Diamond-Based Electrodes for Detection of Metal Ions and Anions

Diamond electrodes have long been a well-known candidate in electrochemical analyte detection. Nano- and micro-level modifications on the diamond electrodes can lead to diverse analytical applications. Doping of crystalline diamond allows the fabrication of suitable electrodes towards specific analyte monitoring. In particular, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been reported for metal ions, anions, biomolecules, drugs, beverage hazards, pesticides, organic molecules, dyes, growth stimulant, etc., with exceptional performance in discriminations. Therefore, numerous reviews on the diamond electrode-based sensory utilities towards the specified analyte quantifications were published by many researchers. However, reviews on the nanodiamond-based electrodes for metal ions and anions are still not readily available nowadays. To advance the development of diamond electrodes towards the detection of diverse metal ions and anions, it is essential to provide clear and focused information on the diamond electrode synthesis, structure, and electrical properties. This review provides indispensable information on the diamond-based electrodes towards the determination of metal ions and anions.

Study on the influence of stimulants on the rooting of the paulownia (paulownia) and tulip (liriodendron tulipifera) trees during the propagation by cuttings

This article describes the effect of a growth stimulant on the rooting of Paulownia and tulip tree saplings in the conditions of the Tashkent region. In addition, the article discusses the method of propagation of sapling from lignified and annual green cuttings, the influence of the preparation of the substrate 3: 3: 1 from sand, klinec (crushed stone), vermicompost on the development of saplings. In this case, the usual water (control), root SP, basfoliar Kel-SL and heteroauxin stimulants were used.

Biostimulant application in the cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus l.): A case study of Andijan region

This article describes the results of the conducted field experiment by using biostimulants “Uchkun”, “Super Uchkun”, “Gossipren” and “Verva” on cucumber varieties (Orzu) in Andijan region and the effect on the increase of productivity. It was revealed that the pre-sowing treatment of cucumber seeds with biostimulants promoted a significant increase in seed germination and growth processes. The most effective growth stimulant on Orzu cucumber was Super Uchkun. On average, the yield of cucumber when treated with biostimulants increased by 10.28%; 23.8%; 24.27% and 14.29%, respectively; while the yield increase was 1.3, 2.3, 2.7, and 0.9 t/ha, respectively.

Germination energy and germination of different morphotypes of peas when treated with growth stimulant

The main legume crop, pea, is characterised by various morphotypes: leafy, whiskered, chameleon and other morphotypes. These morphotypes are the result of both selection work and spontaneous mutations. The relevance of the research topic is the effect of various factors, including seed treatment, on the different morphotypes. Six varieties and breeding lines of pea sown by Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture were taken for the study: leafy Radomir, Kemchug; with the moustached leaf D-94, Ruslan; and having longitudinal heterophyllia L-19, M-6. This work aims to determine the responsiveness and variability of germination and germination energy, as well as seedling length, recorded during these periods, of different morphotypes of pea varieties and breeding lines to seed treatment with a growth stimulant. The experiment was set up in three replications with the growth stimulant treatment sodium humate and three repetitions of the control variant without remedy. Measurements of seedling length, germination energy and germination were carried out on the 4th and 8th day, respectively. The research revealed that the treatment of pea seeds increased the germination energy by 2,28% and reduced its variation by 0,55%. Chameleon morphotype samples are more responsive to treatment. The variability of the coefficient of variation of the germination energy of pea plants of different morphotypes with and without treatment is less than 10%. Stimulant treatment increases the length of seedlings by 6.34% but does not affect the morphotypes separately. The increase in size at treatment is individual for each sample. The variability of variation in the length of seedlings of control and treated examples is insignificant and unique for each model. But this variability in size decreases throughout the experiment: on the 4th day from 1.63 to 1.36, on the 8th day from 0.98 to 0.95%. In determining the germination rate, it was found that the treatment of pea seeds with a growth stimulant increases it by 3.78%. The growth gain is an individual response of each specimen and is weakly dependent on the morphotype.

EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER SUPPLEMENT OF SUNFLOWER IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

