THE INFLUENCE OF EGG WEIGHT LOSS DURING AND IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING INCUBATION, AND DIETARY INTAKE OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON GROWTH AND FEED EFFICIENCY IN BROILER CHICKENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. SINCLAIR ◽  
F. E. ROBINSON ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Common Weight

One thousand two hundred and seven eggs were obtained from a flock of 34-wk-old broiler breeders (Indian River strain). Prior to setting, eggs were weighed and sorted into groups of a common weight. Following hatching, the weight of the pooled hatch debris from each weight group was recorded. The percent weight loss (PWL) during incubation for each egg was calculated as follows:[Formula: see text]Chicks were sorted into two groups of 416 chicks each, based on PWL (high: 29.57% ± 0.31 and low: 24.32% ± 0.28). Chicks from each PWL group were fed one of four starter diets to 3 wk of age: (1) 26% crude protein (CP), 3200 kcal ME kg−1; (2) 23% CP, 2830 kcal ME kg−1; (3) 23% CP, 3200 kcal ME kg−1; and (4) 26% CP, 2830 kcal ME kg−1. From 3–6 wk of age all chicks were fed a 20% CP 3200 kcal ME kg−1 grower diet. Chicks in the low PWL treatments exhibited significantly higher body weights than high PWL chicks up to 5 wk of age. During the period from 1 to 3 wk, chicks fed the low-energy diet were heavier than chicks fed the high-energy diet. During the period from 1 to 6 wk, chicks fed the low-protein diet were significantly heavier than chicks fed the high-protein diet. The effects of energy and protein on body weight are attributed to significantly higher feed intake in the low-energy and low protein-fed birds. Key words: Broiler chicken, dietary energy, dietary protein, egg weight loss, incubation

Effect of diets with different energy and protein levels on performance of grower ostriches

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Glatz ◽  
Z. H. Miao ◽  
B. K. Rodda ◽  
S. C. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feed Costs

Grower ostriches that are fed more expensive diets with high energy and high protein to maximise growth can exhibit health problems. Despite this there is an ‘industry view’ that birds can be grown to slaughter weight within 8 months when high energy and protein diets are used, rather than 12–14 months using conventional diets. Given this scenario it is likely that there would be lower total feed costs associated with feeding a high energy and high protein diet for only 8 months compared with feeding a traditional diet for 12–14 months. The purpose of this experiment was to conduct an on-farm trial with grower ostriches (liveweight 48.7–50.0 kg) housed in a feedlot to examine their performance when subjected to four dietary treatments fed over 4 weeks: (i) treatment 1: birds fed a commercial grower diet with 10.7 MJ/kg and 138.0 g/kg of protein; (ii) treatment 2: birds fed a low energy (10.0 MJ/kg) and low protein (126.0 g/kg) diet; (iii) treatment 3: birds fed a high energy (12.5 MJ/kg) and medium protein (136.0 g/kg) diet; and (iv) treatment 4: birds fed a high energy (12.5 MJ/kg) and high protein (143.0 g/kg) diet in a feedlot. Birds fed on the low energy and low protein diet had the highest feed intake compared with the other treatments. Birds on treatment 2 also had a significantly higher (P = 0.01) daily weight gain (277.3 g/bird) compared with treatment 1 (50.9 g), treatment 3 (49.1 g) and treatment 4 (32.0 g), respectively. The results indicate that better daily bodyweight gain is likely if ostrich growers are fed with a lower energy and lower protein diet.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Appropriate Identification and Treatment of Starvation, Sarcopenia, and Cachexia: A Survey of Australian Dietitians

