LOW-GLUCOSINOLATE, LOW-ERUCIC ACID FULL-FAT RAPESEED (CV. TOWER) AS A PROTEIN AND ENERGY SOURCE IN LAMB MILK REPLACERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
L. CRAMPTON ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Daily Gain

Dehulled, low-erucic acid–low-glucosinolate, full-fat rapeseed (FFRS), was studied as a protein source in milk replacers for lambs. Before being incorporated into the milk replacers to provide 25% (FFRS-25) or 50% (FFRS-50) of the total dietary protein, the FFRS was either passed through a colloid mill (milled) or left unmilled. When compared with an all-milk protein diet (FFRS-0), inclusion of the unmilled FFRS decreased the digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy (P < 0.01). Addition of unmilled FFRS to the milk replacer also decreased N retention (P < 0.01), but did not affect average daily gain. Addition of the milled FFRS to the milk replacers resulted in higher digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy and better retention of nitrogen than when the unmilled FFRS was added. However, the colloid-milled FFRS diet still was not as highly digestible as the all-milk diet. Increasing the level of substitution with milled FFRS from 25 to 50% produced a further decrease of about 4 units in the digestion coefficients and of 9 units in the retention of nitrogen expressed as a percent of the intake. Serum cholesterol levels just prior to and 2 h after feeding were not affected by the dietary treatments. Histology of liver biopsy samples taken at 22 days of age and of hearts and livers at market weight showed no detrimental effect on these organs from feeding low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate FFRS to lambs. Based on growth trials it is concluded that low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate FFRS, after colloid milling, can replace from 25 to 50% of the milk protein and most of the fat in lamb milk replacers without significantly affecting animal performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Nanna Byrgesen ◽  
Johannes Gulmann Madsen ◽  
Christina Larsen ◽  
Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen ◽  
Malene Skovsted Cilieborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dietary treatments (liquid creep feed (LCF) and dry creep feed (DCF)) offered during the suckling period on feed disappearance, number of eaters, and intestinal enzymatic development at weaning in an on-farm study with 347 piglets. Piglets were allocated to either the DCF or LCF treatment from day 10 to day 24 postpartum for 9 h a day. Red ferric oxide (1%) was added to the diet to categorize piglets into eating categories (good eaters, moderate eaters, or non-eaters) via faecal swabs. At weaning, 40 piglets were sampled for intestinal enzymatic development. The LCF treatment increased the dry matter disappearance from day 10–18 (p < 0.001). The percentage of good eaters, moderate eaters and non-eaters did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The DCF pigs displayed greater average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning (p = 0.024), and a greater body weight (BW) at day 61 (p < 0.001). The activity of lactase, maltase and sucrase in the proximal part of the small intestine were greatest (p < 0.001) in the DCF pigs.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY AND FEEDLOT CATTLE FED SULFUR DIOXIDE-TREATED HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. GIBSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of feeding sulfur dioxide (SO2)-treated high-moisture barley (HMB) on the performance of lactating dairy cows and feedlot cattle. High-moisture barley was ensiled or treated with 1% (wt/wt) liquid SO2. In exp. 1, 36 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to three treatments for a 6-wk trial. Diets contained 35% rolled barley on a dry matter (DM) basis and differed only in the type of barley fed: dry barley, ensiled HMB or SO2-treated HMB. While no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in DM intake, milk yield, milk composition, milk taste or odour, cows fed SO2-treated HMB tended to have lower milk yield (21.7 kg d−1) than those fed ensiled (22.6 kg d−1) or dry barley (24.6 kg d−1). In experiment 2, 64 steers were allotted to four dietary treatments: (1) dry barley, (2) ensiled HMB, (3) SO2-treated HMB, and (4) SO2-treated HMB plus sodium bicarbonate. All diets contained 85% barley (DM) and were supplemented with thiamin (5.5 mg kg−1 DM). The results of the feedlot trial were confounded by the feeding of spoiled SO2-treated HMB, primarily between days 29 and 57 of the 96-d trial, at approximately 40% of the diet DM. During the period that spoiled SO2-treated grain was being fed, four steers (two from each treatment) developed polioencephalomalacia. Steers fed SO2-treated HMB (diets 3 and 4), had 10.1% lower DM intake (P < 0.01), 31% lower average daily gain and required 32% more DM per kilogram of gain than steers fed diets 1 or 2 (P < 0.001). Feeding SO2-treated HMB to either dairy or feedlot cattle cannot be recommended at the present time. Key words: Sulfur dioxide, preservative, barley, cattle (dairy, beef)

EFFECTS OF FEEDING MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING LOW-ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL ON GROWTH, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, MEAT QUALITY AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TISSUES OF VEAL CALVES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
E. LARMOND ◽  
R. G. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Milk Replacers

Sixteen Holstein bull calves were used during 62–82 days to study the long-term effects of substituting 0, 25, 50 and 75% of the animal fat (tallow) with low-erucic acid rapeseed oil (Span) in milk replacers for veal calves. Growth rates and feed efficiency were affected by the dietary treatments. The highest level of substitution (75%) did not affect the digestibility of the energy or the dry matter, but did decrease average daily gains, feed efficiency and the apparent digestibility of dietary nitrogen (P < 0.05). Nitrogen retention and utilization were not affected by the dietary treatments. The histological analyses of various internal organs did not reveal any treatment effects. The evaluation of carcass quality showed no differences in flavor but there was a non-linear decrease in tenderness of the meat with increasing levels of rapeseed oil in the diets. The 75% level of substitution resulted in tougher meat than the 25% level treatment.

