Uniform or heterogeneous weight groups as factors in mixing weanling pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Francis ◽  
G. I. Christison ◽  
N. F. Cymbaluk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Light Medium

A series of trials evaluated the behavior and performance of pigs grouped into three main categories at weaning: (1) unmixed litters, (2) mixed into uniform body weight groups (light, medium and heavy) and (3) mixed into heterogeneous weight groups. The effects of grouping on performance criteria were conflicting among trials and with time after weaning. In trial 1, heterogeneous groups had lower (P = 0.09) average daily gain to 5 d after weaning than intact litters. The reverse was observed in trial 2. In trial 3, uniform weight groups grew more rapidly (P < 0.01) than heterogenous groups. These treatment differences persisted through 19 d post-weaning for pigs in trials 1 and 2 but were no longer evident in trial 3. Play/fight behavior was highest (P < 0.01) among uniform weight groups resulting in an increased wounding score for head and shoulders of pigs in medium and heavy weight groups. In trial 1, structures which allowed individuals to hide their heads were available for the first 5 d but did not affect behavior or wounding. In trial 2, pigs from the three main groupings were mixed again on day 19 into three new groupings (unmixed, uniform weight or heterogenous weight). There were no performance differences among the nine grouping combinations 40 d after weaning. We conclude that if litter groups cannot be maintained after weaning, it may be advantageous to mix newly weaned pigs into uniform weight groups although the benefit is not consistently present. If space is limited, the greatest benefit would be to group light weight pigs together. Key words: Pigs, weanlings, behavior, lesions, head hides, mixing

scholarly journals Maniçoba hay or silage replaces Tifton 85 hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Do Vale Maciel ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Maria Vieira Batista ◽  
Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Laura Priscila Araújo Amaro Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Manihot Glaziovii ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets. 

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

scholarly journals Productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs in large groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusith S Samarakone ◽  
Harold W Gonyou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of eight 11-wk trials were conducted to evaluate the productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 31.8 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD), n = 2304] in two group size treatments (18 and 108 pigs pen-1). Pigs were housed on fully-slatted floors, provided one wet/dry feeder space for every nine pigs, and a floor space allowance of 0.76 m2 pig-1 in both group sizes. The level of aggression at grouping was recorded for 2 h starting 0, 24 and 48 h following grouping into small and large groups. Pigs were weighed on weeks 0, 2, 5, 7 and 11, and average daily gain (ADG) was obtained. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was recorded during two periods (weeks 2 to 5 and 7 to 11). There was no difference in percentage of time spent on aggression between two group sizes up to 48 h following grouping. ADG for the entire 11-wk trial was affected (2%) by large group size (0.971 and 0.955 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.05). However, the greatest effect on ADG was observed during the first 2 wk following grouping (0.919 and 0.833 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant effects due to group size on ADFI, feed efficiency, variability in final BW within a pen, carcass traits or mortality and morbidity (P > 0.05). In summary, the overall productivity and aggression at grouping did not differ substantially between group sizes of 18 and 108 pigs pen-1. Key words: Large groups, grower-finisher, pigs, productivity, aggression

EFFECT OF ANABOLIC IMPLANT AND IONOPHORE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GRAZING STEERS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. RODE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Anabolic Implants ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Feedlot

In a 110-d grazing study, 75 yearling steers were left unimplanted or implanted at Day 0 with 24 mg 17β-estradiol, 36 mg zearanol, 72 mg zearanol, or 36 mg zearanol at Day 0 and 84. Within each implant group, steers were also supplemented with barley (0.5 kg head−1 d−1) with or without lasalocid (0.75 mg kg body weight−1 d−1) or were given no supplement in a 5 × 3 factorial design. Average daily gain (ADG) for all implanted steers was 17.5% greater (0.94 vs. 0.80 kg d−1) than for unimplanted steers (P < 0.01). Increasing the dosage of zearanol from 36 to 72 mg extended the time over which ADG was increased but total liveweight gain and ADG over the 110-d grazing season were similar for all implant types. A second implant of zearanol (2 × 36 mg) increased ADG during the final 26 d of the pasture phase and during the drylot period, compared with 72 mg zearanol given initially. Barley + lasalocid-supplemented steers had ADG 17.3% greater (1.02 vs. 0.87 kg d−1) than barley-supplemented steers (P < 0.01). During the following drylot phase, when no lasalocid was fed, ADG was lower (P < 0.10) for steers that had previously received lasalocid than for other groups. No interactions were observed between implant and supplement type. Thus, the anabolic implants and ionophores used in this study are additive in improving growth rate. Key words: Cattle, feedlot, grazing, lasalocid, zearanol, 17β-estradiol, growth

