YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF BROMEGRASS-ALFALFA AS AFFECTED BY AMMONIUM NITRATE AND AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer at rates to 44 kg/ha increased the dry matter yield of bromegrass-alfalfa at all levels of monoammonium phosphate application. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the yield of the grass and decreased the yield of alfalfa. As a result, N content of the forage was generally decreased while total uptake of nitrogen was increased with fertilizer. Rates of N to 22 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1 did not result in an accumulation of NO3–N in the 0- to 30-cm soil zone while higher rates only marginally increased soil NO3–N.Key words: Bromegrass, alfalfa, fertilizer

THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON EMERGENCE OF CEREAL GRAINS, FLAX AND RAPE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers

Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and treble superphosphate fertilizers placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape were found to delay and/or reduce emergence. Order of tolerance of these crops was oats > barley > wheat >> rape > flax. The nitrogen fertilizer was more injurious than the two phosphate fertilizers, when applied on the basis of N and P2O5 content, respectively. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil temperature. This effect was greatest with treble superphosphate and was only slight with ammonium nitrate. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil moisture content. This effect was very marked with ammonium nitrate but was less with treble superphosphate. For wheat, oats and barley, delay in emergence was more pronounced than reduction. However, for flax and rape relatively light applications of fertilizers both delayed and reduced emergence and exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture content rapidly reduced ability to germinate. Damage to flax was apparently increased by soil micro-organisms.Injury to emergence was eliminated when fertilizers were broadcast or placed in a band one inch or more away from the seed.

Aqueous ammonia compared with other nitrogenous fertilizers as solids and solutions on grass

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodgson ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Single Application

SUMMARYField experiments with Italian ryegrass cut four times a year compared aqueous ammonia with ammonium sulphate and with a mixture of ammonium nitrate and urea (equal parts by weight). In 1963 four rates of nitrogen, 224, 448, 672 and 896 lb/acre, were applied as single and split dressings of injected aqueous ammonia, as solid ammonium sulphate and as injected solution of ammonium sulphate. There was little difference in total dry-matter yield between a single injection of aqueous ammonia and the split dressing of solid. Injecting ammonium sulphate solution eliminated scorch caused by single applications of solid supplying 448 lb N/acre or more and gave significantly greater dry-matter yields. A single application of 448 lb N/acre provided enough nitrogen to sustain the response of the grass to the end of the season.In 1964 a single injection of aqueous ammonia was compared with ammonium nitrate/urea applied as solid or solution at 280, 560 and 840 lb N/acre. There was no difference in total dry-matter yield between aqueous ammonia and ammonium nitrate/urea at rates of 560 and 840 lb/acre. At 280 lb/acre a split dressing of solid produced most dry matter. More than 280 lb N/acre was required, therefore, as a single application in spring to last the whole season, but this rate of nitrogen applied as a split dressing was almost sufficient to give maximum yield.In both experiments the seasonal distribution of dry matter was similar for single and split applications except in 1963 when large single injections of ammonium sulphate produced greater yields at the third cut than the split applications. The percentage of nitrogen recovered in the harvested grass decreased as nitrogen rate was increased and was greater from single than split applications. Recovery of nitrogen from aqueous ammonia was less efficient from four injections than one, and was greater in 1964 than 1963 due to better penetration of the sward by injector tines. Least nitrogen was recovered from surface-applied solutions of ammonium nitrate/urea. Regressions of dry-matter yield on nitrogen yield showed that single injections of aqueous ammonia were as efficient as other fertilizers tested.

RESPONSE OF SIX-YEAR-OLD GRASS–ALFALFA PASTURES TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN NORTHEASTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Cooke ◽  
S. E. Beacom ◽  
W. K. Dawley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
N Treatment

Two 6-year-old grass–alfalfa mixtures were compared when fertilized with 0, 84 and 168 kg nitrogen per hectare and grazed by yearling Hereford steers. The effect of stocking rate, fertilization, forage mixture and year on the cumulative liveweight gain per hectare was also determined. The bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture showed a linear increase in dry matter yield, but the nitrogen requirement of the intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium L.) and alfalfa mixture was fully met by the 84-kg/ha N treatment. In 1960, the addition of 84 and 168 kg/ha N to the bromegrass–alfalfa increased animal production by 61 and 98% respectively. Corresponding increases of 53 and 56% were obtained from the fertilized intermediate wheatgrass–alfalfa mixture. Similar percentage increases were obtained in 1961. The 84-kg/ha N treatment reduced the alfalfa content of both mixtures by more than 40%. The 168-kg/ha N treatment practically eliminated the alfalfa from the stands. Nitrogen recovery by the bromegrass–alfalfa was similar at both fertility levels and amounted to 62% in 1960, and 24% in 1961. Recovery of nitrogen by intermediate wheatgrass–alfalfa was 62 and 36% from the 84- and 168-kg/ha N treatments in 1960, and 23 and 12% respectively in 1961.