The interaction between cereal type and lactose level on piglet performance and diet digestibility post weaning

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. O'Connell ◽  
J. J. Callan ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractBoth barley and wheat contain anti-nutritive factors such as glucans and xylans respectively. However, β-glucans have been shown to promote lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine and this would be very beneficial in the absence of in-diet antimicrobial growth promoter. A 2 × 2 factorial was used to investigate the interaction between cereal type (wheatv. barley) and lactose inclusion (170v. 275 g/kg) on piglet performance post weaning. Two hundred and sixteen weaned piglets (24 days of age, 6·0 kg weight) were blocked on the basis of weight and were assigned to one of four dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows (T1) 170 g/kg lactose and wheat, (T2) 275 g/kg lactose and wheat, (T3) 170 g/kg lactose, wheat and 200 g/kg barley and (T4) 275 g/kg lactose, wheat and 200 g/kg barley. The diets were formulated to have identical concentrations of digestible energy (16 MJ/kg) and total lysine (16 g/kg). The pigs were offered the diets ad libitum for 33 days post weaning. There was a significant interaction (P< 0·05) between cereal source and lactose level in average daily gain (ADG). In wheat-based diets the inclusion of 275 gkg lactose resulted in a significant improvement in ADG, compared with the 170 g/kg lactose inclusion. However, in barley-based diets the inclusion of 275 g/kg lactose significantly (P< 0·05) reduced ADG. There was no significant effect of cereal type or lactose level on food intake or food conversion ratio (FCR). The inclusion of 275 g/kg lactose significantly reduced nitrogen digestibility (P< 0·01). In barley-based diets, the high level of lactose inclusion depressed digestibilities of dry matter (P< 0·01), organic matter (P< 0·05) and gross energy (P< 0·05) compared with low lactose inclusion. However, in wheat-based diets, lactose level had no significant effect. In conclusion, improvements in performance were achieved up to 275 g/kg lactose in wheat-based diets. However, in barley-based diets a dietary lactose level of 170 g/kg was adequate.

NUTRIENT DIGESTION AND NITROGEN RETENTION BY LAMBS FED MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING SOLVENT-EXTRACTED OR FULL-FAT PRODUCTS FROM DIFFERENT RAPESEED CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Heated Water ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Milk Replacers

Bronowski, Oro and Tower rapeseed were dehulled, heated, and water- and solvent-extracted to produce a protein concentrate (RPC) or only dehulled, heated and water-extracted to produce a full-fat rapeseed material (FFRS). These materials were added to lamb milk replacers to provide up to 50% of the dietary protein. RPC materials from the three cultivars were highly digestible (89% or more of dry matter) and produced similar values for nitrogen retention (60% of intake) by lambs. The FFRS materials were poorly digested (79% of dry matter or less) and generally decreased lamb performance. When the FFRS was passed through a colloid mill, digestibility values and retention of nitrogen increased to values equivalent to those obtained with RPC. Homogenization of the colloid-milled FFRS did not further improve its nutritive value for preruminant lambs. Thus, low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed which has been dehulled, heated, water-extracted and colloid-milled is a good source of protein and energy for lamb milk replacers.

