Seed traits evaluation from long-term selection of kernel oil concentration in a high-oil maize population KYHO

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-866
Author(s):  
Wang Hong-Wu ◽  
Hu Hai-Xiao ◽  
Song Tong-Ming ◽  
Chen Shao-Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Selection Of

Wang, H.-W., Hu, H.-X., Song, T.-M. and Chen, S.-J. 2012. Seed traits evaluation from long-term selection of kernel oil concentration in a high-oil maize population KYHO. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 857–866. A high-oil maize population, KYHO, was developed over 10 generations by selective breeding for increased kernel oil content (KOC). The objectives of this study were to evaluate kernel oil selection effects, and measure the trait changes and genetic variance in the embryo and endosperm. Oil, protein, and starch content in the embryo and endosperm were estimated by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Mass and volume of embryo and endosperm were measured. Selective breeding increased embryo oil content (EMOC) and endosperm oil content (ENOC), especially EMOC, which changed from 315.62 g kg−1C0 to 592.54 g kg−1C10, resulting in an increase in total embryo and endosperm oil content (EEOC) from 43.32 g kg−1C0 to 139.95 g kg−1C10. With selection for increase in EEOC, embryo protein content (EMPC) decreased slightly; however, endosperm protein content (ENPC) and total protein content (EEPC) increased significantly. Embryo and endosperm starch content (EMSC and ENSC) and total starch content (EESC) all decreased substantially with selection. One hundred embryo mass (EMM) was not notably changed with selection, but 100 embryo volume (EMV) increased significantly. Mass and volume of endosperm (ENM and ENV) and total mass and volume of embryo and endosperm (EEM and EEV) all decreased significantly with selection, possibly due to markedly decreased starch content. Linear regression analysis indicated with each 1 g kg−1EEOC increase, EMOC, ENOC, ENPC, EEPC, EMM, and EMV increased 2.74 g kg−1, 0.16 g kg−1, 0.38 g kg−1, 0.36 g kg−1, 0.06 g, and 0.20 mL, respectively, and EMPC, EMSC, ENSC, EESC, EEM, ENM, EEV, and ENV decreased 0.04 g kg−1, 1.48 g kg−1, 0.60 g kg−1, 1.09 g kg−1, 1.26 g, 1.32 g, 0.97 g, and 1.17 mL, rspectively.

Effects of Long-Term Selection for Kernel Oil Concentration in KYHO, a High-Oil Maize Population

Crop Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wu Wang ◽  
Bang-Yang Wu ◽  
Tong-Ming Song ◽  
Shao-Jiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Term Selection ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Potential of the ESA23B maize population for protein and oil content improvement

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Mittelmann ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho ◽  
Gustavo Júlio Mello Monteiro de Lima ◽  
Claudete Hara-Klein ◽  
Ricardo Takao Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Selection Of

Among the traits that may add commercial value to maize (Zea mays L.), those related to nutritional quality, specially protein and oil content, are of great interest to the feed industry. The objective of this work was studying the variability of protein and oil content, as well as yield, in a group of maize testcrosses. One hundred and twenty S1 families of the ESA23B maize population were crossed with two testers, an open-pollinated population (BR108) and an exotic line (CML269). Testcrosses were evaluated at two locations under a completely randomized block design with three replications. Ear and grain yield, protein and oil content were evaluated. The three-way interaction location x tester x progeny was significant for all traits, except for oil content. Differences among progenies were detected for all traits. Testcross means varied from 8.40% to 11.82% for protein content and from 3.77% to 5.10% for oil content. Hybrids with similar or superior means to the best check were identified for protein content, ear yield, and grain yield. Estimates of the interpopulation additive variance ranged from 0.553 to 1.124 for protein content; 0.034 to 0.057 for oil content (percent data); 132.13 to 521.74 for ear yield and 116.33 to 381.73 for grain yield (data in grams per plant). The population ESA23B can potentially be improved for all the traits studied. Associations among traits were weak, thus concomitant selection of quality and yield can be feasible.

scholarly journals Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield and yield stability of different maize genotypes

2012 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Ágnes Krivián ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Long Term Experiment