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Yaxley ◽  
Michelle D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Unintentional Weight Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Malnutrition is an umbrella term that includes starvation, sarcopenia, and cachexia; however, differentiating between these terms is infrequent in clinical practice. Given that the effectiveness of treatment depends on the aetiology of unintentional weight loss, it is important that clinicians are aware of the defining characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine whether Australian dietitians understand and use the terms starvation, sarcopenia, and cachexia and provide targeted treatment strategies accordingly. Members of the Dietitians Association of Australia were surveyed to gain information on practices and attitudes to diagnosis and treatment of adult malnutrition. In addition, three case studies were provided to examine understanding of starvation, sarcopenia, and cachexia. 221 dietitians accessed the survey. 81 respondents (43%) indicated the use of at least one alternate term (starvation, sarcopenia, and/or cachexia). Muscle wasting was the most commonly used diagnostic criterion. High-energy high-protein diet was the most common therapy prescribed. Correct diagnoses for case studies were recorded by 6% of respondents for starvation, 46% for sarcopenia, and 21% for cachexia. There is a need for increased awareness of the existence of starvation, sarcopenia, and cachexia amongst Australian dietitians and research into appropriate methods of identification and treatment for each condition.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes in the capacity of systems used for the synthesis of citrulline in rat liver mitochondria in response to high- and low-protein diets

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McGivan ◽  
Norah M. Bradford ◽  
J. B. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Citrulline Synthesis

1. Citrulline synthesis was measured in mitochondria from rats fed on a standard diet, a high-protein diet, or on glucose. 2. With NH4Cl as the nitrogen source the rate of citrulline synthesis was higher in mitochondria from rats fed on a high-protein diet than in those from rats fed on a standard diet. When rats were fed solely on glucose the rate of synthesis of citrulline from NH4Cl was very low. 3. With glutamate as the nitrogen source the relative rates of citrulline synthesis were much lower than when NH4Cl was present, but similar adaptive changes occurred. 4. The activity of the mitochondrial glutamate-transporting system increased two to three times on feeding rats on a high-protein diet, but the Km for glutamate was unchanged. 5. Adaptive changes in certain intramitochondrial enzymes were also measured. 6. The results were interpreted to indicate that when an excess of substrate was present, citrulline synthesis from NH4Cl was rate-limited by the intramitochondrial concentration of N-acetyl-glutamate, but citrulline synthesis from glutamate was rate-limited primarily by the activity of the glutamate-transporting system.

Effect of High-Salt, High-Carbohydrate, Low-Protein Diet on Hypertension in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 99s-102s
Author(s):  
Hideo Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein

1. High-salt, high-carbohydrate and low-protein diet induces remarkable elevation of blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. These animals have low serum potassium, low blood urea nitrogen and high blood sugar. 3. Heart weight is increased in proportion to the elevation of blood pressure. 4. Kidney weight of rats receiving the high-salt, high-carbohydrate and low-protein diet was, by contrast, smaller than SHR receiving a normal diet. 5. The kidneys of SHR receiving a high-salt, high-protein diet were twice as heavy as the kidneys of normal rats. 6. Similar dietary modifications in Goldblatt hypertensive rats to those in SHR produced similar changes in blood pressure and heart weight.

Effect of chronic food restriction on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in castrate male sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Adam ◽  
P A Findlay ◽  
C E Kyle ◽  
P Young ◽  
J G Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Male Sheep

Abstract Castrate male sheep (wethers, average liveweight 38 ± 0·6 kg) were given one of the following diets for 10 weeks followed by euthanasia (n=8/group): high-energy high-protein providing 1·5 times the energy required to maintain liveweight (maintenance) (group 1·5M), low-energy low-protein at 0·5 maintenance (0·5M), or low-energy high-protein at 0·5 maintenance (0·5M+P). 1·5M wethers gained 22% liveweight whereas 0·5M and 0·5M+P wethers lost 18 and 13% liveweight respectively. Relative to the 1·5M group, the 0·5M and 0·5M+P groups had similar plasma concentrations of glucose and cortisol throughout, but elevated non-esterified fatty acids (P<0·001) and reduced IGF-I and insulin (P<0·05, 0·01 or 0·001) from 1 week onwards. Each week blood samples were taken every 12 min for 4 h and plasma assayed for LH. Mean concentration over 4 h, LH pulse frequency and LH pulse amplitude showed no progressive change in 1·5M sheep. However, in both 0·5M and 0·5M+P groups mean LH increased (P<0·001 and P<0·01 respectively), pulse frequency decreased (P<0·01 and P<0·01) and pulse amplitude increased (P<0·001 and P<0·01) over the 10-week period. Anterior pituitary LH content was greater in 0·5M (P<0·01) and 0·5M+P (P<0·05) than in 1·5M sheep. Coronal sections (20 μm) of hypothalamic brain tissue were subjected to in situ hybridisation to determine gene expression for neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY mRNA was concentrated in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, with total amounts greater in both 0·5M (310%, P<0·001) and 0·5M+P (333%, P<0·01) groups than in 1·5M sheep (100%). These data reveal that chronic low dietary energy intake by long-term castrates, with high or low protein intake, reduces LH pulse frequency but increases the circulating levels of LH by virtue of an increase in pulse amplitude, and concomitantly increases hypothalamic NPY gene expression. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 329–337

