth weight" (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001), weaning weight of males (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001), "on-test" weight (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001), average daily gain on test (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001) average fat depth/100 kg carcass weight (SD > MA = SIM, P < 0.05), trimmed, de-boned, defatted primal cuts per day of age (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.01), meat marbling score (SD more marbled than SIM more marbled than MA; P <.05). A significant interaction existed between breed of sire and feeding group for average daily gain on test (P < 0.01) and cutability (P < 0.025). Breed-of-sire differences did not attain statistical significance for weaning weight of female calves, loin area/100 kg carcass weight, cut-ability, or meat color score.

scholarly journals Detecting effective starting point of genomic selection by divergent trends from BLUP and ssGBLUP in pigs, beef cattle, and broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostam Abdollahi Arpanahi ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Ignacy Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Trends

Genomic selection has been adopted nationally and internationally in different livestock and plant species. However, understanding whether genomic selection has been effective or not is an essential question for both industry and academia. Once genomic evaluation started being used, estimation of breeding values with pedigree BLUP became biased because this method does not consider selection using genomic information. Hence, the effective start point of genomic selection can be detected in two possible ways including the divergence of genetic trends and Realized Mendelian sampling (RMS) trends obtained with BLUP and Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). This study aimed to find the start date of genomic selection for a set of economically important traits in three livestock species by comparing trends obtained using BLUP and ssGBLUP. For this purpose, three datasets comprised a pig dataset with 117k genotypes and 1.3M animals in pedigree, Angus cattle dataset consisted of ~842k genotypes and 11.5M animals in pedigree, and a purebred broiler chicken dataset included ~154k genotypes and 1.3M birds in pedigree were used. The genetic trends for pigs diverged for the genotyped animals born in 2014 for average daily gain and backfat. In beef cattle, the trends started diverging in 2009 for weaning weight and in 2016 for postweaning gain, with little diverging for birth weight. In broiler chickens, the genetic trends estimated by ssGBLUP and BLUP diverged at breeding cycle 6 for two out of three production traits. The RMS trends for the genotyped pigs diverged for animals born in 2014, more for average daily gain than for backfat. In beef cattle, the RMS trends started diverging in 2009 for weaning weight and in 2016 for postweaning gain, with a trivial trend for birth weight. In broiler chickens, the RMS trends from ssGBLUP and BLUP diverged strongly for two production traits at breeding cycle 6, with a slight divergence for another trait. Divergence of the genetic trends from ssGBLUP and BLUP indicates onset of the genomic selection. Presence of trends for RMS indicates selective genotyping, with or without the genomic selection. The onset of genomic selection and genotyping strategies agree with industry practices across the 3 species. In summary, the effective start of genomic selection can be detected by the divergence between genetic and RMS trends from BLUP and ssGBLUP.

The effect of breed of terminal sire on production of beef steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. A. Petracek ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
C. L. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Daily Gain

Charolais (C), Maine-Anjou (MA), Simmental (S) and Brown Swiss (SB) bulls were evaluated using production traits of their steer calves from birth to slaughter. Traits measured were calving ease, birth weight, preweaning average daily gain (ADG), adjusted weaning weight, ADG to slaughter; liveweight at slaughter, days on feed, carcass weight, grade fat, loin-eye area, cutability and dressing percent. For most traits the ranking was MA ≥ C ≥ S ≥ SB. Key words: Beef sire, calving ease, growth, carcass

scholarly journals PSVII-9 Evaluating Performance Trends of the Four Most Represented Breeds of Bulls in the Utah Beef Improvement Performance Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Matthew D Garcia ◽  
Madelyn Kunzler ◽  
Kim Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated changes in performance of bulls enrolled in the Utah Beef Improvement Association’s (UBIA) annual performance tests conducted in accordance with central bull test standards established by the Beef Improvement Federation. Breeds with over 500 bulls enrolled over the period of 2004 to 2018 were included in the evaluation. The breeds with greater than 500 animals evaluated included the Angus, Red Angus, Hereford and Simmental Breeds. Traits evaluated included birth weight, initial weight, a 205-day adjusted weaning weight, final test weight, average daily gain, adjusted yearling weight, and weight per day of age. The mixed model procedure of SAS and interval regression analyses were utilized to evaluate the yearly rate of change for each breed and to determine if that rate of change was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) between the evaluated breeds. When evaluating all breeds represented across years, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed for rate of change when evaluating birth weight and 205-day adjusted weaning weight. However, no differences were observed between breeds with more than 500 animals represented. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) for rate of change were observed when comparing the top four represented breeds, for average daily gain, initial test weight, final test weight, adjusted yearling weight and weight per day of age. Specifically, a declining trend was noted for all breeds when evaluation all significant traits. When evaluating the previously described traits, the Angus breed was significantly different in its rate of decline when compared to the Red Angus and Hereford breeds. The lone increasing trend was observed in the Hereford breed which had a positive increasing trend for initial test weight which was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) from both the Angus and Red Angus breeds but not significantly different from the Simmental breed.

