The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 8. Lepidium latifolium L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardath Francis ◽  
Suzanne I Warwick
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Lepidium Latifolium ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Hay Meadows

The cruciferous weed Lepidium latifolium, perennial pepper-grass, is a relatively recent immigrant with a disjunct distribution in North America. Although first reported in the 1930s in Quebec and 1940s in Alberta, L. latifolium only started to attract attention as an invasive weed when it began to spread rapidly in the western parts of its US range in the 1980s, reaching British Columbia in the 1990s. Lepidium latifolium is a perennial weed of coastal wetlands, inland waterways, irrigation ditches, rangeland, hay meadows and waste areas, and tolerates saline/alkaline environments. Prolific seed production, rapid and substantial vegetative growth, creeping rhizomes with high storage capacity, potential for bud production at each node, and deep rhizome penetration have contributed to the widespread establishment of L. latifolium. Canopy height and density, combined with an accumulation of dead stalks in wetlands, has interfered with the regeneration of native plants and the habitats of birds and other animals, as well as hampering control of mosquitoes. In rangelands and pastures, L. latifolium can compete with native species and reduce forage quality. Lepidium latifolium has recently invaded agricultural crops such as cereal grains and alfalfa, and can contaminate hay shipments. Decaying litter may increase sodium content in surface soil, with a potential negative impact on salt-intolerant species. Lepidium latifolium has few natural enemies in North America. It has been partially controlled by flooding, intensive grazing, mowing and herbicides, but herbicides are of restricted use along waterways and in areas with native vegetation. Potential biological controls have shown little promise to date. Key words: Lepidium latifolium, perennial pepper-grass, perennial pepperweed, lépidie à feuilles larges, LEPLA, weed biology, invasive alien

scholarly journals Host Range and Impact of Dichrorampha aeratana, the First Potential Biological Control Agent for Leucanthemum vulgare in North America and Australia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Sonja Stutz ◽  
Rosemarie De Clerck-Floate ◽  
Hariet L. Hinz ◽  
Alec McClay ◽  
Andrew J. McConnachie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Choice Tests

We evaluated the potential of the European root-feeding moth Dichrorampha aeratana as a biological control agent for the invasive weed Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) in North America and Australia. The taxonomic proximity of the ornamental Shasta daisy (Leucanthemum × superbum) to L. vulgare and its popularity in North America made finding sufficiently host-specific biological control agents a challenge. No-choice tests conducted with 74 non-target species revealed partial or complete larval development on 11 species. In multiple-choice oviposition and larval development tests that were conducted in field cages, larvae were found on five of these, however in multiple-choice tests conducted under open-field conditions, larvae were only found on the ornamentals Shasta daisy and creeping daisy (Mauranthemum paludosum). Larval feeding by D. aeratana had no measurable impact on Shasta daisy, but larval feeding and plant competition reduced the biomass and number of flower heads of L. vulgare. We conclude that D. aeratana is a suitable biological control agent because it will not affect the ornamental value of Shasta or creeping daisies and because it is unlikely to feed on any other economically important or native species. We also expect D. aeratana to contribute to the suppression of L. vulgare populations.

scholarly journals Tritrophic Interactions Between an Invasive Weed (Lepidium latifolium), an Insect Herbivore (Bagrada hilaris), and a Plant Pathogenic Fungus (Albugo lepidii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Tofangsazi ◽  
Brian N Hogg ◽  
Scott L Portman ◽  
Paul D Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lepidium Latifolium ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Economic Pest ◽  
Plant Fungal Pathogen

Abstract Perennial pepperweed, Lepidium latifolium L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), is an invasive weed that can form dense stands and displace native species. Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious economic pest of Brassicaceae vegetable crops. Bagrada bug also feeds on L. latifolium and may interact with the plant fungal pathogen Albugo lepidii S.I. (Peronosporales: Albuginaceae) to affect biological control of L. latifolium. A series of laboratory experiments, including Y-tube olfactometer and host-choice tests, were conducted to investigate B. hilaris host-preference behavior. Adults were attracted to the odor of healthy L. latifolium compared with A. lepidii-infected leaves. Bagrada hilaris consistently preferred to feed on healthy L. latifolium when offered both healthy and A. lepidii-infected plants. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of A. lepidii-infected L. latifolium on B. hilaris survival and development. Survival of all B. hilaris immature stages and adults was markedly reduced for those reared on A. lepidii-infected leaves. Total development time and stage-specific development were faster on healthy L. latifolium leaves compared with A. lepidii-infected leaves. In addition, the ability of B. hilaris adults to passively transmit the rust was studied. Our data demonstrated that B. hilaris could acquire the rust spores while feeding, but it did not passively transmit the pathogen to healthy plants.