The purpose of research: improvement of technology of sunflower cultivation, in particular optimization of system of food of culture in zonal conditions of the West of Ukraine. Research methods. Studies of the effectiveness of foliar fertilization in the technology of sunflower cultivation were conducted in the experimental field of the Lviv branch of UkrNDIPVT. L. Pogorily, with a total area of 4.5 hectares, which was divided into nine experimental plots with different schemes of drug application. Sunflower seeds were sown with a Romina 8 seed drill (Gaspardo). The sowing rate is 5 kg / ha. Width between rows - 70 cm. Protection of crops from weeds, pests and diseases was carried out by a chemical method. During the research, the effectiveness of the application of organo-mineral fertilizer Humilin Stimulus (Agrocontour LLC), Nivaton Boron microfertilizer (MM Logistics LLC) and Expert Grove growth stimulant (Adama LLC) was determined. The drugs were applied once in the phase of 3-4 pairs of true leaves and twice - in the phases of 3-4 and 6-8 pairs of true leaves Research results: Plowing to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation to a depth of 10 cm and pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 5 cm were carried out at the experimental sites. Mineral fertilizers Super Agro (200 kg/ha) and lime-ammonium nitrate were applied for spring cultivation. Sunflower seeds were sown with a Romina 8 seed drill (Gaspardo). The sowing rate is 5 kg/ha. Width between rows - 70 cm. Protection of crops from weeds, pests and diseases was carried out by a chemical method. During the research, the effectiveness of the application of organo-mineral fertilizer Humilin Stimulus (Agrocontour LLC), Nivaton Boron microfertilizer (MM Logistics LLC) and Expert Grove growth stimulant (Adama LLC) was determined. The drugs were applied once in the phase of 3-4 pairs of true leaves and twice - in the phases of 3-4 and 6-8 pairs of true leaves Foliar dressing provided an increase in the diameter of the basket, the number of seeds in the basket, the weight of 1000 seeds, a decrease in empty grain and an increase in the seed productivity of one plant. Thus, as a result of the introduction of drugs, the number of full-fledged seeds in baskets increased by 15-85 pieces. or 2,1-11,8% more than in the control area. The number of full-fledged seeds in the basket under control - 718 pcs. The weight of 1000 seeds varied from 54,6 g in the control to 59,1 g in the area where the plants were fed twice. The difference between the largest and smallest mass of 1000 seeds is only 4,5 g or 8,2%. The minimum and maximum productivity of one basket differs by 8,3 g or 21,2%. In areas with different variants of one-time foliar feeding, an increase in yield by 5,7-14,7% compared to the control was recorded, and in the case of double fertilization - by 10,4-26,1%. Seed yield on control was 2,11 t/ha. Conclusions. The use of foliar fertilization of sunflower allowed to improve the structural indicators of yield and weight of 1000 seeds. The economic effect of root fertilization reached from 1022 to 4855 UAH/ha.

Aqueous Extract of (Eruca sativa Mill) as Growth Stimulant in Enhancing Growth and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L)

A field study was conducted in the fall of 2019 to investigate the potential of Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) aqueous extract as a growth stimulant in enhancing the growth and yield of Fa- ba Bean (Vicia faba L). The study was conducted using sandy soil at a farm in Abo Esaa town in a plot size of 3X5 m2 with a row spacing of 25cm,which based on a complete randomized design (RCD) with four replications, three treatments were carried out, including no foliar spray with E. sativa extracts (control) and foliar sprayed with 20% and 40% aqueous extracts of E. sativa. Ac- cordingly, Faba Bean (Vicia faba L) plants were foliar sprayed six times with the aqueous extracts of E. sativa at rates of 20 and 40% at vegetative and reproductive stages. The result showed that among these concentrations, the foliar spray of faba bean plants with 40% of E. sativa extracts po- tentially were increased all measured growth and yield traits. The results pointed out that plant height increased by 32%, number of branches by 73%, number of leaves by 95%, number of seeds plant by 89%, leaves, stems, pods and roots dry weight by 92%, 80%, 74%, and 89%, respectively. Thus, the study concluded that E. sativa aqueous extracts could potentially be used efficiently by crop producers as a growth enhancer for faba bean crops because of their productivity, great nutri- tive value, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature.

Influence of foliar fertilization of plants with humid preparations on the productivity of spring barley in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The article analyzes the current state and improvement of elements of the technology of growing valuable forage and food crops, spring barley in Ukraine. It is noted that in recent years the area under large crops and the yield of this crop have decreased significantly. It is emphasized that further improvement of technologies should be focused on the transition to more use of biological agents to increase yields. Researchers have shown that the effectiveness of the use of humid preparations GK-6M, GK-4MK, GK-MK - on crops of spring barley Dokuchaivsky 15, due to foliar feeding of plants in the tiller ring phase. The main justification of the article is the results of field research conducted in 2015–2019. Maximum indicators, namely: increase in leaf area by 46–38 %, stem height by 8,3 cm; the number of grains in the ear – 4,8 pieces; ear lengths – 1,9 cm; mass of grain in the ear – 0,33 g; masses of 1000 grains – at 12,0 %; nature of grain – 34,9 g – was obtained by treating plants with humid preparation GK-6M. Foliar feeding of plants in the tiller ring phase with the studied drugs provided the largest increase in the yield of spring barley grain – 1,08 t/ha, provided the use of growth stimulant GK-6M. A slightly smaller effect of foliar fertilization of plants on the yield of spring barley was observed from the growth stimulator GK-4MK – the increase in grain yield was 0,83 t/ha and from the growth stimulant GK-MK – the increase in grain yield – 0,66 t/ha. The obtained increments are significant, mathematically proven. Further improvement of agrotechnologies due to wider use of biological means of increase of productivity and quality of production is offered. Keywords: spring barley, plant growth stimulants, foliar feeding, yield.