Pasture responses to traces of zinc in phosphate fertilizers

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Ozanne ◽  
TC Shaw ◽  
DJ Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

The effect of zinc present as a contaminant in commercial superphosphate was compared with the zinc in zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) in its effect on subterranean clover grown on a deficient light soil (Kojonup sand) in the field. A dressing of 55 grams of zinc an acre, applied as a contaminant in superphosphate, increased the yield of subterranean clover in the pear of application from 2300 to 3200 lb of dry matter an acre. The total uptake of zinc in the tops was increased from 11 to 19 grams of zinc an acre. The proportion of the contaminant zinc absorbed from superphosphate was at least equal to that absorbed from a dressing of ZnSO4.7H2O. These results are discussed in relation to the zinc contents of superphosphate and of various compounds used in phosphatic fertilizers. The evidence indicates that the amount of zinc contaminant applied in the present experiment could be contained in dressings of even less than 2 cwt an acre of superphosphate.

Environmental effects on the short-term response of tropical grasses to nitrogen fertilizer

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Moisture Potential ◽  
Term Response

The short term response of tropical grasses during spring to ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers (1 12 kg N ha -1) was measured on kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) at one site, and on setaria (Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula) at two sites. Fertilizers were applied at weekly intervals on 16 occasions at each site during the August-December period. Treatments were assessed in terms of the dry matter response (DMR) and apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen (NR), where DMR is the differences in dry matter yield of topdressed plots over the control and NR is the corresponding difference in nitrogen yield expressed as a percentage of the amount of nitrogen applied as fertilizer. These responses were measured at four, and sometimes at eight weeks, and were related to environmental variables by regression analysis. The DMR was more responsive than NR to changes in temperature. Both DMR and NR were very sensitive to changes in soil moisture potential, especially on wet soils, and to changes in effective rainfall (rainfall less run-off). If low temperature limited growth during the first four weeks after topdressing, both DMR and NR increased further when growth during 5-8 weeks extended into warmer periods. However, when moisture supply limited the response at four weeks, the NR remained depressed at eight weeks even with an improved moisture supply. Environmental factors influenced the response more than the type of nitrogen fertilizer and at four weeks, the respective overall DMR and NR from urea were 90 and 86 per cent of those from ammonium nitrate.

The effect of method of application and presence of sulphate on phosphate fixation from three phosphate fertilizers applied to a krasnozem soil

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Aitken ◽  
JD Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Diffusion Rates ◽  
Phosphate Fixation ◽  
P Fertilizers

Fixation of phosphate from monocalcium, monoammonium and diammonium phosphate in a krasnozem soil was investigated in two glasshouse trials. The extent of fixation was assessed from the dry matter yield and phosphorus uptake of tomato plants. Less phosphate was fixed from monocalcium phosphate than from the ammonium phosphates, which was attributed to the higher diffusion rates of the latter and to the precipitation of dicalcium phosphate at the site of monocalcium phosphate placement. Banding of sub-optimal quantities of phosphorus increased yields, although the results suggest that banding only temporarily reduces fixation of the ammonium phosphates. Sulphate significantly increased the uptake of phosphorus when added with each of the three P fertilizers. The effect was greater when the fertilizer was banded than when mixed with the soil.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: I. Yields

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Fertilizer Plant

SUMMARYFive experiments (1965–9) on calcareous sandy loam tested all combinations of four amounts of nitrogen (0–1·8 cwt/acre N) and four plant populations (8000–54 000 plants/ acre) given to sugar beet grown with and without irrigation. On average, nitrogen and plant population influenced yields greatly but irrigation relatively little. In all years between 0·6 and 1·2 cwt/acre N and between 17000 and 32000 plants/acre gave largest sugar yield. Giving more nitrogen or increasing the plant population neither increased nor decreased sugar yield much in any year. Irrigation was beneficial in only two out of five years.Sugar yield was linearly related to root dry-matter yield. Although total dry matter was greatest when the largest plant population was given the largest dressing of nitrogen and irrigation, the proportion of dry matter in the roots was decreased by all three factors.

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