COLD HARDINESS IN HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
J. DVORAK ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The excellent cold hardiness of rye (Secale cereale L.) makes it a potential source of genetic variability for the improvement of this character in related species. However, when rye is combined with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to produce octaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack, ABDR genomes), the superior rye cold hardiness is not expressed. To determine if the D genome of hexaploid wheat might be responsible for this lack of expression, hexaploid triticales (ABR genomes) were produced and evaluated for cold hardiness. All hexaploid triticales had cold hardiness levels similar to their tetraploid wheat parents. Small gains in cold hardiness of less than 2 °C were found when very non-hardy wheats were used as parents. This similarity in expression of cold hardiness in both octaploid and hexaploid triticales indicates that the D genome of wheat is not solely, if at all, responsible for the suppression of rye cold hardiness genes. There appears to be either a suppressor(s) of the rye cold hardiness genes on the AB genomes of wheat, or the expression of diploid rye genes is reduced to a uniform level by polyploidy in triticale. The suppression, or lack of expression, of rye cold hardiness genes in a wheat background make it imperative that cold-hardy wheats be selected as parents for the production of hardy triticales.Key words: Triticale, Secale, winter wheat, cold hardiness, gene expression

Effects of D-genome chromosomes on crossability of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) with maize

1997 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Inagaki ◽  
W. H. Pfeiffer ◽  
M. Mergoum ◽  
A. Mujeeb-Kazi ◽  
A. J. Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
D Genome ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

GENOMIC EFFECTS ON THE DURATION OF MEIOSIS IN TRITICALE AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Roupakias ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Genomic Effects ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The effect of the D and R genomes on the duration of meiosis and its stages was studied in the following materials: 1. AABBDD (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.); 2. AABB (extracted from AABBDD); 3. AABBRR and AABBDDRR (× Triticosecale Wittmack); 4. AABBD; 5. ABRR; and 6. RR (Secale cereale L.). Genomes AB, D and R were the same irrespective of the material in which they were found. At 20 °C and continuous illumination meiosis lasted 32.8 to 44.5 h in the AABBDD; 44.1 to 44.6 h in the AABB; 46.4 to 51.3 h in the AABBRR; 43.6 h in the AABBDDRR; 44.5 h in the AABBD; 51.6 to 52.7 h in the ABRR and 52.6 h in the RR genotype. Addition of the D genome to the AABB and AABBRR genotypes resulted in (1) elongation of the stage of nucleolar fusion (2) shortening of the combined duration of zygotene and pachytene and (3) reduction of the total duration of meiosis in AABBRR while it had no effect on AABB. Addition of the R genome to AABB resulted in the elongation of the total duration of meiosis and its stages while it had no significant effect when added to AABBDD. It was concluded that the variation observed in the duration of meiosis and its stages among the various cereal genotypes studied was more likely due to genes carried by the D and R genomes rather than to simple changes in ploidy level or DNA content.

The effect of cytoplasm on cold hardiness in alloplasmic rye (Secale cereale L.) and triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Limin ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Octoploid Triticale ◽  
Wheat Parent

Many changes occur within the cytoplasm of plant cells during cold acclimation. However, the cause and effect relationship between cytoplasmic response to low temperature and the development of cold hardiness in cells has been difficult to determine. This study considered the importance of rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal.) cytoplasmic effects in conditioning plant cold hardiness. The cold hardiness of octoploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) produced from hardy rye and nonhardy wheat was similar to that of the wheat parent, demonstrating a complete suppression of the rye cold hardiness genes. Similar observations were made for wheat – rye amphiploids from reciprocal crosses, indicating that this suppression was not due to cytoplasmic effects. It is more probable that, because the cold hardiness of octoploid triticale approximates that of the wheat parent, the cold hardiness potential of the rye genome is suppressed by a gene or genes in the wheat complement. The cold hardiness of alloplasmic rye with T. tauschii cytoplasm was similar to that of the rye parent indicating that the cold hardiness genes of rye have normal expression in the T. tauschii cytoplasm. Based on observations made in these two studies, it was concluded that the cytoplasm has little direct effect on cold hardiness, or on the nuclear expression of cold hardiness.Key words: cold hardiness, cytoplasm, Triticum aestivum L., triticale, alloplasmic rye.

COLD HARDINESS OF FORAGE GRASSES GROWN ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cold Hardy

Cold hardiness ratings of 18 forage grass species, and cold hardy reference cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) and rye (Secale cereale L. ’Puma’), were compared to provide estimates of the winterkill risk for forage grasses established in the spring and fall on the Canadian prairies.Key words: Forage grasses, cold hardiness, seeding date, winter survival

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTER SURVIVAL OF WINTER WHEATS AND WINTER TRITICALES IN ALBERTA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. McINTYRE ◽  
T. H. H. CHEN ◽  
M. F. MEDERICK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Several traits have been measured as indices for winter hardiness in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Published information on the response of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) to these traits is limited. In this study LT50, water content, fresh weight, dry weight and total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) were determined for cold acclimated crowns of 10 breeding lines of T. aestivum and 18 of triticale. The T. aestivum lines evaluated were hardier than the triticale and LT50 appeared to be a reliable predictor of field survival (FSI). Correlations between LT50 and FSI were significant for both species. Correlation coefficients between traits measured differed between species. In triticale, correlations between dry weight, water content and LT50 were significant. In T. aestivum water content correlated closest with LT50. The relationship between TSC and FSI appeared to differ between the two species.Key words: X Triticosecale Wittmack, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell, wheat (winter), cold hardiness, primary triticale, secondary triticale

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale germination

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3393-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic peroxidase patterns of rye (Secale cereale L.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel germination has been carried out. Endosperm, embryo, coleoptile, and the first leaf have been analyzed. A drastic change in peroxidase patterns was observed during the first hours of germination in all the materials studied. The triticale peroxidase patterns were similar to tetraploid wheat female parent patterns. The chromosomal locations of two leaf peroxidase isozymes of hexaploid wheat 'Chinese Spring' are also reported. These two isozymes, C9 and C10, are associated with chromosome arms 3DS and 7DS, respectively.

A cytological and molecular analysis of D-genome chromosome retention following F2–F6 generations of hexaploid×tetraploid wheat crosses

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Padmanaban ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Mark W. Sutherland ◽  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
Anke Martin
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Global Food

Both hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid durum wheat (AABB) (T. turgidum spp. durum) are highly significant global food crops. Crossing these two wheats with different ploidy levels results in pentaploid (AABBD) F1 lines. This study investigated the differences in the retention of D chromosomes between different hexaploid × tetraploid crosses in subsequent generations by using molecular and cytological techniques. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the retention of D chromosomes in the F2 generation depending on the parents of the original cross. One of the crosses, 2WE25 × 950329, retained at least one copy of each D chromosome in 48% of its F2 lines. For this cross, the retention or elimination of D chromosomes was determined through several subsequent self-fertilised generations. Cytological analysis indicated that D chromosomes were still being eliminated at the F5 generation, suggesting that in some hexaploid × tetraploid crosses, D chromosomes are unstable for many generations. This study provides information on the variation in D chromosome retention in different hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses and suggests efficient strategies for utilising D genome retention or elimination to improve bread and durum wheat, respectively.

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

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