scholarly journals DIETARY SELENIUM AND CADMIUM INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN WEANLING PIGS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Sixteen piglets, weaned at 14 days, were used to study Se × Cd interaction and possible interference of Cd in the relationship between dietary Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in plasma. A diet containing 0.02 ppm Se, or supplemented with 0.1 ppm Se, was fed ad libitum for 7 wk. Then a supplement of Cd (50 ppm) was incorporated in the feed of half of each Se group for a 2-wk period. Supplemental Se increased the plasma GSH-Px activity (P < 0.01) and Se concentrations in heart, muscle and spleen (P < 0.05); blood, liver and lung (P < 0.01); and kidney (P < 0.001), but not in brain tissue. Supplementary Cd had no effect (P > 0.05) on the blood measurements, but increased Cd levels in lung (P < 0.05), spleen (P < 0.01), and liver and kidney (P < 0.001). Tissue levels of Cd and Se in the kidney, liver and spleen provided confirmation of the interaction between these dietary trace minerals.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study of Xanthine Dehydrogenase (XD) Accumulation in Chicks’ Organs: XD Natures and its Inhibitory Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2269-2276
Author(s):  
Loai Aljerf ◽  
Bayan Al Hamwi
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Few researches have indicated the availability of xanthine dehydrogenase in some parts of chicks, the enzymatic activity, and the rate of enzyme synthesis during the first few days after hatching. In addition, studies were conducted to examine the relationship between changes in xanthine dehydrogenase in some of these parts and some biomarkers as the excretion of uric acid in chicks fed diets. The developmental changes between xanthine oxidase in these parts and adenosine have also been observed before. However, in the current project, the developmental changes (including organ activity) in xanthine dehydrogenase activity of kidney, liver, pancreas and duodenum are investigated. Unincubated White Leghorn eggs and day-old male chicks were brought. Chicks were fed (Startena) ad libitum and eggs were injected in three sequential days and embryos were gotten on day 19th. Some organs (as liver, kidney, duodenum, and pancreas) tissues of the embryos were isolated and treated with potassium phosphate solution and treated with charcoal and centrifuged. The extracts were let to react with 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine and NAD in phosphate buffer in order to check the activity using a fluorometer. Specific activities of the xanthine dehydrogenase in organ tissues are listed as micromicromoles of substrate oxidized per minute per milligram protein. Besides, the xanthine dehydrogenase activities in these active tissues were measured from day 17 of incubation to a week after hatching. We reached to a conclusion that the enzyme was formed in the kidney several days prior to hatching and this had stimulated the liver, duodenum, and kidney at hatching in addition, to the central nervous system which resulted in a sensible modification of the pituitary function. Tracking the xanthine dehydrogenase activities in these organs showed no influence on the enzymatic activities except for pancreas which related to dietary situation that clearly refers to a possible interfering agent in the food which opens new arguments. As a result, our study has lucratively discovered 3-types of xanthine dehydrogenases in fledglings.

Brain tissue levels in a fatal case of neonatal mepivacaine (Carbocaine) poisoning

1975 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Edwin Dodson ◽  
Richard E. Hillman ◽  
Laura S. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Tissue Levels

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladejo Thomas Adepoju ◽  
Kayode Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Histopathological Effects

Addition of edible insects to local staples used as complementary foods can improve their nutrient content. Nutritional quality and safety of Macrotermes bellicosus enriched boiled rice (BR) and yam (BY) complementary foods (CFs) was assessed using rats. Macrotermes bellicosus (MB) were collected, dried, and refrigerated at -4oC. Ground MB was added to BR and BY in ratios 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0% (w/w) to give BR1, BY1; BR2, BY2, and BR3, BY3 respectively. Nutrient content of MB, BY, BR and MB-enriched CFs were determined by AOAC methods. Nutrient bioavailability and safety of BR3 and BY3 were assessed using rats fed ad libitum for 28 days. Serum trace minerals in the CFs, control and basal diets and histopathological effects of CFs on rats’ organs were determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Dried MB contained 31.8g protein, 16.4g fat, 3.8g ash, 227.5mg calcium, 2.1mg iron, 15.0mg zinc, 330.4μg retinol equivalent (RE), and 529.0kcal energy/100g sample. The BR and BY contained 3.7-5.9g protein, 70.0-120mg calcium,4.2-5.6mg iron, 1.2-1.5mg zinc and 380- 386kcal/100g compared with 7.9-15.3g protein, 242.2-264mg calcium, 2.4-4.4mg iron, 15.1-19.8mg zinc and 357-372kcal/100g enriched CFs (p<0.05). Rats Serum trace minerals ranged between 3.4- 4.3mg zinc, 23.4-27.9mg calcium, 30.6-37.0mg iron; and 52.5-56.9μg RE, compared with control (3.2, 22.2, 34.1, 48.2) and basal (2.2, 21.1, 24.0 mg, 32.3 μg) diets respectively (p<0.05). No pathological lesions were observed in internal organs of rats on CF diets. Adding Macrotermes bellicosus to local complementary foods is safe and improved their nutritional quality, hence its use is recommended among mothers.