Response of nursery pigs to diets with increasing levels of raw peas

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Friesen ◽  
E. Kiarie ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Five corn-soybean-based diets were formulated to contain 0, 15, 20, 25, or 30% raw peas and fed for 35 d to ninety-six 21-d-old pigs. Raw peas were included at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Increasing levels of raw peas depressed daily gain (P = 0.07), feed intake (P = 0.04) from days 21 to 56. Specifically, pigs fed diet with 25% peas had 19 and 25% lower average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), respectively, than pigs fed the diet with 0% peas. The body weight (BW) was also linearly reduced (P = 0.10) on day 56. However, diets did not affect feed efficiency. Key words: Growth performance, peas, pig

Variance of body weights and daily weight gains of weaner pigs housed at various stocking densities in confinement

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
D. R. Notter ◽  
H. S. Bartlett ◽  
M. D. Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

AbstractBody weight and gain data from eight studies conducted with weaner pigs to determine the relationship between stocking density and performance were used to evaluate the effect of various stocking densities on several factors which measure variation within pens. The initial weight of the pigs ranged from 5·7 to 8·3 kg and final weight ranged from 17·7 to 32·1 kg. There were 244 pens of pigs with floor space ranging from 0·11 to 0·28 m2 per pig. Average daily gain and body weight were depressed as stocking density increased. Natural logarithms of variance, coefficients of variation and ranges of average daily gains and body weights were not increased by stocking density. Body weights and daily gains appeared equally effective in measuring variance of weaner pigs housed at various densities. These results indicate that increasing stocking density within the range of densities tested does not cause a greater variation in body-weight gains.

A comparison of drip and non-drip nipple waterers used by weanling pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Ogunbameru ◽  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Drip Water ◽  
Daily Gain

An evaluation of three waterer treatments: (1) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to drip water for 3 d postweaning; (2) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to not drip; and (3) conventional non-drip nipple waterers did not indicate significant (P > 0.05) differences in weekly and cumulative average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed per gain ratios of weanling pigs, suggesting no advantage for the use of drip waterers. Key words: Pigs, nipple drinkers, growth, feed intake, feed conversion

POTENTIAL OF TRITICALE AS A FEED FOR FINISHING HEIFERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZOBELL ◽  
L. A. GOONEWAR-DENE ◽  
D. F. ENGSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

Commercial heifers (n = 120) were randomly assigned to 12 pens (10 heifers/pen) and fed one of four grain diets in combination with barley silage and vitamin premix. Treatments were 100% barley control, 100% triticale, 50% triticale 50% barley, 25% triticale 75% barley. Treatment differences were not significant (P > 0.05) for body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed:gain (FG).ADG, FI and FG for the 100% triticale treatment were 1.24 kg d−1, 7.88 kg d−1 and 6.29 kg kg−1 respectively, while in the control they were 1.23 kg d−1, 8.03 kg d and 6.39 kg kg−1. Key words: Triticale, heifers, body weight, feed:gain

scholarly journals Do Prenatally-Conditioned Flavor Preferences Affect Consumption of Creep Feed by Piglets?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Figueroa ◽  
Ignacio Marchant ◽  
Pía Morales ◽  
Laura C. Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Conditioned Flavor

Piglets can prefer flavors that are presented to pregnant sows, hence this study intended to estimate the effect of prenatal exposure of piglets to flavors on the intake of flavored creep feed and performance. Gestational sows were fed either a flavored (garlic or aniseed; n24) or an unflavored diet (n24) from days 90 to 114 of gestation. Their litters were offered either garlic, aniseed, or unflavored creep feed during the suckling period, and its intake was measured as well as animal’s final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG). Data was analyzed taking into account the diet offered to both sows and piglets, as well as the interaction between these variables. As previous experiments have shown, flavor learning did not affect a piglet’s performance during the suckling period, finding no differences for creep feed intake, ADG, or BW according to diets (p > 0.05). Repeated exposure of piglets to previously learned flavors without clear post-ingestive benefits could nullify the strategies proposed. Moreover, milk and creep feed diets show a great reward contrast that may accelerate learning extinction. Results of the present and previous experiments suggest that current flavor continuity strategies that are proposed for pig production systems need to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Hijauan Rawa Fermentasi Terhadap Penampilan Kambing Kacang (Capra hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
A. Jaelani ◽  
T. Rostini ◽  
M. I. Zakir ◽  
Jonathan Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Blocked Design

<p>The study effect of using swamp forages fermentation to Kacang Goat performance was<br />conducted in Marabahan City from August till September 2013. This study was used an experimental method. The design used was a completely blocked design with 3 treatments and 4 Block as replications (3x4) to obtain 12 units. The Treatment are K1 (using 100% fresh forage), K2 (using silage of swamp forage), K3 (using haylage of swamp forage). The goat was average 11-14 kg body weight.ANOVA test results showed that using of swamp forages fermentation more significantly affect the feed consumption (570.8 g.goat-1.day-1), and significantly to final bodyweight (16.3 kg), but did not significantly affect to average daily gain, and feed convertion. Treatment Silage of forage swamp could be raise feed consumption and final body weight of Kacang goat.</p><p>Key words: Swamp forage, silage, haylage, Kacang goat<br /><br /></p>

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