scholarly journals The PROMOTE study (High-protein and resistance-training combination in overweight and obesity) for short-term weight loss and long-term weight maintenance for Chinese people: a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyong Xu ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Dong ◽  
Ruikun Chen ◽  
Wenlei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Abstract Background It is very important for clinicians and dieticians to explore reasonable weight management strategies for obese people that address both short-term weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. We hypothesized that resistance training combined with a high-protein diet would result in similar short-term weight loss but better long-term weight maintenance than either a conventional low-fat diet control or a high-protein diet alone. Methods/design This is an 8-week randomized parallel controlled trial followed by a 24-week observational follow-up study. A 48-week supplementary follow-up study will be carried out if necessary. The study will be conducted between June 2019 and October 2020. The 90 overweight or obese participants will be randomly assigned to the conventional low-fat diet group, the high-protein diet group and the high-protein diet and resistance training combination group. Primary outcomes are body weight change at week 8 and week 24 compared with the baseline level. Discussion High-quality research on the effect of a high-protein diet combined resistance training on weight loss and weight maintenance is limited in the Chinese population. Our study will provide a basis for obesity management in China and will promote the development of exercise- and diet-related studies. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023841. Registered on 14 June 2019.

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed Low Protein Diets with Lysine and Methionine Supplements

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Nancy Montilla ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Sulpecio Bantugan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein

A feeding trial with broilers was conducted to evaluate the effects of amino acids (lysine and methionine) supplementation of diets low in protein content on the voluntary intake, feed conversion efficiency, broiler performance, and cost and return of broiler production. Results showed cumulative voluntary feed intake was not significantly affected by lowering the protein content of the diet. Cumulative weight gain of broilers was lower with diet when supplemented iwht lysine and methionine to meet requirements. Birds fed with diets low in protein has less efficient feed converstion, but became comparable with those receiveing diets high in protein when supplemented with amino acids. Feed cost per kilogram broiler produced was not significantly affected by diets used in the study, although the low-protien diet with amino acid supplement had the lowest values. In terms of return above feed and chick cost, broilers fed with high-protein diet had the greatest value, but not significantly different from birds fed with low-protien diet with amino acid supplementation which gave about P10 per bird higher returns than those fed low-protein diet without amino acid supplementation.

Abstract P183: FTO Genotype, Dietary Protein, and Change in Appetite: the Pounds Lost trial

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Frank Hu ◽  
George A Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Fto Rs9939609

Objective: A common "obesity-risk" variant rs9939609 in the FTO gene was recently found to affect appetite, and the gene is sensitive to regulation of amino acids. We examined the interaction between FTO genotype and protein intake on the long-term changes in appetite in a randomized controlled trial. Research Design and Methods: We genotyped FTO rs9939609 in 737 overweight adults in the 2-year Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (Pounds Lost) trial and assessed four appetite related traits including cravings, fullness, hunger, and prospective consumption. Results: We found that dietary protein significantly modified genetic effects on changes in food cravings at 6 months, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, baseline body mass index, weight change, baseline value for food cravings (P for interaction=0.027). The A allele was associated with a greater decrease in food cravings among the participants with high protein diet intake (P=0.027), but not in those low protein diet group (P= 0.384). Weight regain from 6 months to 24 months attenuated the gene-protein interactions. Protein intakes did not modify the FTO genotype effects on other appetite measures. Conclusions: Our data suggest that individuals with the FTO rs9939609 A allele might obtain more benefits in reduction of food cravings by choosing a hypocaloric and higher protein weight-loss diet. Keywords: diet, genetic variation, food cravings, gene-diet interaction, weight-loss trial

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