scholarly journals Effect of wet/dry, fresh liquid, fermented whole diet liquid, and fermented cereal liquid feeding on feed microbial quality and growth in grow-finisher pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M O’ Meara ◽  
Gillian E Gardiner ◽  
John V O’ Doherty ◽  
David Clarke ◽  
Wayne Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Amino Acid Degradation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract Fermented liquid feeding has proved beneficial for weaner pigs; however, there is limited research on its effect on the growth and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of grow-finisher pigs. Microbial decarboxylation of amino acids is associated with whole diet fermentation, while wet/dry and liquid feeding reportedly improve growth compared with dry feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wet/dry feeding and fresh, fermented whole diet, and fermented cereal liquid feeding on pig growth, feed efficiency, and carcass quality in grow-finisher pigs. Pigs were allocated to one of four dietary treatments in two experiments: 1) Single-space wet/dry feeders (WET/DRY), 2) Fresh liquid feeding (FRESH), 3) Fermented cereal liquid feeding where the cereal fraction (38% barley, 40% wheat) of the diet was fermented prior to feeding (FERM-CER), and 4) Fermented whole diet liquid feeding where the whole diet was fermented prior to feeding (FERM-WH). In exp. 1, pigs were fed the experimental diets for 68 d prior to slaughter (29.8 kg ± 0.92 SE to 102.3 kg ± 0.76 SE). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was 1,094, 1,088, 1,110, and 955 g/d (SE = 13.0; P &lt; 0.001) and FCE was 2.26, 2.37, 2.40, and 2.88 (SE = 0.031; P &lt; 0.001) for treatments one through four, respectively. Pigs fed FERM-WH were lighter at slaughter than pigs fed the other three treatments (P &lt; 0.001). In exp. 2, pigs were on treatment for 26 d prior to slaughter (85.3 kg ± 1.69 SE to 117.5 kg ± 0.72 SE). Overall, ADG in exp. 2 was 1,103, 1,217, 1,284, and 1,140 g/d (SE = 27.9; P &lt; 0.01) and FCE was 2.78, 2.99, 2.95, and 3.09 g/g (SE = 0.071; P = 0.05), for treatments one through four, respectively. There were no significant differences observed between treatments for apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, or ash. Higher lactic acid bacteria counts and lower Enterobacteriaceae counts and pH were observed in FERM-CER and FERM-WH compared with WET/DRY and FRESH. Ethanol concentrations were almost 4-fold higher in FERM-CER troughs than FRESH troughs and 5-fold higher in FERM-WH than FRESH troughs. To conclude, FERM-WH resulted in poorer growth and FCE compared with WET/DRY, FRESH, and FERM-CER, probably due to amino acid degradation and a loss in gross energy found in FERM-WH.

EVALUATION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE — LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED MEALS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR YOUNG GROWING PIGS, INCLUDING EFFECTS ON BLOOD SERUM CONSTITUENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Residual Hexane ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-nine 4- to 5-wk-old pigs, averaging 7 kg in weight, were allotted to seven treatment groups. Rapeseed meals (RSM) from two cultivars of double-low (low glucosinolate-low erucic acid) Brassica napus rapeseed processed at one plant, one of the same cultivars processed at a second plant, and a low erucic acid B. campestris cv. Span were compared as partial or complete replacements (up to 22% of the diet) for soybean meal (SBM) in diets of starting–growing pigs. Overall results for feed intake, daily gain and efficiency of feed conversion indicated that RSM from a double-low cultivar (now licensed as Tower) may completely replace SBM in diets for starting–growing pigs with no depression in performance. Results from un unlicensed cultivar (1788) were inconsistent, with differences possibly associated with residual hexane in one sample of meal. Digestible energy and nitrogen, metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention did not differ between treatments. A profile of 14 blood serum constituents was obtained from individual pigs 3 and 9 wk after the start of the experiment. Thyroxine (T4) values were lower (P < 0.05) for all treatments when RSM was completely substituted for SBM. Protein-bound iodine values did not differ significantly between treatments but followed the same trends as T4. Results suggest that all RSM samples were goitrogenic to some degree. Blood serum constituents that correlated with average daily gain at [Formula: see text] were calcium, total protein, albumin, albumin:globulin ratio and lactate dehydrogenase. The results suggest that RSM from low glucosinolate–low erucic acid rapeseed, when it becomes commercially available, may be fed at higher levels than currently recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Methane emissions and growth performance of young Nellore bulls fed crude glycerine- v. fibre-based energy ingredients in low or high concentrate diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1280-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. LAGE ◽  
E. SAN VITO ◽  
R. A. REIS ◽  
E. E. DALLANTONIA ◽  
L. R. SIMONETTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYA total of 70 Nellore bulls (18 ± 3 months of age) were used to determine the effects of crude glycerine (CG) replacing starch- v. fibre-based energy ingredients in low (LC; 0·40 concentrate) or high concentrate (HC; 0·60 concentrate) – on a dry matter (DM) basis – on DM intake (DMI), methane emissions and growth. Ten bulls were slaughtered (reference group) to obtain the carcass gain (CrG). The 60 remaining bulls (374 ± 24·5 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two concentrate levels, LC or HC; and three feeding regimes, FR). The FR were: CO – without CG and maize as an ingredient of concentrate; CGM – inclusion of CG (0·10 of DM) replacing maize in the concentrate; and CGSH – inclusion of CG (0·10 of DM) replacing soybean hulls (SH) in the concentrate. Bulls fed LC or HC had similar DMI (kg/d) and growth. The DMI and average daily gain (ADG) were similar among FR. Concentrate level and FR tended to interact for methane emissions (g) per kg DMI. Bulls fed CGM had a greater G : F (g CrG/kg DMI) than those fed CO or CGSH diets. Increasing dietary concentrate (0·40–0·60) did not affect intake, methane emissions, or growth. Inclusion of CG in diets to replace SH in LC diets tended to decrease methane emissions from animals. When CG replaces SH in the diets, CrG and G:F (g CrG/kg DMI) are decreased compared with bulls fed CGM.

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