ADDITIONAL HOST PLANTS OF CLOVER PHYLLODY IN CANADA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. CHIYKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Clover Phyllody

Symptoms were observed on 35 out of 74 plant species, in 15 families inoculated with clover phyllody by the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal)). Symptomatology for some of the hosts is described and illustrated. There were differences in numbers of plants infected, length of time for symptom development, and numbers of insects surviving on the various species of plants, but these were not correlated. Although the clover phyllody agent was transmitted to asters from 17 of 19 infected plant species the number of leafhoppers that became inoculative varied considerably depending on the source plant species.

SOME HOST PLANTS OF A CANADIAN ISOLATE OF THE CLOVER PHYLLODY VIRUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Chiykowski
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Canadian Isolate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clover Phyllody

Clover phyllody symptoms appeared on 34 species of plants in 13 families inoculated by infective Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål) or Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank). Forty-five other species of plants in 12 families showed no infection although they were inoculated by insects shown to be infective by subsequent transmission to aster. M. fascifrons also transmitted CPV from 17 of 18 infected species tested. Characteristic symptoms on infected plants of some of the species are described and illustrated.Efficiency of transmission and the ability to survive on a wide range of plant species demonstrates the importance of M. fascifrons as a vector for host range studies.

Oviposition Behavior and Development of Aster Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Selected Host Plants From the Canadian Prairies

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2695-2704
Author(s):  
Berenice Romero ◽  
Chrystel Olivier ◽  
Tyler Wist ◽  
Sean M Prager
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Aster Leafhopper

Abstract Some plant pathogens are capable of manipulating their insect vectors and plant hosts in a way that disease transmission is enhanced. Aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the main vector of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) in the Canadian Prairies, which causes Aster Yellows (AY) disease in over 300 plant species including cereals and oilseeds. However, little is known about the host range of Aster leafhoppers or their host-choice selection behavior in this geographical region. Several crop and noncrop species commonly found in the Canadian Prairies were evaluated as food and reproductive hosts for Aster leafhoppers through no-choice bioassays. To study possible effects of pathogen infection, AY-uninfected and AY-infected insects were used. Cereals and some noncrops like fleabane were suitable reproductive hosts for Aster leafhoppers, with numbers of offspring observed in treatments using both AY-uninfected and AY-infected insects, suggesting an egg-laying preference on these plant species. Development was similar across the different plant species, except for canola and sowthistle, where growth indexes were lower. Sex-ratios of Aster leafhopper adults did not differ among the plant species or with respect to AY infection. Potential fecundity differed across plant species and was affected by the infection status of the insect. These findings have implications for AY epidemiology and suggest that while cereals can be suitable host plants for Aster leafhopper oviposition and development, some noncrop species could act as alternate hosts for leafhoppers that migrate into the Canadian Prairies before emergence of cereal and canola crops.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

Transmission characteristics and host range of the clover yellow edge agent

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Chiykowski
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Transmission Characteristics

A disease of clover, designated as clover yellow edge (CYE), was transmitted by Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank) but not by the leafhoppers Scaphytopius acutus (Say), Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), Agallia constricta Van Duzee, and Agallia quadripunctata Prov. or a Cercopid sp. Transmission by A. bicinctus, given various acquisition access periods on infected clover as nymphs, increased from 29% for 1 day to 67% for 14 days for females and from 42% for 1 day to 72% for 14 days for males. When leafhoppers were given similar acquisition access periods as adults, transmission ranged from 5% for 1 day to 24% for 14 days for females and from 25% for 1 day to 33% for 14 days for males. Inoculative female leafhoppers, given inoculation access periods ranging from 0.5 h to 96 h, began transmitting with 1-h feeds (29%) and reached a maximum with 96-h feeds (88%). Inoculative males began transmitting with 8-h feeds (50%) and reached a maximum with 48-h feeds (83%), the longest time tested. The average preinfective period for female and male leafhoppers tested individually was 42.2 days and 40.1 days, respectively. Once an insect became inoculative, it continued to transmit until death.Of the 31 plant species in 12 families tested as hosts of the clover yellow edge agent (CYEA). 15 species in 6 families developed symptoms. The most commonly observed symptoms were chlorosis or yellowing of leaf margins and reduction in the size of flowers and leaves. Aphrodes bicinctus transmitted CYEA to clover from eight of eight infected plant species tested as source hosts.

Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Badii ◽  
M.K. Billah ◽  
K. Afreh-Nuamah ◽  
D. Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Fruit Samples

An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in protected natural areas of Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Ivana Marić ◽  
Irena Međo ◽  
Slobodan Jovanović ◽  
Radmila Petanović ◽  
Dejan Marčić
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
New Hosts

Despite economic importance of Tetranychidae, knowledge regarding diversity of spider mites in the Balkan Peninsula and Southeast Europe is incomplete, especially in protected natural areas. This study presents diversity of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected over five growing seasons at 296 locations in 38 protected natural areas of Serbia. A total of 31 spider mite species were found, 10 from Bryobiinae and 21 from Tetranychinae. The species Eotetranychus fagi Zacher was recorded as new to Serbia and this record was also the first one for Southeast Europe. Spider mites were found on host plants in five basic types as well as many subtypes of terrestrial habitats, with woodland as the most dominant one. A total of 151 plant species from 44 families were recorded as hosts for spider mites including new world records: 60 new hosts for family Tetranychidae and 41 new hosts for 21 spider mite species. Host plants from Rosaceae family harbored the highest number of spider mite species (16). A considerable number of species was found on host plants from the families Betulaceae (11), Asteraceae (10) and Sapindaceae (10). Two cosmopolitan spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikolskii, were clearly distinguished with 67 (7 new) and 43 (13 new) recorded host species, respectively; among newly recorded hosts for Tetranychidae family, these two mite species were found on 27 and 12 hosts, respectively. After the two most common species, the most striking was the presence of Bryobia praetiosa Koch with 24 (4 new) recorded host plants, followed by Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), Eotetranychus carpini (Oudemans) and Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten), with 21 (7 new), 20 (6 new) and 16 (2 new) hosts, respectively. The remaining tetranychids were found on 1–9 host plant species. This study provided the first insight into diversity of tetranychids in Serbian protected areas. Further research in this field should focus on mites from host plants representative of specific areas and habitats, including endangered, endemic and relict species.

Puccinia tulipae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Ya. Tykhonenko
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Infected Plant

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia tulipae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Rust of Tulipa species only. HOSTS: Tulipa alberti, T. biflora, T. graniticola, T. ingens, T. kolpakovskiana, T. lanata, T. micheliana, T. ostrovskiana, T. praestans, T. schrenkii (Liliaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. EUROPE: Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Russia (Astrakhan, Rostov), Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies have been reported; teliospores are presumably dispersed by air currents and then germinate to produce basidia with basidiospores, which re-infect the host plants; the fungus might also survive in bulbs of the infected plant.

Suitability of Wild Host Plants and Firewood as Hosts of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Mozambique

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1705-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo L Muatinte ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Brachystegia Spiciformis

Abstract Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) populations are maintained in wild host plants such as trees that act as pest reservoirs from where beetle infestation of maize granaries take place. In this study, we assessed the suitability of plant species sold and transported as firewood as well as other plant species in Mozambique as hosts for P. truncatus. Prostephanus truncatus was only recorded from three tree species, which are sold as firewood, i.e., Brachystegia spiciformis, Strychnos spinosa, and Colophospermum mopane. The pest survived and bred in 13 tree and 7 grass species. Dry wood of several tree species and the grasses Acroceras macrum and Hyparrhenia hirta were suitable hosts for pest development. Sale and transport of certain firewood species may be an important driver of the spread of this pest. The importance of dry maize stalks and several grass species in sustaining pest populations is described for the first time. Several grass species are used as thatch or fencing material and, together with maize crop residues close to small-scale granaries, may provide significant sources of beetle infestation.

Cynipidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) fauna of Kazdağı National Park (Turkey)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4802 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
GAMZE KARACA ◽  
YUSUF KATILMIŞ
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Locality Record ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Host Plant Species

Field surveys were carried out to determine the richness of the Cynipidae fauna of Kazdağı National Park, located on the border of Edremit county (Balıkesir province, Turkey). Gall samples of cynipids were collected or photographed on Quercus and Rosa host plants. As a result, 53 cynipid species belonging to 3 different tribes were found or observed in the surveyed area. 14 and 8 species were recorded as new for the Cynipidae fauna of Balıkesir and Çanakkale provinces respectively, including the first locality record of Andricus hystrix Trotter, 1897 for Turkey. In addition, color photos of reared cynipid wasps from their galls and the observed cynipid galls on their host plant species are presented. 

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