PRODUCTIVITY OF THE COW-CALF UNIT IN RANGE CATTLE PROTECTED FROM HORN FLIES, Haematobia irritans (L.), BY PESTICIDAL EAR TAGS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. HAUFE
Keyword(s):  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Summer Grazing

Experiments conducted on a ranch in southern Alberta evaluated the productivity of the cow-calf unit in breeding herds in response to treatment with pesticidal (8% fenvalerate wt/wt) ear tags to control infestations of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.). Optimum economic productivity was found to depend on the effectiveness of tags in establishing fly-free grazing (FFG) conditions and maintaining them without interruption during the complete summer grazing period. This was achieved when animals were tagged before the first overwintering horn flies emerged in spring. Present formulations of pesticide in tags will support the required FFG conditions for 85–90 d. Management of herds for maximum gains throughout the summer in southern Alberta requires fly control that will maintain FFG conditions for at least 115 d. Rates of gain in weight of animals under FFG conditions on dry range conformed with the 16% improvement in efficiency of production projected from controlled experiments on irrigated pastures. Key words: Cattle, cow-calf unit, flies, Haematobia irritans, ear tags, fenvalerate

PSI-2 Spices in Free-choice Mineral Offer Gain Advantages to Cattle on Tallgrass Native Range and Promise as Fly Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Macie E Reeb ◽  
Jaymelynn K Farney
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Treatment Structure ◽  
Mineral Type

Abstract This study aims to evaluate effectiveness of two operational management systems for steer gains and fly control. The first strategy evaluated was pasture burn date of March (MAR) or April (APR). The second management strategy was fly control through feeding free-choice mineral with spices (SPICE) or without spices (CON). Eight pastures (n = 281 steers; initial weight 277.7 ± 25.2 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial treatment structure. Steers were weighed individually, randomly assigned to treatment, and grazed for 85 days. Weekly 33% of steers per pasture were photographed and fly numbers counted. ADG was impacted by both burn date and mineral type (P = 0.01). Cattle on the APR-SPICE treatment had a greater ADG than MAR-SPICE and APR-CON with MAR-CON intermediate. Cattle on SPICE gained 4.5 kg (P = 0.12) more than cattle consuming CON mineral. Flies per steer were impacted by burn x mineral x week (P < 0.001). In general, APR-SPICE steers had a greater number of flies weeks 8, 10, and 11 (P < 0.05), corresponding to a time when mineral intake averaged 72% of the formulated intake. The MAR-SPICE steers consumed on average the formulated amount of mineral and through the entire grazing period had lower number of flies than APR-SPICE steers (P < 0.05). The second largest ADG observed with the MAR-CON treatment may be attributed to lower fly numbers as this treatment had one extra week below economic threshold for horn flies. These results are somewhat inconclusive on pasture burn date, but show that the addition of spices to a free-choice complete mineral shows promise as a cost-effective method to increase gains in stocker steers on tallgrass native range. As a fly control method, the spices utilized in this study may be effective if intake is at formulated level.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of field populations of Haematobia irritans to fipronil in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Miraballes ◽  
Antonio Thadeu M. Barros ◽  
Martin Lucas ◽  
Guilherme M. Klafke ◽  
Luísa N. Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Fly Control

ABSTRACT: Fipronil was registered in Uruguay in 1997, and, since then, it has been used for the control of Haematobia irritans irritans and Rhipicephalus microplus. The susceptibility of H. irritants to this drug has not been evaluated. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the resistance of H. irritans to fipronil. Additionally, a survey was carried out with the farmers to evaluate the use of fipronil for H. irritans control in the ranches where the flies came from. For the bioassays, 31 field populations of H. irritans were exposed to 10 concentrations of fipronil (3.2-16.0μg.cm2), and their LC50 values were calculated using probit analysis. A bioassay was performed with horn flies from the susceptible colony maintained at the USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory for comparison and calculation of resistance ratios (RRs). All 31 field populations surveyed in the study were susceptible to fipronil, with resistance ratios ranging from <0.5 to 2.2. Four populations with RRs >1 did not differ significantly from the susceptible strain. A single population showed an RR >2.2. Overall, the survey shows that fipronil was mostly used for R. microplus control, and in only three ranches, which were free of R. microplus, was fipronil used for horn fly control. Seventeen farmers did not use fipronil at all in the last three years. It is concluded that, in Uruguay, field populations of horn flies remain susceptible to fipronil.

