A comparison of drip and non-drip nipple waterers used by weanling pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Ogunbameru ◽  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Drip Water ◽  
Daily Gain

An evaluation of three waterer treatments: (1) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to drip water for 3 d postweaning; (2) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to not drip; and (3) conventional non-drip nipple waterers did not indicate significant (P > 0.05) differences in weekly and cumulative average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed per gain ratios of weanling pigs, suggesting no advantage for the use of drip waterers. Key words: Pigs, nipple drinkers, growth, feed intake, feed conversion

scholarly journals Residual feed intake and relationships with performance of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lucila Sobrinho ◽  
R.H. Branco ◽  
S.F.M. Bonilha ◽  
A.M. Castilhos ◽  
L.A. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, efficiency parameters and phenotypic correlations among measurements of energy efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight and classified according to residual feed intake, calculated by the difference between observed and predicted intake, based on average metabolic body weight and average daily gain. Thus, animals were classified within three groups: high (> mean + 0.5 standard deviation, less efficient); medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean); and low (< mean - 0.5 standard deviation, more efficient) residual feed intake. No differences were observed at initial and final body weights, average daily gain and dry matter intake among groups. Animals with low residual feed intake also had greater feed efficiency, feed conversion and partial efficiency of growth and did not differ from the other animals regarding to relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Residual feed intake was significantly correlated to feed efficiency (-0.25), feed conversion (0.25), partial efficiency of growth (-0.37) and dry matter intake (0.16) but it did not present significant correlation with body weight (0.04), average daily gain (-0.02), relative growth rate (-0.03) and Kleiber ratio (-0.05). Significant correlations were found between feed conversion and initial body weight (0.34) and average daily gain (-0.46). Partial efficiency of growth presented significant correlation with all other efficiency parameters analyzed. Residual feed intake has high potential in productive efficiency, when compared to the other energy efficiency measurements, being independent of growth and size of the animals.

scholarly journals Impact of sow lactation feed intake on the growth and suckling behavior of low and average birthweight pigs to 10 weeks of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-665
Author(s):  
Samuel J Hawe ◽  
Nigel Scollan ◽  
Alan Gordon ◽  
Elizabeth Magowan
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Foster Mother ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Improved genetics in commercial pig production have resulted in larger litter sizes. However this has increased the prevalence of compromised pigs exhibiting inferior birthweights, weaning weights, and lifetime performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased sow lactation feed intake on growth of low and average birthweight piglets until 10 wk of age. Low (Low BW; &lt;1 kg) and average (Av BW; 1.3–1.7 kg) birthweight animals were reared in uniformly weighted litters comprising 14 piglets on a foster mother offered either a low (Low FA; max 7.5 kg/d) or high (High FA; max 11 kg/d) feed allowance over a 28- ± 1-d lactation. Piglet performance was monitored from birth until 10 wk of age. Sows offered a High FA consumed 42.4 kg more feed on average than those offered Low FA, resulting in a greater derived milk yield (P &lt; 0.05). Animals of Av BW remained heavier than Low BW pigs throughout the trial (P &lt; 0.05). Piglets reared by High FA sows were heavier at weeks 3, 4, 5, and 7 (P &lt; 0.05) but not week 10 (P &gt; 0.05). Growth rate of piglets relative to their birthweight was significantly greater for Low BW piglets than those of Av BW during lactation (P &lt; 0.001). Piglets reared by sows offered a High FA expressed greater relative growth preweaning (P &lt; 0.05); however, postweaning relative growth for piglets reared on sows offered a Low FA was greater (P &lt; 0.05) suggesting compensatory growth. Neither birthweight nor sow feed allowance significantly affected preweaning mortality (P &gt; 0.05). However, Low BW animals on sows with a High FA recorded half the preweaning mortality of Low BW pigs on sows with a Low FA. During week 1 of lactation, Av BW litters recorded a greater total suckling duration compared to Low BW litters (P &lt; 0.05) but there was no difference in suckling frequency (P &gt; 0.05). During week 3 of lactation, High FA litters displayed a significantly lower suckling frequency (P &lt; 0.05) yet a greater total suckling duration (P &lt; 0.001). Average daily gain was greater for Av BW pigs during weeks 4–7 (P &lt; 0.001) but no difference was recorded between weeks 7 and 10 (P &gt; 0.05). Average daily feed intake was greater for Av BW pigs throughout the nursery period (P &lt; 0.05) but feed–conversion ratio did not differ compared to Low BW pens (P&gt;0.05). In conclusion, offering sows a High FA increased weaning weight of all animals; however, birthweight was the major determinant of postweaning performance.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Viana Ferreira ◽  
Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa ◽  
Camila Schultz Marcolla ◽  
Marcos Henrique Soares ◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.