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 1. A comparison of different methods of correcting weaning weight for age of lamb

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
EM Roberts ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight For Age

Several methods of correcting lamb weaning weight for age were compared. Lambs were weighed at birth, at 90 � 1 day of age, when the oldest and when the youngest lamb was 90 days and when the average age of lambs was 90 days. Weights were adjusted to 90 days by the methods of regression, regression pooled within sire groups, average daily gain with and without a standard birth weight and weight per day of age. All the correction methods examined gave similar results and there was no significant difference between methods. The correlations between the actual 90-day weight and the adjusted weights ranged from 0.922 to 0.960 and were highest when the weights taken when the average age of lambs was 90 days were used as the basis for adjustment. All adjusted weights were significantly biased as estimates of actual 90-day weight, but the bias was least for weights when average age was 90 days.

AGE AND WEIGHT AT PUBERTY OF CROSSBRED HEIFERS SIRED BY CHAROLAIS, LIMOUSIN, AND SIMMENTAL BULLS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. SWIERSTRA ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF ◽  
J. H. STRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Visual Observations

Age and weight at first observed estrus (puberty) were studied in 471 crossbred heifers produced by inseminating Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn cows with semen from Charolais, Limousin, and Simmental bulls. Heifers were kept in drylots after weaning and gained an average of 0.68 kg/day. Visual observations and vasectomized bulls fitted with marking harnesses were used for estrous detection. At puberty, the median and mean ages were 336 and 342 days, and the median and mean weights 296 and 305 kg. At puberty, Charolais- and Simmental-sired heifers were about 22 days younger (median age; P < 0.01) than Limousin-sired heifers (324 and 326 vs. 347 days, respectively). Charolais-sired heifers were significantly heavier (median weight) than Limousin- and Simmental-sired heifers (306 vs. 294 and 292 kg, respectively). Heifers from Angus and Hereford dams were about 22 days older (P < 0.01) at puberty than heifers from Shorthorn dams (median 347 and 346 vs. 324 days). Heifers with high preweaning growth rates attained puberty at an earlier age (r = −0.24; P < 0.01). Day of birth within the year had a significant effect on age and weight at puberty; i.e., heifers born early in the calving season were older and heavier at puberty. Weight at puberty was associated with weaning weight (r = 0.61; P < 0.01), birth weight (r = 0.41; P < 0.01), and preweaning average daily gain (r = 0.54; P < 0.01). Calves that were heavy at birth tended to be heavy at weaning, and heavy weaning weights, in turn, were associated with heavy weights at puberty. By 15 mo of age, 99% of all heifers were cycling.

MASS SELECTION FOR POST-WEANING GROWTH IN SWINE. V. CORRELATED RESPONSE OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND PRE-WEANING GROWTH

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-801
Author(s):  
I. GARNETT ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

Female reproductive performance and pre-weaning survival and growth were examined in a population of swine over 11 generations of selection for post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). Three separate breeding groups were used: (1) a Lacombe (L) line selected each generation for ADG, (2) a Yorkshire control (Y) line, and (3) a crossbred Lacombe × Yorkshire group (LY) generated each generation from the L and Y lines. Breeding group differences were evident for litter size, perinatal mortality, pre-weaning mortality, gestation length, birth weight, pre-weaning average daily gain (PreADG) and weaning weight. Selection did not affect number born, number born alive, number weaned or birth weight. When the values for the L line were expressed as a deviation from the control, pre-weaning mortality showed an increase. The increase appeared to be due to a decrease in the control rather than an increase in the L line. Gestation length showed a negative response to selection. As in the case of pre-weaning mortality, the response appeared to be a reflection of the instability of the control line. Genetic gains in PreADG of 0.004 kg/day/generation were realized in both the L line and LY group. Correspondingly, responses of 0.18 and 0.19 kg/generation were realized for weaning weight in the L line and LY group.

THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON PREWEANING GROWTH OF YANKASA SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
E. M. Awemu ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar ◽  
L. N. Nwakalor
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

The accumulated and annual levels of inbreeding and their effects on growth traits of lambs were investigated using data collected over 11 years at the National Animal Production Research Institute Zaria. Inbreeding level averaged 1.313% per year, cumulating to 14.45% over the years. Average individuals inbreeding coefficients of offspring from sires used for more than one breeding period was 0.103% across the inbred individuals and 0.004% over all lambs. Regression coefficients of growth traits (everage values per year) on inbreeding levels by year were – 0.185kg ± 1.820g and -0.391kg for birth weight, preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight, respectively. All regression coefficients indicated that birth weight and weaning weight declined by 0.185kg and 0.391kg, respectively while preweaning average daily gain increased by 1.820g. Conscious efforts to reduce inbreeding level and its effects on growth traits will greatly lead to improved productivity

A note on the association between transferrin types and some productive traits in Iranian sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pasdar ◽  
M. Makarechian ◽  
A. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

SummaryAn investigation was made of the association of transferrin types with birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain from birth to weaning in three breeds of Iranian sheep. Transferrin type was not a significant source of variation in weight.

PRE- AND POST WEANING GROWTH OF CATTALO, HEREFORD, AND 1/4 BRAHMAN–3/4 HEREFORD CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
D. G. KELLER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Hereford calves exceeded cattalo calves (averaging 1/7 bison–6/7 domestic and the product of matings of cattalo bulls of 1/14–3/16 bison to cattalo cows of 1/4–1/2 bison) by 3.8% in birth weight, based on data taken on 654 calves between 1958 and 1964. Hereford (72) and cattalo (164) calves born in 1961–1963 did not differ in average daily gain to weaning or in weaning weight, but Hereford calves exceeded cattalo calves by 15.5 and 4.7% in average daily gain in the feedlot and weight at the end of the 168-day feedlot test. In a comparison of calves born in 1962 and 1963, 32 1/4 Brahman–3/4 Hereford (1/4 Brahman calves were the result of backcrossing Hereford bulls to first-cross Brahman × Hereford cows), 110 cattalo, and 38 Hereford calves did not differ in birth weight; however, 1/4 Brahman calves showed evidence of the superior mothering ability of their dams by surpassing the cattalo by 19.2% and the Herefords by 24.3% in average daily gain to weaning, and excelling them by 17.9 and 14.0% in weaning weight. Hereford calves had 14.1 and 15.9% larger average daily gains in the feedlot and required only 86.6 and 73.2% as much digestible energy (Meal) per kilogram of gain as the cattalo and 1/4 Brahman calves. At the end of the 168-day feedlot test, 1/4 Brahman calves were 7.9% heavier than the cattalo but the 1/4 Brahman and Hereford calves did not differ statistically.

The relationships between pre- and post-weaning growth traits in lambs of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
M. Makarechian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Gain

ABSTRACTThe pre-weaning records (birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning) of 291 male and female lambs and the post-weaning records (body weight, feedlot gain and food conversion) of 136 male lambs were used to study relationships between different traits. The lambs were derived from three fat-tailed Iranian sheep breeds (Karakul, Mehraban and Naeini) and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams. All lambs were weaned at 75 + 5 days of age and the males were fed in a feedlot for 100 days after weaning. Feedlot measurements were taken at 20-day intervals.Weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain showed positive and significant associations with birth weight. Birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning were positively associated with body weight at subsequent ages in feedlot as well as with final weight (P<0·01). Birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain were positively and significantly associated with total feedlot gain.Of the different traits, total gain during the first 20 days in feedlot (adjust period) had the lowest and total gain during the second 20 days had the highest association with total feedlot daily gain. There was no evidence that the heavier lambs at weaning and those showing high growth rate before weaning, were more efficient in the feedlot. Gain during the second 20-day period in the feedlot had a significant negative association with the total food conversion (unit food/unit gain) and therefore was a good predictor for food conversion.When the feedlot period was divided into two 40-day periods, it was found that gain during both had a significant negative association with the corresponding food conversion. A similar association was observed between total feedlot gain and food conversion, indicating that the rate and efficiency of gain improved simultaneously.

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