The yielding capacity and quality parameters of 11 maize hybrids were studied in 2011 on calcareous chernozem soil in a 25-year long-term fertilization experiment in the control (without fertilization), in the base treatment of N 40 kg ha-1, P2O5 25 kg ha-1, K2O 30 kg ha-1 and in five treatments which were the multiplied doses of the base treatment. The N fertilizer was applied in the autumn and in the spring, while P and K fertilizers were applied in the autumn.The sowing time was 17–18 April, the time of harvest was 8 October. The 30-year average of precipitation (April–Sept) was 345.1 mm, the amount of precipitation did not differ greatly from that, however, its distribution was very unfavourable.It was found that the largest yield increment (as compared to the control) was in the treatment N 40 kg ha-1, P2O5 25 kg ha-1, K2O 30 kg ha-1 in the long-term experiment. The largest yields were obtained for the hybrids P9494, PR37N01 and PR35F38 (13.64–13.71 t ha-1). Due to the dry period at the end of the summer – beginning of autumn, the grain moisture content at harvest was favourably low, 12–18% depending on the treatment and the growing season. The N fertilization significantly increased the protein content of the kernel, but the starch content of the kernel decreased (significantly in several cases) with increasing fertilizer doses and yields as compared with the control.The highest protein content was measured in hybrids GK Boglár and Szegedi 386. The oil content was above 4% for GK Boglár, but the two hybrids were not among the best yielding hybrids in spite of their good inner content. The starch content was around 75 % without fertilization, it decreased with fertilization.For the tested hybrids, the fertilizer dose N 120 kg ha-1, P2O5 75 kg ha-1, K2O 90 kg ha-1 can be recommended with respect to efficacy and environmental considerations.

Individuals, hierarchies and processes: towards a more complete evolutionary theory

Paleobiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth S. Vrba ◽  
Niles Eldredge
Keyword(s):  
Downward Causation ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Interlevel Causation ◽  
Selection Of

Hierarchy is a central phenomenon of life. Yet it does not feature as such in traditional biological theory. The genealogical hierarchy is a nested organization of entities at ascending levels. There are phenomena common to all levels: (1) Entities such as genomic constituents, organisms, demes, and species are individuals. (2) They have aggregate characters (statistics of characters of subparts), but also emergent characters (arising from organization among subparts). Character variation changes by (3) introduction of novelty and (4) sorting by differential birth and death. Causation of introduction and sorting of variation at each level may be (5) upward from lower levels, (6) downward from higher levels, or (7) lodged at the focal level. The term “selection” applies to only one of the possible processes which cause sorting at a focal level. Neo-Darwinian explanations are too narrow, both in the levels (of genotypes and phenotypes) and in the directive process (selection) which are stressed. The acknowledgment of additional, hierarchical phenomena does not usually extend beyond lip service. We urge that interlevel causation should feature centrally in explanatory hypotheses of evolution. For instance, a ready explanation for divergence in populations is “selection of random mutants.” But upward causation from genome dynamics (or downward causation from the hierarchical organism) to the directed introduction of mutants may be more important in a given case. Similarly, a long-term trend is traditionally explained as additive evolution in populations. But sorting among species may be the cardinal factor, and the cause may not be species selection but upward causation from lower levels. A general theory of biology is a theory of hierarchical levels—how they arise and interact. This is a preliminary contribution mainly to the latter question.

scholarly journals Optimum selection intensities in artificial selection programmes: an experimental evaluation

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frankham
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYAn experimental evaluation of Robertson's (1970) theory concerning optimum intensities of selection for selection of varying durations has been carried out using published results from a long term selection study in Drosophila. Agreement of predicted rankings of treatments with expectations was excellent for low values of t/T (generations/total number scored) but poor for larger values of t/T. This was due to the 20% selection intensity treatments responding worse than expected and the 40% treatments relatively better than expected. Several possible reasons for the discrepancies exist but the most likely explanation is considered to be the greater reduction in effective population size due to selection in treatments with more intense selection.

scholarly journals The plant nutrition impact on the quality and quantity parameters of maize hybrids grain yield based on different statistical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
S. M. Nasir Mousavi ◽  
Csaba Bojtor ◽  
Janos Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

AbstractIn recent years, producers of agricultural products have increased the use of chemical fertilizers per unit area. The goal of this research was to analyze the interaction of genotype in treatment (NPK fertilizer) on grain yield, protein content, oil content, and the starch content on 13 maize hybrids using analysis by the model of additive and multiplier effects AMMI and to evaluate genotypes, treatments, and their interactions using biplot in Hungary. Treatments include NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O: 0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P2O5: 23 kg/ha, K2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P2O5: 69 kg/ha, K2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ha, P2O5: 92 kg/ha, K2O: 108 kg/ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P2O5: 115 kg/ha, K2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design in 2019. The NPK fertilizer effects indicate that the fertilizers are different on yield genotype. AMMI analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, treatment, and the interaction effect of genotype * treatment at one percent. Besides, the maximum yield had Loupiac and NPK3 on grain yield, Loupiac and NPK2 on oil content, P0023, and NPK3 for starch content, DKC 3/ES4725 (DKC4725) and NPK3 for protein content. Also, GGE biplot analysis indicates that had maximum grain yield in Loupiac, protein content in P9978, oil content in MV Maronetta, and starch content in Sushi.