EFFECTS OF STEAM PELLETING DIETS CONTAINING TWO VARIETIES OF RAPESEED MEAL ON PIG PERFORMANCE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted during the late fall and winter months with 96 Yorkshire barrows and gilts to study the effects on pig performance of feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM) and lysine-HCl (0.1%) supplemented corn-SBM-Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn-SBM-Candle RSM diets, in the form of mash (corn was medium-ground) and steam pellets. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, efficiency of feed conversion (feed to gain ratio, F/G) and carcass backfat thickness were measured in pigs reared from 23 kg to 91 kg liveweight. The energy level in the RSM diets was not adjusted to equal that in the corn-SBM diet. Pigs fed Tower RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake and backfat thickness and pigs fed Candle RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and higher (P < 0.01) F/G compared to the pigs fed SBM. The pigs fed corn-SBM-Tower RSM had a higher (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and lower (P < 0.01) F/G ratio than those fed Candle RSM diets. Steam pelleting of the corn-SBM and corn-SBM-RSM diets improved ADG, feed intake and F/G of the pigs, with the effects being greatest for the RSM diets.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding high yielding fodders on growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal goat

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MA Alam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the feeding effect of high yielding fodders (HYF) on feed intake and growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal (HBB) goat. For this purpose, a feeding trail was conducted with 16 growing HBB kids (4 to 5 months) by dividing equally in four groups having four replicates for a period of 75 days. The goats in group T0 (control) received natural grass along with 101.30g concentrates and adlibitum cowpea hay, whereas in group T1, T2 and T3, only natural grass was replaced by BLRI Napier 3, BLRI Napier 4 and Ruzi fodder, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI), roughages DMI, crude protein intake (CP), body weight gain (kg), average daily gain (g) and forth night body weight gain (g/day) were studied. Results revealed that, DMI (288.39, 285.71, 293.48 and 301.35 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), body weight gain (3.60, 3.74, 3.73 and 3.77 kg in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), average daily gain (47.32, 49.16, 49.12 and 48.92 g in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and feed conversion ratio (6.2, 5.9, 6.0 and 6.1 in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) of HBB kids were not differed significantly (P>0.05) for all the treatment groups. The DMI from roughages (196.2, 193.5, 201.3 and 209.2 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and CP intake (38.7, 42.1, 48.3 and 38.8 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) were significantly varied (P<0.05), while highest CP intake was found in the treatment group T2. Forthnight body weight (g/day) was not significantly (P>0.05) gained with feeding of HYF for all the treatment groups. From this study, it can be concluded that, growing HBB kids could equally be supplied with either BLRI Napier 3 or BLRI Napier 4 or Ruzi fodder in addition to ad libitum cowpea hay for better voluntary feed intake and growth. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 73-81

A GnRF vaccine (Improvac®) and porcine somatotropin (Reporcin®) have synergistic effects upon growth performance in both boars and gilts

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McCauley ◽  
M. Watt ◽  
D. Suster ◽  
D. J. Kerton ◽  
W. T. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin ◽  
Daily Gain

The use of a vaccine (Improvac) directed against gonadotrophin-releasing factor (GnRF), to prevent boar taint in male pigs, is also associated with an increase in feed consumption, growth, and higher deposition of subcutaneous fat. Daily administration of porcine somatotropin (pST) consistently increases average daily gain, and feed conversion efficiency, and reduces subcutaneous fat, particularly in gilts. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of combining these treatments in boars and gilts. Forty-eight pigs (Large White × Landrace), housed individually, were used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with the respective factors being vaccination with GnRF vaccine (at 14 and 18 weeks of age), daily injection with pST (from 18 weeks to slaughter at 22 weeks), and sex (boars and gilts). Performance was measured over the period of pST administration. Over the entire 28 days of the study, daily gain was lower for gilts than for boars (1216 v. 1410 g/day, P < 0.001), was increased by pST (1219 v. 1407 g/day, P < 0.001), but not significantly altered by vaccination against GnRF (1284 v. 1342 g/day, P = 0.15). However, GnRF vaccination increased daily gain in the second 2 weeks of the study, and overall, there were interactions such that the vaccine increased gain in all groups except boars not receiving pST. Feed intake over the study period was less for gilts than for boars (3139 v. 3407 g/day, P < 0.001), was decreased by pST (3537 v. 3009 g/day, P < 0.001), and increased by vaccination against GnRF (3139 v. 3407 g/day, P < 0.001). When averaged over the entire study, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher for gilts than for boars (2.76 v. 2.51, P = 0.013), was decreased by pST (3.05 v. 2.22, P < 0.001), but unchanged by vaccination against GnRF (2.62 v. 2.65, P = 0.70). Fat deposition was lower in gilts than in boars (335 v. 378 g/day, P = 0.037), was decreased by pST treatment ((442 v. 271 g/day, P < 0.001), and increased by vaccination against GnRF (333 v. 379 g/day, P = 0.026). In boars, fat androstenone was reduced by vaccination against GnRF (0.10 v. 2.47 μg/g, P < 0.001) and tended to be reduced by pST (1.71 v. 2.44, P = 0.10), but only vaccination against GnRF reduced skatole (0.174 v. 0.050 μg/g, P < 0.001). The combination of the treatments in all cases was at least additive, and in some cases synergistic. The concomitant vaccination against GnRF and treatment with pST affords an opportunity to increase growth rate and feed intake above control levels and above those of pigs treated with either treatment alone.

