The relationship between frost tolerance and generative induction in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Bergjord ◽  
A K Bakken ◽  
A O Skjelvåg
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Nature

The quantitative nature of the vernalization and photoperiod requirements and the interference of plant age with these mechanisms complicate predictions of generative induction and its relation to frost tolerance. This study was designed to dissect further the course of development towards full generative induction and to time the stages in frost tolerance. Two cultivars of winter wheat were regularly sampled from fields at four sites during three winters. The apex stage of development was observed at time of sampling and after 3 subsequent weeks of growth at 18°C, under either short or long days. Level of frost tolerance at sampling was also recorded. No visible change in apex appearance was found at time of sampling, but readiness of plants to initiate generative development was enhanced. Vernalization by low temperatures alone was not enough to induce the plants into generative development or initiate loss of frost tolerance. Short day conditions after sampling delayed the appearance of double ridges by 6-9 wk as compared with long day conditions. The timing of maximum frost tolerance and its subsequent decrease indicated that generative induction under the short day conditions prevailing in field occurred about 1 mo after vernalization saturation.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., frost tolerance, generative induction, vernalization, photoperiod

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the inheritance of a high development rate in the Rimax and Rico lines of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
B. V. Rigin ◽  
Е. V. Zuev ◽  
А. S. Andreeva ◽  
I. I. Matvienko ◽  
Z. S. Pyzhenkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Early Ripening

Background. Development of early-ripening spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars is an important task for Russian breeders. Knowledge of the genetics of ultraearly varieties – sources of valuable genes that determine an earlier-maturing type of plant development –will be used to work out methods for obtaining source material for breeding.Materials and methods. The ultra-early lines Rico (k65588, var. erythrospermum Koern.) and Rimax (k-67257, var. lutescens (Alef.) Mansf.), and cvs. ‘Max’ (k-57181, var. lutescens) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ (k-64900, var. lutescens) were studied. Alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by PCR according to known publications, and genomic DNA was isolated from 3-day-old seedlings by the CTAB method.Results. In the environments of Northwest Russia, the Rimax and Rico lines are characterized by the highest rate of development before heading among the spring wheat accessions from the VIR collection. In the Rimax and Rico genotypes, the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1 genes were found. Genotypes with different alleles of Ppd-D1 and Vrn-B1 were identified in the Rimax line. Under conditions of a long day (18 hours), in the population of F2  (F3 ) Rico × Rimax hybrids, the ratio of phenotypes with a high development rate to all others was observed as 1 : 15 (χ2 1: 15 = 0.64). Under a short day (12 hours), 5 clearly tested groups were identified in F2 with the ratio 1 : 4 : 6 : 4 : 1 (χ2  = 3.03; χ2 0.05 = 9.48), which indicates the manifestation of cumulative polymerization.Conclusion. Each of the Rimax and Rico lines has two pairs of independent duplicated genes that determine a high development rate. Under short-day conditions, these genes can interact like cumulative polymers. The Rimax and Rico lines, due to their high development rate, are valuable source material to be used in breeding for earliness.

scholarly journals Interaction of VRN and PPD genes in the regulation of the development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
V. V. Zhmurko
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wheat Development ◽  
Dominant Genes

Aim. To reveal the effects of the VRN and PPD genes on the rate of development of winter wheat in absence of vernalization and after its completion with different durations of the photoperiod. Methods. Winter-type development lines of the Mironovskaya 808 variety, isogenic with respect to the PPD genes. VRN genes are recessive in all lines. Plants were grown under the conditions of a growing experiment from non-vernalized seeds (1 group of all lines), and also after vernalization (2 group of all lines) at 20-22°C. Both groups were grown under long (18 hours) and short (9 hours) photoperiods. The pace of development was determined by the timing of the transition of plants to spiking. Results. In the absence of vernalization on a short day, isogenic lines with dominant genes PPD-D1a and PPD-B1a and cultivar (all genes are PPD recessive) passed to earing, and the line with the dominant PPD-A1a gene remained in the tillering phase until the end of the experiment. On a long day, all investigated lines and cultivar did not spike until the end of the experiment (200 days). After vernalization was completed, all the studied lines under the conditions of a short photoperiod were earing later than on a long day, but the line with the dominant PPD-B1a gene was the latest. Conclusions. The VRN and PPD genes interact in the regulation of winter wheat development - they are “interchangeable” in terms of developmental effects depending on a combination of temperature and photoperiodic conditions. Keywords: winter wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), vernalization, photoperiod, development rates, VRN and PPD genes.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Barbara Drygaś
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. competition with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. MCLENNAN ◽  
R. ASHFORD ◽  
M. D. DEVINE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cirsium Arvense
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