GROWTH OF RANGE CATTLE PROTECTED FROM HORN FLIES (Haematobia irritans) BY EAR TAGS IMPREGNATED WITH FENVALERATE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. HAUFE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Growth Stimulant ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was conducted on a ranch to evaluate the efficacy of polyvinyl ear tags impregnated with fenvalerate to control horn flies and to improve growth of steers on range. An experimental tag, weighing 10.8 g and containing 7.2% fenvalerate by weight, was attached to each ear of yearling steers when they were moved to summer range in May. The tags were evaluated in combination with zeranol implanted as a growth stimulant during a 115-day grazing period. Release of fenvalerate from the tags kept a treated group of animals completely fly-free. At the end of the experiment, liveweight gain due to slow release of fenvalerate was increased by 18.5% for implanted and 17.7% for unimplanted animals. Increases due to zeranol implants were 7.1% for animals protected and 6.3% for those unprotected from horn flies. No statistical evidence was found for interaction between responses to the impregnated ear tags and growth stimulator implants in increasing the rate of gain in weight of the steers on pasture. The results of this experiment under ranching conditions corresponded closely with basic measurements on the impact of horn flies on productivity of cattle in a model for host-parasite regulation. Key words: Cattle, flies, ear tags, Haematobia irritans, fenvalerate

scholarly journals Antifeedant Effects and Repellent Activity of Loline Alkaloids from Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue against Horn Flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Javier Espinoza ◽  
Manuel Chacón-Fuentes ◽  
Andrés Quiroz ◽  
Leonardo Bardehle ◽  
Paul Escobar-Bahamondes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Spatial Repellency

Haematobia irritans is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle and is the global major pest of livestock production. Currently, H. irritans management is largely dependent upon broad-spectrum pesticides, which lately has led to the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are necessary. Endophyte-infected grasses have been studied as an alternative due to their capability to biosynthesize alkaloids associated with anti-insect activities. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the antifeedant and repellent activity of lolines obtained from endophyte-infected tall fescue against H. irritans adults in laboratory conditions. The alkaloid extract (ALKE) was obtained by acid–base extraction. N-formyl loline (NFL) and N-acetyl loline (NAL) were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography (pTLC) and column chromatography (CC), and the loline was prepared by acid hydrolysis of a NFL/NAL mixture. Loline identification was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Feeding behavior was evaluated by a non-choice test, and olfactory response was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Accordingly, all samples showed antifeedant activities. NFL was the most antifeedant compound at 0.5 µg/µL and 1.0 µg/µL, and it was statistically equal to NAL but different to loline; however, NAL was not statistically different to loline. NFL and NAL at 0.25 µg/µL were more active than loline. All samples except loline exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer. Thus, the little or non-adverse effects for cattle and beneficial activities of those lolines make them suitable candidates for horn fly management.

CASE STUDY: Demonstration of the feasibility of extending the grazing period of beef cow-calf herds beyond 300 days in Arkansas

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Troxel ◽  
M.S. Gadberry ◽  
J.A. Jennings ◽  
S.M. Jones ◽  
K.J. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cow ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Cow Calf

Identification of microorganisms in partially fed female horn flies, Haematobia irritans

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 1391-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Torres ◽  
Consuelo Almazán ◽  
Nieves Ayllón ◽  
Ruth C. Galindo ◽  
Rodrigo Rosario-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Horn Flies

SUMMER TREATMENTS FOR CATTLE GRUB CONTROL AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HORN FLIES AND CATTLE WEIGHT GAINS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan ◽  
J. E. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Daily Gain

Spraying yearlings with 2% Co-Ral in July was 100% effective for systemic control of cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.). Spraying spring calves with 1% Co-Ral in August was equally effective, and gave better control (P < 0.01) than spraying with 1 or 2% Co-Ral in June or 0.5% Co-Ral in July. Co-Ral sprays were not suitable for horn fly (Haematobia irritans L.) control.Two per cent Sevin sprayed on calves in June or July did not control cattle grubs, and only partially controlled horn flies.Compared with the control group, the average daily gain was higher (P < 0.05) to weaning but lower (P < 0.05) in the feedlot in calves sprayed with 2% Sevin in June. Similarly, it was higher (P < 0.05) from birth to the end of the feedlot period in calves sprayed with 2% Co-Ral in June, but lower (P < 0.05) in calves sprayed with 0.5% Co-Ral in July.Mild toxicosis occurred in five calves sprayed with 2% Co-Ral in June, and subclinical toxicosis in calves sprayed with 1% Co-Ral in August.

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