scholarly journals Protein, weight, and oil prediction by single-seed near-infrared spectroscopy for selection of seed quality and yield traits in pea (Pisum sativum).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Hacisalihoglu ◽  
Jelani Freeman ◽  
Paul R. Armstrong ◽  
Brad W. Seabourn ◽  
Lyndon D. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Pea (Pisum sativum) is a prevalent cool season crop that produces seeds valued for high protein content. Modern cultivars have incorporated several traits that improved harvested yield. However, progress toward improving seed quality has received less emphasis, in part due to the lack of tools for easily and rapidly measuring seed traits. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of single-seed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measuring pea seed weight, protein, and oil content. A total of 96 diverse pea accessions were analyzed using both single-seed NIRS and wet chemistry methods. To demonstrate field relevance, the single-seed NIRS protein prediction model was used to determine the impact of seed treatments and foliar fungicides on protein content of harvested dry peas in a field trial. Results: External validation of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models showed high prediction accuracy for protein and weight (R2 = 0.94 for both) and less accuracy for oil (R2 = 0.75). Single seed weight was not significantly correlated with protein or oil content in contrast to previous reports. In the field study, the single-seed NIRS predicted protein values were within 1% of an independent analytical reference measurement and were sufficiently precise to detect small treatment effects. Conclusion: The high accuracy of protein and weight estimation show that single-seed NIRS could be used in the dual selection of high protein, high weight peas early in the breeding cycle allowing for faster genetic advancement toward improved pea nutritional quality.

scholarly journals The Central Role of PDR1 in the Foundation of Yeast Drug Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 282 (7) ◽  
pp. 5063-5074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne Fardeau ◽  
Gaëlle Lelandais ◽  
Andrew Oldfield ◽  
Hélène Salin ◽  
Sophie Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Dna Binding Properties ◽  
Early Drug ◽  
Selection Of

The widespread pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) phenomenon is well described as the long term selection of genetic variants expressing constitutively high levels of membrane transporters involved in drug efflux. However, the transcriptional cascades leading to the PDR phenotype in wild-type cells are largely unknown, and the first steps of this phenomenon are poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the establishment of an efficient PDR response in budding yeast. We show that within a few minutes of drug sensing yeast elicits an effective PDR response, involving tens of PDR genes. This early PDR response (ePDR) is highly dependent on the Pdr1p transcription factor, which is also one of the major genetic determinants of long term PDR acquisition. The activity of Pdr1p in early drug response is not drug-specific, as two chemically unrelated drugs, benomyl and fluphenazine, elicit identical, Pdr1p-dependent, ePDR patterns. Our data also demonstrate that Pdr1p is an original stress response factor, the DNA binding properties of which do not depend on the presence of drugs. Thus, Pdr1p is a promoter-resident regulator involved in both basal expression and rapid drug-dependent induction of PDR genes.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of selected winter green pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Cervenski ◽  
Dario Danojevic ◽  
Aleksandra Savic
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Fatty Oil

Breeding and selection of winter pea for seed quality is a serious challenge to every breeder. The result of breeding mainly depends on good knowledge of the genetic material. Chemical and technological analysis is necessary for an accurate determination of the following traits of technologically mature seed of the winter pea collection: protein content, total nitrogen content, total sugars content, starch content, fatty oil content, cellulose content, and ash content (g (100 g)-1). The protein content in the tested lines of pea was in the range 22.86?28.04 g (100 g)-1, the total nitrogen content 3.66?4.49 g (100 g)-1, total sugars content 10.30?14.67 g (100 g)-1, starch content 39.44?46.23 g (100 g)-1, fatty oil content 1.48?1.89 g (100 g)-1, cellulose content 8.79?10.28 g (100 g)-1 and ash content 3.08?3.67 g (100 g)-1. PCA analysis was used to identify the three components that collectively explained 81.59 % of the total variation. The first component was mainly defined by the ash and the total nitrogen, protein and cellulose contents. The second one, independent from the first one, was mainly correlated to the fatty oil and starch contents, while the third was defined by the content of total sugars.

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