scholarly journals Predicting Productive Performance in Grow-Finisher Pigs Using Birth and Weaning Body Weight

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Jordi Camp Montoro ◽  
Edgar Garcia Manzanilla ◽  
David Solà-Oriol ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to (1) investigate the effect of birth and weaning body weight (BW) on performance indicators of grow-finisher pigs and (2) estimate birth and weaning BW cut-off values in order to identify slow growing pigs (SGP). Pigs (n = 144) were classified as SMALL (0.9 ± 0.13 kg) or BIG (1.4 ± 0.20 kg) at birth and re-classified as SMALL (5.4 ± 1.6 kg) or BIG (6.3 ± 1.91 kg) at weaning. Individual BW was recorded bi-weekly, and feed intake was recorded on a daily basis. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and days to target slaughter weight (TSW) were calculated. SMALL–SMALL pigs had lower ADG (p < 0.05) requiring 167.1 days (i.e., 14.2 extra days) to TSW (p < 0.05) compared with BIG pigs at birth and/or weaning. However, FCR was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Pigs weaned at <3.7 kg BW would likely be SGP. Pigs born at ≥1.1 kg BW or weaned at ≥6.4 kg BW are more likely to reach TSW at 22 weeks of age. The results suggest that birth BW might not be the best predictor for subsequent performance, as some small-born pigs were able to catch up with their bigger counterparts. The cut-off values identified could be used to design specific management and nutritional strategies for SGP.

EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF PIGS FED STEAM-PELLETED RAPESEED MEAL DIETS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI ◽  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted during the spring and summer months with 96 Yorkshire barrows and gilts, to study the effects of feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM), corn-SBM-Tower rapeseed (RSM) and corn-SBM-Candle RSM diets, in the form of mash and steam-processed pellets on average daily gain (ADG), efficiency of feed conversion (feed to gain ratio) F/G), average daily feed intake and carcass backfat thickness of pigs reared from 23 kg to 91 kg liveweight. Tower RSM or Candle RSM at the 15% level in corn-SBM based diets did not result in any adverse effects on ADG, feed intake or backfat thickness, but did increase F/G (P < 0.05). There were no differences in F/G between pigs fed Tower RSM and Candle RSM diets. Steam pelleting enhanced ADG (P < 0.01) and F/G (P < 0.05) across all three diets, but did not affect feed intake or backfat thickness. Barrows had higher (P < 0.01) ADG and backfat thickness than gilts, but did not differ in feed intake or F/G.

EFFECT OF FLOOR TYPE ON THE SEVERITY OF FOOT LESIONS AND OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN SWINE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BRENNAN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Ulna ◽  
Expanded Metal ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixty-seven pigs were weaned at 5 wk of age and assigned to pens with either plastic-coated expanded metal or woven-wire floorings. The feet of each pig were examined at weaning and at the end of a 28-d starter period for soundness. Eleven gilts which had been on plastic-coated flooring and 12 gilts which had been on woven-wire flooring were moved at the end of the starter period to 1.2 × 1.2-m pens with the same floor types. These pigs were fed ad libitum until slaughter at 94 kg bodyweight. At weaning, the incidence of foot lesions was only 7%. Floor type did not have any significant (P > 0.05) effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed:gain ratios of pigs during the starter (8–22 kg), grower (22–55 kg) or finisher (55–94 kg) periods. Foot lesions were most severe (P < 0.01) in starter pigs which were penned on woven-wire flooring. There was also a tendency (P < 0.06) towards more severe hind-toe lesions in 94-kg gilts which were penned on woven-wire flooring. In general, the lateral digits of the feet of these gilts had more severe lesions (P < 0.01) than the medial digits. The severity of osteochondrosis of the condyles of the femur and humerus, of the articular cartilage of the proximal ulna and radius and of the distal ulnar physis were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by floor type. The influence of floor type on the locomotory system appeared therefore to be confined to local foot abrasions and did not extend to the knee and elbow joints. Key words: Swine, floor, foot, lesion, osteochondrosis

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