scholarly journals Cucumis anguria (west Indian gherkin).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
West Indian ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Invasive Weed

Abstract Cucumis anguria is a vine native to southern Africa, now cultivated across tropical and subtropical regions. As it can readily self-seed, it has escaped cultivation and become naturalized. It is an aggressive weed, outcompeting native species for space and resources. Stems usually sprawl over the ground, but can also climb into other plants for support, attaching themselves by means of tendrils. This species is regarded as an invasive weed in parts of North America, Australia, Anguilla, Costa Rica, Argentina and the French Polynesia and is a serious weed in peanut fields in the southern USA.

scholarly journals Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Therriault ◽  
Leif-Matthias Herborg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Therriault, T. W., and Herborg, L-M. 2008. Predicting the potential distribution of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: informing a risk assessment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 788–794. A crucial step in characterizing the potential risk posed by non-native species is determining whether a potential invader can establish in the introduced range and what its potential distribution could be. To this end, various environmental models ranging from simple to complex have been applied to predict the potential distribution of an invader, with varying levels of success. Recently, in marine waters, tunicates have received much attention, largely because of their negative impacts on shellfish aquaculture. One of these species is the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis, which recently has had a negative impact on aquaculture operations in Atlantic Canada and could pose a risk in Pacific Canada. To inform the risk assessment of this species, we evaluated two different types of environmental model. Simple models based on reported temperature or salinity tolerances were relatively uninformative, because almost all waters were deemed suitable. In contrast, a more complex genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (GARP) environmental niche model, based on documented Canadian occurrence points, provided informative projections of the potential distribution in Canadian waters. In addition to informing risk assessments, these predictions can be used to focus monitoring activities, particularly towards vectors that could transport C. intestinalis to these favourable environments.

Effect of phenology on agonistic competitive interactions between invasive and native sheet-web spiders

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Houser ◽  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Howard S. Ginsberg ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Very High

The phenologies of introduced relative to native species can greatly influence the degree and symmetry of competition between them. The European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Linyphiidae) reaches very high densities in coastal Maine (USA). Previous studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively affects native linyphiid species, with competition for webs as one mechanism. We documented phenological differences between L. triangularis and three native species that illustrate the potential for the reversal of size-based competitive advantage over the course of the year. To test whether relative size influences interaction outcome, we allowed a resident spider to build a web and then introduced an intruder. We examined whether the outcomes of agonistic interactions over the webs were influenced by the species of the resident (invasive or native), the relative size of the contestants, and the species × size interaction. We found that the importance of relative size differed among species. In interactions between L. triangularis and each of two native species, size played a greater role than resident species on the outcome of interactions, suggesting that competitive advantage reverses over the season based on phenology-related size differences. Linyphia triangularis had a negative impact on the third species regardless of relative size.

scholarly journals North American channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: a neglected but potentially invasive freshwater fish species?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1563-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Gordon H. Copp ◽  
Iva Johović ◽  
Paride Balzani ◽  
Alberto F. Inghilesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
North American ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North And South

AbstractThe North American channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been introduced to several locations in Europe but has received little or no scientific study despite its invasive attributes, including prolific reproduction, tolerance to a wide range of conditions, opportunistic feeding, at least partial ‘predator release’, and some evidence of environmental impacts (e.g. disease transmission). To assess the species’ potential invasiveness and the likely risks to native species and ecosystems in Europe, available literature from both North America and Europe was reviewed and used to carry out risk screenings of the species for the risk assessment areas, North and South Italy, using the Aquatic Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), which was followed by a more detailed evaluation (for both North America and Europe) of the species’ potential impacts using the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) assessment protocol. The AS-ISK score indicated that channel catfish is likely to pose a high risk of being invasive in both North and South Italy, with EICAT scores indicating “Major” impacts for both North America and Europe, at high and medium confidence levels, respectively. The present results emphasise the urgent need to carry out in-depth studies on introduced populations of this species to understand better its invasive potential so as to inform management decisions on the appropriate control or eradication measures for invaded water bodies.