THE EFFECT OF INGESTED CHLORTETRACYCLINE ON SOME HYDROLASES AND ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN GROWING PIGS: II. PROTEASE, AMYLASE, AND GELLULASE ACTIVITY OF THE CONTENTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND OF THE CECUM; WEIGHTS OF SMALL INTESTINE AND MUCOSA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Vonk ◽  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four treatments, involving differences in method of feeding and interval between last feed and slaughter, were employed in a study of the effect of dietary chlortetracycline on protease, amylase, and cellulase activity in the intestinal and cecal contents of 16 pairs of weanling pigs. Most consistent results were obtained with six pairs which were limited pair-fed except for the final feeding during which feed was available ad libitum for a 4-hour period ending 18 hours before slaughter. The mean total activities of all three hydrolases in the contents of the small intestines and of the ceca of the antibiotic-fed animals of these six pairs were significantly greater than in those of the control animals. Expressed as activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, significantly higher values for protease and amylase, but not for cellulase, were observed in the pigs that had received chlortetracycline. When the combined results obtained from all 16 pairs of the experimental animals were analyzed, the results showed that on a basis of activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, ingested chlortetracycline was associated with significant increases in amylase and cellulase but not in protease activity. Protease, amylase, and cellulase activities per gram dry matter of cecal contents were higher for pigs fed the antibiotic than for their controls. The mean wet weight of the empty small intestine and the mean dry weight of the mucosa scraped from the anterior 3-meter section of the small intestine were lower for the chlortetracycline-fed animals, but the differences were not statistically significant.

A simple technique for staining of cell membranes with imidazole and osmium tetroxide.

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Thiéry ◽  
J Bernier ◽  
M Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resin Penetration

We describe a simple new technique based on the affinity of imidazole and osmium tetroxide for unsaturated lipids. Organs (e.g., kidney, liver, intestine) were perfused in vivo with a glutaraldehyde solution. Tissue fragments were then immersed in a solution containing imidazole and OsO4 and are further stained with a double lead and copper citrate solution. Ultra-thin (0.06 microns) or thick (0.1-0.3 microns) sections were observed with transmission electron microscopy (80-100 kV). The method presented permits excellent visualization of cell membranes (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, endocytotic apparatus) because it favors good resin penetration and the alkaline pH preserves cell volume. A better stereomicroscopic analysis of the relationship between cell organelles can be carried out with thick sections. The imidazole/osmium can be used routinely because the technical steps are easy and simple to follow. Furthermore, it can complement other cytochemical methods.

scholarly journals A Contribution to the Study of Amboceptors and Receptors. Second Communication on Heterologous Immunity to Malignant Mouse Tumours

1916 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
M. Tsurumi
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Heterologous Immunity ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Since Forssman (1911) discovered a heterologous haemolysin obtained by immunising rabbit against guinea-pig organs—kidney, liver, etc.—and having the property of dissolving sheep blood corpuscles but not those of the guinea-pig, many authors have devoted their time to this subject, and to the elucidation of the relationship between antigen and antibody.

The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity toTeladorsagia circumcinctain periparturient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson ◽  
R. L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA nutritional hypothesis for the occurrence of the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematodes was tested within the bounds of a nutrient partitioning framework. It was hypothesized that at times of a scarce supply of metabolizable protein (MP), an increase in MP supply or a reduction in MP demand (having singles instead of twins) should lower the extent of PPRI in sheep. Twenty-one single- and 21 twin-bearing and -rearing Finn-Dorset ewes, 2 to 7 years old, and repeatedly infected withTeladorsagia circumcincta, were given one of three pelleted foods (no. = 7). The foods were formulated to supply 0·8 (L), 1·0 (M) and 1·2 (H) times the MP requirements during lactation, and were offeredad libitumfrom d–21to d35(d0 is day of parturition). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed twice weekly as an indicator for host resistance. Dry-matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was higher than expected, and MP supply did not limit performance at this stage. In accordance with the hypothesis, there were no indications of a breakdown of immunity toT. circumcinctaduring late pregnancy. DMI during lactation did not differ between the single- and twin-rearing ewes. Calculated milk production was lower for the L than for the M and H ewes, especially for the twin-rearing ewes. A temporarily elevated FEC was observed during the first few days in lactation, which was probably mainly due to changes in faecal output rather than to PPRI. The FEC returned to low, late pregnancy levels at d12and remained low for the single- but not for the twin-rearing ewes (P< 0·001). Overall, the L ewes had higher FEC than the M and H ewes from d19onwards; this effect was more pronounced for the twin- than for the single-rearing ewes. It was postulated that DMI achieved overcame MP scarcity and thus prevented breakdown in immunity in the single-rearing ewes. The data support the view that, at times of MP scarcity, an increase in MP supply and reduction in MP demand can lower the extent of the breakdown in immunity towardsT. circumcincta.

Food Drive and Satiety in Yellow Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Hollifield ◽  
William Parson
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Gene ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Fasting And Refeeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Reduced Activity

Spontaneous running activity during ad libitum feeding, fasting and refeeding was studied in inbred yellow mice. These studies suggest that the yellow gene per se is not associated with reduced activity and that inbred yellow mice have intact hypothalamic feeding centers. The relationship of these findings to obesity in yellow mice is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document