History of the Larch Sawfly, with Notes on Origin and Biology,

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel ◽  
K. Leius
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forest Biology

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichronii (Htg.), is currently considered a major forest insect pest in Canada. At the present time within Canada, the sawfly reacts to parasitism by Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley in two ways. In Manitoba and Saslratchewan the sawfly encapsulates approximately 100 per cent of the parasite eggs deposited, whereas in British Columbia encapsulation rarely exceeds four per cent (Muldrew, 1953). The reasons for the difference in degree of encapsulation are apparently unknown; however, since the origin of the sawfly itself is obscure, the possibility exists that a native species, an introduced species, Or a combination of both may he present, or that geographical or ecological units may have arisen. Studies now under way by officers of the Forest Biology and Entomology divisions are attacking the problem of identity and origin following the pattern established for the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.). In this instance, as with the larch sawfly, parasites were introduced on the assumption that the pest had been introduced from Europe. Critical investigations by Reeks (1941) and Balch, Reeks, and Smith (1941), involving morphological, cytological, and other biological characters, showed that the species occurring in North America was one of two species common in Europe, and previously referred to there as Gilpinia polytoma (Htg.). Balch et al. (1941) showed that D. hercyniae had been introduced into North America.

First Report of Powdery Mildew of Platanus occidentalis caused by Microsphaera platani (Erysiphe platani) in Washington State

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Glawe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
First Report ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis

American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) is a common native species in eastern North America and is planted widely as a landscape tree in other regions. During a survey of powdery mildew diseases in Washington State, the fungus Microsphaera platani Howe was found on American sycamore trees in Madison Park, Seattle. This report documents the presence of M. platani in Washington State and presents information on the fungus. Accepted for publication 30 July 2003. Published 18 August 2003.

scholarly journals Exploring Perceived Well-Being from Urban Parks: Insights from a Megacity in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7586
Author(s):  
Andrea Parra-Saldívar ◽  
Sebastián Abades ◽  
Juan L. Celis-Diez ◽  
Stefan Gelcich
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Urbanization has impacted biodiversity and ecosystems at a global scale. At the same time, it has been recognized as a driver of the physical and emotional gap between humans and nature. The lack of direct contact with nature can have a negative impact on several aspects of human well-being and change knowledge and attitudes of people towards the environment. However, this phenomenon is still poorly understood in megacities outside developed countries. Here, we explore the relationship between ecological knowledge and self-reported well-being in an important urban park in Santiago, Chile. We conducted semi-structured surveys of park users to explore their beliefs, preferences, ecological knowledge of plants and birds, and self-reported well-being. Citizens associated urban parks mainly with “nature,” and particularly with the presence of trees and plants. Trees were recognized as the most relevant elements of urban parks; in turn, birds were ranked as the less relevant. Regarding formal ecological knowledge, respondents correctly identified an average of 2.01 plants and 2.44 birds out of a total of 10 for each taxon, and exotic species were more likely to be recognized. Park users also reported high scores for self-reported well-being. Interestingly, variance of self-reported well-being scores tended to increase at low levels of ecological knowledge of trees, but no significant relationship was detected with knowledge of birds, nor native species. Ecological knowledge of trees was positively related to self-reported well-being. Results suggest that parks can positively contribute to bring people closer to nature in middle-income countries. Improving ecological knowledge can be critical to restore the relationship between humans and nature in megacities.

scholarly journals Growth of tropical tree species and absorption of copper in soil artificially contaminated

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Silva ◽  
R. Andreazza ◽  
C. Da Ros ◽  
A. Dellai ◽  
R. J. S. Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Tropical Tree Species ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Copper Contaminated ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Reclamation of copper contaminated sites using forest species may be an efficient alternative to reduce the negative impact. The aim of this study was to quantify the growth and evaluate the quality of seedlings of native species at different doses of copper in the soil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven replications in a factorial arrangement (3×9), using three indigenous species of plants (Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Mimosa scabrella and Apuleia leiocarpa) and nine doses of copper in the soil (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 mg kg–1).The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse which the seedlings were grown for 180 days. The experimental units were plastic pots of 125 cm3 filled with Oxisol. The results indicated that the levels of copper applied to the soil decreased the quality of seedlings and growth of Apuleia leiocarpato a lesser extent compared with Mimosa scabrella and Anadenanthera macrocarpa. Anadenanthera macrocarpa was the forest species that resulted in the lowest copper translocation from roots to shoots. In addition, the Apuleia leiocarpa exhibited high resistance and tolerance for copper in the soil and also, it is highlighted an ability for copper phytoremediation.

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